脱细胞粘膜基质的热原试验研究

目的 考察脱细胞粘膜基质的热原试验方法的可行性。方法 依据《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版二部附录XIE细菌内毒素检查法和ISO10993.12 Biological evaluation of medical devices-Part 12:Sample preparation and reference materials,使用离心法消除样品浸提液的悬浮颗粒,使用动态浊度法验证离心条件是否会影响浸提液中细菌内毒素的检测。依据《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版三部附录XIID热原检查法检测脱细胞粘膜基质的热原试验是否合格。结果 本实验中采用的离心条件不会影响样品浸提液中细菌内毒素的检测,热原试验合格。结论该产品可以采用此离心条件进行热原检测。     

纳米银妇女外用抗菌凝胶的细菌内毒素检测

目的考察纳米银妇女外用抗菌凝胶的细菌内毒素检查方法的可行性。方法依据中国药典2005年版附录ⅪE细菌内毒素检查法,确定纳米银妇女外用抗菌凝胶的有效稀释浓度和细菌内毒素限值。结果纳米银妇女外用抗菌凝胶在稀释50倍后对细菌内毒素实验无干扰作用,其细菌内毒素含量均小于6.25EU/mL。结论该产品可以采用细菌内毒素检查法。     

两种生物材料细菌内毒素检查和热原检查方法比较的研究

目的本试验对样品管腔支架(镍钛)和支架输送系统进行热原检测.方法采用细菌内毒素检查和家兔检查法.结果细菌内毒素试验表明,两样品不合格;热原试验表明,两样品合格.结论导致鲎试剂凝集不一定就能引起生物体的热原反应.出现这种不相一致结果的原因很多.所以在评价生物材料和医疗器械时,建议做热原试验.     

家兔法与内毒素法检查生物材料热原的适用性研究

药品与生物材料在生物安全性评价方法上有着很大的区别.临床上广泛运用内毒素法检查药品热原,然而,运用细菌内毒素法进行部分组成成分较为复杂的生物材料的热原试验是否适当有待明确.本研究在2005版药典的基础上,分别运用内毒素法和家兔法对两种组织工程支架材料进行热原试验的比较研究,实验结果表明运用内毒素法得到的试验结果为阴性,...     

家兔法与内毒素法检查生物材料热原的适用性研究

药品与生物材料在生物安全性评价方法上有着很大的区别。临床上广泛运用内毒素法检查药品热原,然而,运用细菌内毒素法进行部分组成成分较为复杂的生物材料的热原试验是否适当有待明确。本研究在2005版药典的基础上,分别运用内毒素法和家兔法对两种组织工程支架材料进行热原试验的比较研究,实验结果表明运用内毒素法得到的试验结果为阴性,运用家兔法得到的试验结果为阳性。这两种方法分别测定每种材料所得到的热原试验结果不相符合,表明对组成成分复杂的生物材料,含热原的因素较为复杂,用家兔法进行试验检测热原可能更加灵敏。     

多酶清洗液清洁骨科植入器械后的内毒素测定

背景:大量研究表明多酶清洗液对骨科植入性医疗器械的清洗效果明显优于不加酶清洗,但是缺乏统一、简单、广泛被接受的清洗效果评价标准。多酶洗液中内毒素的定量检测有助于建立骨科植入性医疗器械清洁成功的微生物学评价标准,并在一定程度上反应多酶洗液清洗器械的效果,使多酶清洗液得到科学有效地应用。目的:检测手工应用3M多酶清洗液清洁骨科植入器械后器械表面及多酶洗液中内毒素的含量,以评价骨科植入器械的清洗效果。方法:随机抽取骨科植入性手术器械600件,用3M多酶清洗液进行分批次连续清洗,清洗前后分别采集器械表面及酶液中内毒素样本,采用鲎实验法,取8EU/mL的内毒素标准品,稀释至不同的浓度的8个点,测其反应时间,建立标准曲线方程,根据方程计算样本的内毒素含量。结果与结论:在多酶洗液最大有效清洗限度内,酶液中内毒素的含量不超过6.0EU/mL。提示多酶洗液中内毒素的含量可以作为评价骨科植入器械清洗成功的可靠指标。     

