截瘫与非截瘫患者家属焦虑和抑郁调查分析

目的了解截瘫与非截瘫患者家属对焦虑和抑郁程度的区别。方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和忧郁自评量表（SDS）以及一般资料问卷。结果截瘫患者家属SAS、SDS标准分与非截瘫患者家属SAS、SDS标准分进行两样本均数的t检验，差异有极显著意义（P〈0．01）。结论截瘫患者家属焦虑和抑郁程度明显高于非截瘫患者家属。     

妇科恶性肿瘤患者家属焦虑抑郁状况调查及其影响因素分析

目的了解妇科恶性肿瘤住院患者家属的焦虑、抑郁情绪水平,并探讨恶性肿瘤患者家属焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关影响因素。方法选择2015年1—5月间在四川大学华西第二医院住院治疗的妇科恶性肿瘤患者家属350例作为研究对象,同时选择同期住院、年龄相近的非恶性肿瘤住院患者家属294例作为对照,对患者家属进行问卷调查。结果妇科恶性肿瘤患者家属中存在焦虑状态的比例占49.1%,明显高于对照组人群焦虑检出率(29.6%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=25.403,P0.01);恶性肿瘤家属的焦虑评分明显高于对照组人群(55.66±9.77 vs 45.67±8.76),差异有统计学意义(t=13.545,P0.01)。恶性肿瘤家属中存在抑郁状态的比例占36.6%,明显高于对照组人群抑郁检出率(20.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=20.195,P0.01);恶性肿瘤家属的抑郁评分明显高于对照组人群(24.76±9.63 vs 20.57±8.63),差异有统计学意义(t=5.765,P0.01)。多因素分析结果显示,性别、文化程度、对疾病的认知程度、医疗费用支付方式是影响恶性肿瘤患者家属焦虑情绪的主要因素;性别和医疗费用支付方式是影响恶性肿瘤患者家属抑郁情绪的主要因素。结论焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪在妇科住院患者家属中普遍存在,而在妇科恶性肿瘤住院患者的家属中表现得尤为突出。性别、文化程度、对疾病的了解情况、医疗费用支付方式等是影响妇科恶性肿瘤住院患者家属焦虑、抑郁情绪产生的主要影响因素。     

普外科术后并发症对同室病人术前心理的影响与护理干预

目的探讨普外科病人手术后发生并发症,对同室病人术前心理的影响。采取护理干预,缓解患者术前焦虑的情绪,提高患者心理的承受力,提高手术的依从性。方法选择32例与手术后发生并发症患者同住一室的待术患者作为对象,在得知同室病人发生手术并发症时,由患者填写焦虑自评量表,了解患者焦虑的程度,并采取护理干预。护理干预后,患者术日进手术室前,再次进行焦虑量表自评。结果护理干预前后焦虑自评量表结果有统计学意义,P〈0．05。结论护理干预能减轻术后发生并发症患者同一病室患者术前的焦虑情绪。     

癌症患者家属焦虑、抑郁状况调查分析与对策

目的探讨肿瘤介入手术患者家属的焦虑、抑郁状况。方法以Zung氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对60例癌症患者家属进行问卷调查。结果18.3%患者家属存在焦虑情绪,焦虑评分高于常模,差异有显著意义(p<0.01)。其中与家属性别、病人是否知道真实病情、疼痛程度、是否接受化疗、付费方式、陪护病人时间及家属得知诊断时间等因素有关。结论提示癌症患者家属的心理存在不同程度的焦虑、抑郁情绪,应重视那些得知诊断不久、疼痛严重、接受化疗及自费的患者家属,特别是女性家属的心理支持和关怀,帮助减轻压力,减少焦虑、抑郁状态的发生。     

