TIVA在胃镜检查中的应用体会

目的 观察全凭静脉麻醉（total intravenous anesthesia，TIVA）在胃镜检查中的临床效果及安全性。方法 选择胃镜检查120例，静注咪唑安定0．02～0．04mg／kg，芬太尼1～2μg／kg，3min后缓慢静注异丙酚1．5～2．5mg／kg，根据体动情况可追加异丙酚0．5～0．75mg／kg。结果 麻醉效果满意，对呼吸、循环影响均较轻。结论 异丙酚复合咪唑安定、芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用于胃镜检查，诱导迅速，苏醒快而舒适，安全性高，值得推广。     

高血压患者无痛苦胃镜检查153例分析

目的:观察高血压患者无痛苦胃镜检查的效果和安全性。方法:观察组153例高血压患者,对照组294例,均无高血压及心、脑、肝、肾等慢性病。两组检查前均予静注芬太尼和得普利麻,对两组血压、心率、血氧饱和度和操作时间、患者反应进行观察比较分析。结果:两组检查中和检查后心率、血氧饱和度较检查前均无明显变化。两组检查中收缩压和舒张压较检查前均有所下降,检查后恢复检查前水平。两组操作时间无明显区别。结论:应用芬太尼和得普利麻静注后给高血压患者进行无痛苦胃镜检查,可提高检查耐受性,不良反应少,安全可靠。     

得普利麻伍用芬太尼在无痛人流术中的应用

目的:探讨得普利麻伍用芬太尼在无痛人流术中的应用。方法:120例需人工流产病人随机分成两组。A组静脉缓慢注射芬太尼0.05 mg、得普利麻1.5~2.5 mg/kg。B组在无麻醉状态常规行人流手术。观察镇痛效果及其不良反应。结果:A组术中镇痛效果优于B组(P<0.01)且无不良反应。结论:得普利麻和芬太尼对无痛人流术镇痛作用效果确切。     

胃镜检查中全凭静脉麻醉的应用体会

目的：观察全凭静脉麻醉（total intravenous anesthesia,TIVA）在胃镜检查中的临床效果及安全性。方法：选择胃镜检200例,静注咪唑安定0．02～0．04mg／kg,芬太尼1—2μg/kg,3min后缓慢静注异丙酚1．5—25mg／kg,根据体动情况可追加异丙酚0．5～0．75mg／kg。结果：麻醉效果满意,对呼吸、循环影响均较轻。结论：异丙酚复合咪唑安定、芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用于胃镜检查,诱导迅速、苏醒快而舒适、安全性高,值得推广。     

无痛胃镜单人操作132例临床分析

目的:探讨单人无痛胃镜检查,使患者在胃镜检查、治疗中安全、舒适、无痛苦。方法:术前准备同普通胃镜外,还需配备心电监护仪、供氧设备、急救药品,简易球囊呼吸器和活动床等。先缓慢静脉注射芬太尼,再静脉注射丙泊酚2 mg/Kg,待患者进入亚麻醉状态后立即行胃镜检查、治疗,术中应严密观察患者的生命体征和血氧饱和度,如患者在术中有躁动等反应,应适当追加丙泊酚0.5 mg/kg。结果:患者在使用芬太尼和丙泊酚后3~5 min内神志消失,停药5 min左右逐渐苏醒,无严重的不良反应和并发症。结论:无痛胃镜检查是安全、舒适、可行的。     

异丙酚复合芬太尼、东莨菪碱应用于老年人胃镜检查术的效果观察

[目的]研究异丙酚伍用芬太尼和东莨菪碱对老年人门诊胃镜检查术的临床疗效和安全性。[方法]随机选择40名年龄在60～80岁的老年病人，随机分为两组，全麻组在充分咽喉表面麻醉下使用芬太尼、异丙酚、东莨菪碱静脉缓慢推注下行胃镜检查术。对照组病人只使用咽喉表面麻醉。观察两组患者术前术后呼吸、血压、心率的变化。[结果]全麻组病人血压有一定程度下降，部分病人有一过性呼吸抑制。对照组病人血压、心率较术前明显增高，不良反应多。[结论]正确估计病情，作好抢救准备，严密监测，异丙酚、芬太尼、东莨菪碱联合应用于门诊老年人胃镜检查是安全有效的。     