D,L-聚乳酸基形状记忆聚合物的生物安全性和细胞相容性

背景：课题组前期实验研制了输卵管避孕器材料D, L-聚乳酸基形状记忆聚合物,依据国内《生物材料和医疗器材生物学评价技术要求》规定,植入体内的组织工程材料必须进行生物安全评价和细胞相容性实验。 目的：观察D, L-聚乳酸基形状记忆聚合物的生物安全性。 方法：①内毒素实验：在鲎试剂中分别加入聚合物浸提液、内毒素工作标准品溶液和细菌内毒素检查用水。②致敏实验：在昆明小鼠肩胛骨内侧分别注射聚合物浸提液+弗氏完全佐剂+生理盐水、弗氏完全佐剂+生理盐水,通过皮内诱导、局部诱导和激发阶段,观察动物激发部位皮肤红斑和水肿反应程度。③急性毒性实验：分别在昆明小鼠腹腔注射100%,50%,25%聚合物浸提液及生理盐水。④细胞增殖MTT实验：直接法为将人脐静脉内皮细胞分别接种于聚合物膜、聚乳酸与玻璃片上;间接法为将人脐静脉内皮细胞分别接种于聚合物浸提液、丙烯酰胺溶液及1640培养液。 结果与结论：D, L-聚乳酸基形状记忆聚合物材料无细菌污染状况,符合生物安全标准,无致敏性及毒性,并且具有较好的细胞相容性。     

钛酸钡压电陶瓷涂层的生物相容性评价

背景：课题组利用等离子喷涂技术在羟基磷灰石表面喷涂钛酸钡制备了压电陶瓷涂层,但其生物相容性尚不清楚。 目的：检测钛酸钡压电陶瓷涂层的生物相容性。 方法：①溶血实验：在兔抗凝血中分别加入受试样品浸提液、生理盐水与蒸馏水,检测溶血率。②短期全身毒性实验：对Wistar大鼠分别灌胃给予受试样品浸提液与生理盐水,观察动物体质量变化。③热源实验：自新西兰兔耳缘静脉分别注射受试样品浸提液与生理盐水,观察动物体温变化。④致敏实验：将豚鼠随机分为2组,实验组以材料浸提液与完全弗氏佐剂为供试液,对照组以生理盐水溶液与完全弗氏佐剂为供试液。按照GBT16886.10-2005医疗器械生物学评价第10 部分：刺激与迟发型超敏反应试验规定,用最大剂量法进行致敏实验。 结果与结论：受试材料钛酸钡压电陶瓷涂层无溶血作用、无毒性、不致热、无致敏作用,结果表明钛酸钡压电陶瓷涂层具有良好的生物相容性。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

动态比浊法鲎试验定量分析催化剂的细菌内毒素

目的通过定量检测催化剂的细菌内毒素含量,为控制药品质量及筛选最佳生产工艺提供参考。方法应用动态比浊法及凝胶法鲎试验对催化剂的细菌内毒素进行定量和半定量检测。结果动态比浊法鲎试验定量检测了4批催化剂,其原液(原瓶加5.0mL水)细菌内毒素含量依次为20EumL-1-50EumL-1不等,样品在256倍稀释时其添加内毒素(2.0EumL-1)的回收率在75%-125%之间,此时对鲎试验反应无干扰作用,与凝胶法的检查结果一致。结论动态比浊法鲎试验可用来定量检测催化剂的细菌内毒素含量。     

鲎试验测定注射用头孢雷特中细菌内毒素的方法学研究

目的：检测注射用头孢雷特中的细菌内毒素。方法：供试品干扰试验后,采用凝胶鲎试验对样品中细菌内毒素进行检测。结果：三批注射用头孢雷特浓度为2mg·ml^-1对细菌内毒素的检测无干扰作用,所测样品的头孢雷特细菌内毒素含量均小于0.5EU.mg-1。结论：所建立方法检查注射用头孢雷特中的细菌内毒素可行。     