精神分裂症患者家属焦虑相关因素的调查分析与对策

目的调查住院精神分裂症患者家属的焦虑状况及相关因素，探讨减轻焦虑情绪的应对措施。方法采用Zung’s焦虑自评量表（SAS）对86例精神分裂症患者家属进行问卷调查。结果患者家属SAS总分值高于国内常模，两组差异有统计学意义（u=10．12，P〈0．001）。患者家属焦虑发生率为68．9％；女性焦虑程度明显高于男性；家属的焦虑与文化程度呈负相关，自费患者家属焦虑程度高于加入医保患者的家属。结论在医疗护理中除了对患者进行治疗外，应找出患者家属焦虑症状中具有的共性问题，寻求相应的应对措施，增强其应对能力，达到减轻患者家属焦虑的目的。     

妇科恶性肿瘤术后心理状态和干预研究

目的:对妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后心理行为进行分析和干预的研究。方法:采用生存质量量表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS),对妇科恶性肿瘤患者心理干预组90人及对照组50人进行问卷调查评估分析。结果:妇科恶性肿瘤患者文化程度越高抑郁、焦虑指数越高(P<0.05);对照组术后焦虑、抑郁情绪指数高于心理干预组(P<0.01);心理干预组躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能维度评分显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:妇科恶性肿瘤患者多存在抑郁、焦虑、恐惧情绪,通过科学、系统、正规的术前心理干预,可帮助患者减少甚至解除手术引起的焦虑、抑郁、恐惧情绪,并对术后心理、性生活、人际关系、社会支持等方面的生活质量有明显改善的调适作用。     

术前患者的心理状况及其心理干预

目的探讨术前患者的心理状况及心理干预对其心理状况的影响。方法121例择期手术患者按入院先后顺序随机进入研究组和对照组，研究组在手术前一天接受心理干预，对照组不接受心理干预而自然进入手术。在手术前一天和手术前一小时分别接受自制一般情况调查问卷、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）的评定。结果研究组在手术前一小时的焦虑、抑郁总分均显著低于对照组（p均〈0.01）；焦虑、抑郁情绪与手术患者的年龄、受教育程度、种族、疾病严重程度、手术的大小和是否愿意接受心理干预有不同程度的相关性。结论术前患者存在明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪，心理干预有助于缓解术前患者存在的焦虑、抑郁情绪，保障手术的顺利进行。     

治疗性沟通在妇科恶性肿瘤患者术前焦虑中的应用研究

目的探讨治疗性沟通系统干预方式对妇科恶性肿瘤患者术前焦虑、特质应对方式及对护理工作满意度的影响。方法将本院2009年12月～2010年12月妇儿中心收治的41例妇科恶性肿瘤患者分为干预组21例和对照组20例。干预组在常规护理的基础上,实施治疗性沟通系统;对照组给予常规护理。两组干预前后分别采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、特质应对方式(TCSQ)、及自编患者对护理工作满意度调查表进行评价。结果干预前两组各项指标均无显著性差异(p>0.05)。干预组干预后患者焦虑程度、消极应对明显低于对照组,积极应对及对护理工作满意度高于对照组(p<0.05)。结论治疗性沟通系统干预能有效改善妇科恶性肿瘤患者的术前焦虑情绪、优化应对方式及提高患者对护理工作满意度,在临床妇科恶性肿瘤患者中有较好的有效性和可行性。     

家属同步健康教育对妇科恶性肿瘤患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨实施家属同步健康教育对妇科恶性肿瘤患者生活质量的影响.方法 将96例需手术、化疗的妇科恶性肿瘤患者随机分成观察组和对照组,各48例.两组患者入院后均按照宜宾市第一人民医院妇科已制订好的妇科恶性肿瘤健康教育计划单执行;观察组在此基础上对患者家属实施同步健康教育.分别于健康教育干预前、干预1个月、3个月后采用欧洲癌症患者生活质量调查核心量表(ERTC QLQ-C30)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分和比较两组生活质量、抑郁和焦虑症状评分.结果 健康教育干预1个月和3个月后,观察组在角色、认知、情绪、社会功能和总健康状况得分方面高于干预前和对照组(t =2.84～10.16,均P＜0.05);观察组疲倦、恶心呕吐、失眠、食欲下降和便秘症状得分低于干预前和对照组(t=3.27 ～9.67,均P＜0.05);观察组SAS和SDS得分低于干预前和对照组(t=2.95～7.46,均P＜0.05).结论 实施家属同步健康教育可提高妇科恶性肿瘤患者的生活质量,降低患者的抑郁和焦虑程度.     