丙泊酚、芬太尼和咪唑安定复合麻醉在无痛胃镜检查中的应用体会

目的 :观察丙泊酚、芬太尼和咪唑安定复合麻醉效果及其对胃镜检查病人呼吸循环、苏醒时间和不良反应的影响。方法 :选择自愿接受门诊无痛胃镜病人 12 0例 (ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ) ,先静注咪唑安定 0 .0 2～ 0 .0 3mg kg ,芬太尼 0 .4 μg kg,3分钟后静注丙泊酚 1.6mg kg观察记录患者的血压、心率、血氧饱和度、操作时间、苏醒时间和不良反应。结果 :患者给药后血压、心率和血氧饱和度均有不同程度下降 ,但有临床意义改变的发生率较低 ,无 1例恶心呕吐 ,术中呃逆、体动等不良反应的发生率较低。所有病人均在 10分钟内定向力完全恢复 ,术后 30分钟内离院。结论 :咪唑安定和芬太尼、丙泊酚联合用药可安全有效地用于胃镜检查。     

小剂量得普利麻复合芬太尼麻醉在无痛人工流产术中的应用

本文探讨如何预防或降低得普利麻在无痛人工流产术的麻醉中对受术者的循环、呼吸影响作用。笔者通过减少得普利麻的用药量 ,再复合适量的芬太尼麻醉 ,效果满意 ,报告如下 :1　临床资料1 1　一般资料 :选择自愿终止妊娠的早期孕妇 2 0 0例 ,ＡＳＡ分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级 ,年龄 17～ 4 2岁 ,体重 4 0～76ｋｇ ,孕期 6～ 12周 ,随机分为 2组 ,每组 10 0例。两组年龄、体重、孕周无显著差异 (Ｐ >0 .0 5 ) ,不用术前药 ,不禁食。1 2　方法 :Ａ组 (试验组 ) ,先经开放的上肢静脉缓慢推注芬太尼 2 μｇ/ｋｇ体重 ,1分钟后注入得普利麻1 5ｍｇ/ｋｇ体重 ,待…     

两种不同药物在无痛人流术中的应用比较

我院从2001年9月起开展无痛人流至今,采用单纯得普利麻和得普利麻复合小剂量芬太尼静脉麻醉,共实施42例。本文就其麻醉效果进行比较分析如下。资料与方法一、一般资料:选择42例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、妊娠(6±9)周初次人流和多次人流的健康女性。年龄21～38岁。体重41～69 kg。手术时间为2～5分钟。分为4组:Ⅰ组为单纯得普利麻初次人流组;Ⅱ组为单纯得普利麻多次人流组;Ⅲ组为得普利麻复合芬太尼初次人流组;Ⅳ组为得普利麻复合芬太尼多次人流组。初次人流占42％,多次人流占58％。二、方法:术前禁食、水4～6小时,无术前用药。病人入手术室后开放静脉通道,常规连续监测心率、MAP、呼吸、脉搏、血氧饱和度,了解体重。单纯得普利麻组,首次静脉推注得普利2～2.5 mg/kg,2分钟后追加得普利麻1 mg/kg直至病人深睡开始手术。得     

面罩给氧在无痛胃镜检查中的应用

目的:探讨无痛胃镜检查中采用面罩给氧技术的可行性和安全性,并与通过鼻塞管给氧法作比较。方法:60例胃镜检查患者随机分为两组,每组30例。通过面罩给氧为观察组,通过鼻塞管给氧为对照组。全部病例先推注枸橼酸芬太尼0．05 mg,后以丙泊酚2．5 mg／kg作为诱导剂量20～50 s内由静脉内注入,患者意识消失后检测血氧饱和度、血压、心率及操作时间,并对两组进行对比。结果:血氧饱和度在对照组麻醉诱导后至检查结束期间明显降低,与诱导前相比有统计学差异(P<0．05),而观察组无此现象。但两组间在血氧饱和度、操作时间、心率、血压(收缩压和舒张压)方面无显著差异(P>0．05)。结论:辅以面罩给氧进行无痛胃镜检查在维持生命体征指标上优于鼻塞管给氧,使无痛苦胃镜检查更为安全。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.