离子交换色谱法去除rhOP-1蛋白溶液中内毒素的方法

目的建立一种去除重组人成骨蛋白(recombination human osteogenic protein-1,rhOP-1)溶液中内毒素的方法。方法提取包涵体蛋白,经纯化、复性得rhOP-1溶液。此溶液经DEAE离子交换色谱柱,通过线性增加盐浓度方式先将蛋白洗脱,内毒素则由较强盐浓度和NaOH洗脱。收集洗脱峰,用鲎试剂检测其内毒素含量。结果凝胶法检测rhOP-1溶液在DEAE-琼脂糖色谱柱上样前内毒素含量在限值以上,DEAE-琼脂糖色谱柱洗脱峰的蛋白内毒素含量降到限值以下,而经0.22μm滤膜除菌的蛋白溶液中内毒素含量在限值以上。结论rhOP-1蛋白溶液经DEAE-琼脂糖色谱柱洗脱,可得低于内毒素限值的蛋白溶液,因此这种方法可作为一种去除rhOP-1缓冲液中内毒素的方法。     

Purification of bacterial endotoxins by zonal centrifugation

In this paper, we describe a cultivation procedure in large-capacity fermentors (200 liters) and the purification of the Salmonella crude extracts by means of zonal centrifugation in a sucrose gradient. Briefly, the endotoxin has been extracted from salmonellae with hypertonic solutions. The crude endotoxin was shown to contain several antigens, mainly r(1), r(2), r(3), or heterologous antigen. The heavy endotoxin was isolated and purified previously by enzymatic digestion, followed by a series of gel filtrations on Sephadex or Sepharose columns. We report the isolation and purification of heavy endotoxin in sucrose gradients, with the use of a B XIV titanium zonal rotor. From 150 to 300 mg of the crude material resuspended in a solution containing 1 m sodium chloride, 0.1 m sodium citrate, and 2.5% (w/w) sucrose, has been submitted to zonal centrifugation in gradients consisting of 5 to 25% (w/w) sucrose, also containing 1 m sodium chloride and 0.1 m sodium citrate. An overlay of 200 ml of 1 m sodium chloride-0.1 m sodium citrate was introduced after the sample. The separations were obtained after centrifugation for 3.5 hr at 35,000 rev/min (integralw(2)dt = 1.66 x 10(11)) at 4 C; the heavy endotoxin sedimented as heterogeneous material, from the middle toward the distal portions of the gradient. The heterologous antigens (r(1), r(2), r(3)), as well as bacterial proteins, remained in the sample zone. The heavy endotoxin recovered from the gradients was quite pure, as revealed by immunodiffusion tests against several antibacterial sera.     

Filtration of dialysate using an on-line dialysate filter.

Increased concerns about pyrogenic contamination of dialysate have led to the development of an on-line dialysate filtration system. Bacteriological testing of the system was performed (n = 6) by introducing bicarbonate concentrate contaminated with E. coli 026:B 6 (3 x 10(9) cfu/ml) into a dialysis machine equipped with a two-stage polysulfone filtration system. The bacterial concentration of the dialysate entering the filtration system was maintained above 10(6) cfu/ml and endotoxin levels ranged from 30-300 ng/ml during the 3-hour test period. Bacterial and endotoxin levels on the input side of the first-stage filter reached minimum concentrations of 5.4 x 10(9) cfu/ml and 30,000 ng/ml respectively. All output samples of filtered dialysate showed no bacterial growth and endotoxin levels were below the sensitivity (0.003 ng/ml) of the LAL assay. A dialysis machine (QD = 500), equipped with a single stage filtration system, was used for 18 months of clinical testing. In order to evaluate the system's reliability with regard to membrane failures and reduced dialysate flow, filter membrane integrity was verified weekly using a pressure holding test and dialysate flow was measured under routine clinical conditions. No membrane failures occurred, and dialysate flow was maintained at 511 +/- 17 ml/min (n = 70) during the test period. In conclusion: dialysate filtration is an effective and practical method for prevention of pyrogenic reactions due to high levels of bacteria and endotoxins.     