甲状腺癌手术患者焦虑程度调查及护理效果分析

目的了解和掌握甲状腺癌手术患者焦虑状态程度,为更好的实施心理护理提供依据。方法用Zung氏焦虑自评量表（SAS）对90例甲状腺癌手术患者焦虑状态进行测评。结果焦虑是甲状腺癌手术患者主要的心理反应,且术前焦虑程度明显高于术后（P〈0．05）;年龄不同,文化差异,也导致甲状腺癌的焦虑程度不同。〈38岁青年人,文化程度高者表现焦虑程度越高。表明甲状腺癌手术患者心理健康状态差,说明手术前、后的心理疏导忍心理护理是必不可少的。结论建立良好的护患关系,有效沟通,争取家属的配合,对缓解患者的焦虑程度起到积极的作用。     

《侵权责任法》医疗知情同意实践问题研究

结合〈侵权责任法〉中关于医疗知情同意的具体医疗实践,明确了肇事司机不可以为受伤者签署知情同意书,＂三无＂患者知情同意应由本人签署,以及患者签署授权委托书等问题,为医疗机构正确行使知情同意提供法律依据.     

Parental consent for neuroimaging in paediatric research

Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is increasingly applied in paediatric research. Parents typically provide research consent for their children; yet, no study has examined the rates of consent, nor factors influencing parental decision making for consent. The present study aimed to determine the proportion of parents that would consent to their child undergoing an fMRI study, and to elicit the reasons, motivators and detractors affecting their decision. Methods Ninety parents of children aged 6 years were invited to participate in a postal survey study. Results Fifty‐three parents (59%) responded and one‐third (34%, 18/53) reported that they would consent. The main reason for consent was that participation could benefit children in the future (89%, 16/18). Common reasons for not consenting included that fMRI may be anxiety‐provoking (54%), or was an unnecessary medical procedure (23%). Conclusions Our preliminary data suggest that researchers may have to approach three times the number of participants required in order to recruit a suitable number of healthy children to fMRI studies. Further research examining the influence of recruitment approaches (e.g. phone vs. postal) and the various factors influencing decision making regarding consent is required. For example, careful examination of the language used in describing the procedure could facilitate parental understanding about fMRI and alleviate anxiety associated with the procedure. This is an important consideration for recruitment to future fMRI studies given that anxiety was a key factor influencing parental non‐consent.     

某师范学院大学生焦虑状况及影响因素的研究

目的：：了解大学生的焦虑状况与影响因素,进一步寻找大学生焦虑问题的度,为建立完善有效的克服机制提供依据。方法：使用由美国杜克大学Zung于1965年编制而成的焦虑自评量表（SAS）,随机调查上饶师范学院大一至大四484名学生进行问卷调查。结果：不同专业的大学生焦虑水平无明显差异,但年级与性别对大学生焦虑产生交互作用;不同家庭户籍以及是否独生的大学生焦虑水平无差异,但父母文化程度与职业不同的大学生焦虑水平明显不同。结论：大学生的个人、家庭等因素对大学生焦虑均有影响,应加强对大学生预防焦虑的指导力度,提高大学生心理健康水平。     

缓解考试焦虑的一项探索性研究

目的作者运用专门设计的缓解中学生考试焦虑的“心理放松操”，对学生进行辅导训练，探讨“心理放松操”是否能够有效地缓解中学生的考试焦虑。方法随机选择芜湖市某中学初三年级四个班共261名学生，其中男生116名，女生145和高三年级筛选出的中重度考试焦虑的文、理科学生共201名学生，其中男生98名，女生103名作为研究对象，分别进行两个多月的实验研究，对研究对象在“心理放松操”训练前及训练后分别用考试心态自我检查表进行检测并进行统计分析。结果每天进行心理放松操训练的男女生考试焦虑水平明显降低，有统计学意义。结论“心理放松操”能够有效地缓解中学生的考试焦虑，并且男女生之间无显著性的差异，适宜大面积的推广。     

晚期恶性肿瘤患者抑郁焦虑症状及影响因素调查

目的了解肿瘤患者临终阶段心理及影响因素,为通过心理关怀提高患者生存质量提供依据。方法运用抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表,调查我院安宁病房100例晚期恶性肿瘤患者心理状况,对患者的心理及影响因素进行分析。结果晚期癌症患者焦虑阳性率为92．0％,其中轻度占48．0％;抑郁阳性率为99．0％;其中重度占60．0％。性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻、收入及疾病类型与抑郁、焦虑评分无明显关系。抑郁、焦虑得分明显高于国内常模。其中32例患者经心理干预后得分能下降,差异有统计学意义。结论绝大部分晚期恶性肿瘤临终患者均存在抑郁、焦虑等不良心理状况,应采取有针对性的心理干预,改善负性心理,提高其生活质量。     

Enhancing the “Informed” in Informed Consent: A Pilot Test of a Multimedia Presentation

The use of a multimedia presentation to supplement the informed consent process for endoscopy procedures was tested at a children's hospital. Fifty consecutive children who presented for an endoscopy were randomized to one of two conditions. In group 1, informed consent for the procedure was obtained by the physician in the usual manner. In the second group, parents/guardians viewed a multimedia presentation on endoscopic procedures in addition to the typical consent process. Both groups completed measures of state anxiety, comprehension, and satisfaction. As predicted, there was a significant positive correlation between all participants' self-reported comprehension and satisfaction and a negative correlation between comprehension and anxiety. The group that viewed the multimedia presentation scored significantly higher on an objective test and was rated significantly higher in comprehension by physicians than the comparison group. There were no significant differences between the groups in self-reports of anxiety, satisfaction with medical care, and number of questions asked during consent delivery.     

Parental discipline behaviours and beliefs about their child: associations with child internalizing and mediation relationships

Introduction   Internalizing disorders of childhood are a common and disabling problem, with sufferers at increased risk of subsequent psychiatric morbidity. Several studies have found associations between parenting styles and children's internalizing, although few have considered the role of parental discipline. Parental discipline style may exert an effect on children's internalizing symptoms. Anxiety and depression are reliably found to run in families and parental anxiety has been shown to effect parenting behaviour. This study set out to examine the links between parental anxiety, parental discipline style and child internalizing symptoms.
Method   Eighty-eight parents of children aged 4–10 years were recruited through primary schools. All parents completed questionnaires including measures relating to: adult anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – Trait version, Penn State Worry Questionnaire), parental depression (Beck Depression Inventory – Fastscreen), parental discipline (The Parenting Scale), parenting-related attributions (Parenting Attitudes, Beliefs and Cognitions Scale) and child psychological morbidity (Child Behaviour Checklist 4–18 version).
Results   Significant correlations were found between both parental anxiety and child internalizing symptoms with ineffective discipline and negative beliefs about parenting. Particularly strong correlations were found between parental anxiety and child internalizing symptoms with harsh discipline. Parents of anxious/withdrawn children were more likely to hold negative beliefs about their child. The link between parental anxiety and child internalizing symptoms was mediated by harsh discipline. The link between parental anxiety and harsh discipline was mediated by parental beliefs about the child.
Conclusion   Discipline style may be an important factor in the relationship between parent anxiety and child internalizing symptoms.     

Psychological consequences of cystic fibrosis in adults

Increasing numbers of cystic fibrosis sufferers are surviving to adulthood. This article reviews the findings of psychological research into this group during the last decade. The psychological difficulties met by patients, families and doctors are reported. Illness coping strategies developed by sufferers, which may be applicable to other chronic diseases, are discussed.     

儿科患者及家属的心理护理探析

文章总结了儿科患者及家属的心理问题，并根据其存在的心理问题提出了相应的护理策略，认为儿科患者的心理护理实际上是对家长的心理支持，家长的心理状态对儿科患者有着直接的影响，做好心理护理是进行有效治疗的前提。对于小儿科的护士，应该更深入地了解患儿及患儿家属的心理需求，认真及时地做好和家属之间的沟通和交流，建立良好的护患关系。