丹参川芎嗪注射液细菌内毒素检查法研究

目的 建立丹参川芎嗪注射液细菌内毒素检查法。方法 依据《中国药典》2015年版四部（通则1143）细菌内毒素检查法,通过预干扰预试验和干扰试验,确定丹参川芎嗪注射液最大无干扰的浓度,并进行方法学验证。结果 将丹参川芎嗪注射液稀释20倍,对细菌内毒素检测法无干扰作用。结论 丹参川芎嗪注射液内毒素检查法可用于检查丹参川芎嗪注射液。     

Recovery of pathogenic bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid.

We studied the conditions necessary for optimal recovery of bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid. Our results indicated that Streptopcoccus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae can be quantitatively recovered in the sediment after centrifugation at 1,500 X g for 15 min. Equivalent numbers of bacteria were recovered by centrifugation or filtration of antibiotic-free cerebrospinal fluid; however, bacterial recovery by filtration was less effective with antibiotic-supplemented cerebrospinal fluid.     

两种方法测定灯盏细辛注射液中细菌内毒素含量

目的：建立灯盏细辛注射液细菌内毒素的定性和定量检测方法。方法：按照《中国药典》2010年版一部附录细菌内毒素检查法项下凝胶法和动态浊度法对灯盏细辛注射液进行试验。结果：灯盏细辛注射液注射液稀释25倍（凝胶法）和200倍（动态浊度法）后对鲎试剂及内毒素反应无干扰作用。结论：用凝胶法和动态浊度法检测灯盏细辛注射液中细菌内毒素的含量是可行的。     

双黄连注射液细菌内毒素检查法的应用

目的:建立双黄连注射液的细菌内毒素检查方法.方法:按照《中国药典》2005年版附录细菌内毒素检查法进行试验.结果:双黄连注射液对鲎试剂与内毒素反应无干扰作用.结论:双黄连注射液采用细菌内毒素检查方法可靠,简单可行,可以考虑代替热原检查.     

Endotoxin release from Escherichia coli after exposure to tobramycin: dose-dependency and reduction in cefuroxime-induced endotoxin release

ObjectiveTo study the release of free endotoxin from Escherichia coli exposed to varying concentrations of the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3-specific β-lactam antibiotic cefuroxime, the aminoglycoside tobramycin, and a combination of the two, and to test the relationship between bacterial killing rate and endotoxin release.MethodsA clinical isolate of Escherichia coli in logarithmic phase was exposed to 0.1, 2, 10, and 50 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefuroxime, tobramycin, and a combination of the two. Samples for viable counts and endotoxin analysis were drawn immediately before and after the addition of the antibiotics and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h. All experiments were performed in triplicate. For the analysis of endotoxin, a chromogenic limulus amoebocyte lysate assay was used.ResultsEndotoxin liberation was found to be proportional to the number of killed bacteria for each antibiotic regimen at each concentration level justifying the endotoxin-liberating potential to be expressed as release of endotoxin per killed bacterium, an expression that was independent of the inoculum size. At all concentration levels there was a statistically significant difference between the treatments, with the highest release of endotoxin per killed bacterium for cefuroxime, lower for tobramycin and the lowest for the combination of the two drugs (P < 0.001). With increasing doses, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the propensity to release endotoxin. When the bacterial killing rate was correlated to the propensity to release endotoxin in bacteria exposed to tobramycin or the combination of tobramycin and cefuroxime, a significant negative correlation was found (P < 0.01). This reduction in endotoxin release was not caused by an unspecific endotoxin binding of tobramycin.ConclusionsAddition of tobramycin reduced the cefuroxime-induced endotoxin release per killed bacterium to a level which was even lower than that of tobramycin alone in spite of an increased killing rate. Increasing concentrations of tobramycin led to reduction in endotoxin release, which may be of benefit when dosing aminoglycosides once daily.