心电图多指标诊断冠心病的意义

对３０例冠心病患者及２８例正常对照者进行心电图踏车运动试验，测量ＳＴ及非ＳＴ参数，结果显示：（１）各指标诊断冠心病的敏感性依次为：ΔＱ－Ｔｃ（８３．３％）、ΔＱ（７６．７％）、ΔＲＳＴ及ΔＪ－Ｔｃ（６６．７％）、ΔＲ（６３．３％）、ΣＲ（５６．７％）、ＳＴ（５０％）、Ｕ波倒置（３０％）；特异性依次为：Ｕ波倒置（１００％）、ΣＲ（８９．３％）、ＳＴ及ΔＪ－Ｔｃ（８２．１％）、ΔＲ（７８．６％）、ΔＲ     

直立倾斜试验中血压、心率及血浆去甲肾上腺素变化意义的初步探讨

目的：研究直立倾斜试验（ＨＵＴ）中平均动脉压、心率及血浆去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）水平变化。方法：３５例不明原因晕厥患者及１５名正常对照者行ＨＵＴ时，观察平均动脉压、心率及ＮＥ的改变。结果：平卧位及直立倾斜后５分钟ＨＵＴ阳性（Ｉ组）、阴性（Ｉ组）和对照（ＩＩ组）３组平均动脉压、心率及ＮＥ无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＨＵＴ检查结束时，Ｉ组平均动脉压、心率较平卧位显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ｉ、ＩＩ组较平卧位则上升（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｉ组与ＩＩ、ＩＩ组有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血浆ＮＥ水平３组均较平卧位有显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），但３组之间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：ＨＵＴ时不能仅仅依据血浆ＮＥ水平来判断体内交感神经张力的高低。     

ST/HR斜率对冠心病的诊断价值

目的：分析 Ｓ Ｔ／ Ｈ Ｒ 斜率对冠心病（ Ｃ Ｈ Ｄ）的诊断价值。方法：应用 Ｓ Ｔ／ Ｈ Ｒ 斜率计算机自动分析系统与运动介入单光子发射型计算机断层摄影术（ Ｓ Ｐ Ｅ Ｃ Ｔ）心肌显像同时进行,检测 ６０ 例临床怀疑 Ｃ Ｈ Ｄ 患者,并对 ３０ 例健康正常人进行了 Ｓ Ｔ／ Ｈ Ｒ 斜率检测。结果：① Ｓ Ｔ／ Ｈ Ｒ 斜率与 Ｓ Ｐ Ｅ Ｃ Ｔ 心肌显像二者结果有良好的相关性（ ｒ＝ ０．５８, Ｐ ＜ ０．００５）,符合率为８０％ 。 Ｓ Ｐ Ｅ Ｃ Ｔ 阳性者其斜率值高于 Ｓ Ｐ Ｅ Ｃ Ｔ 阴性者及正常人群（均 Ｐ ＜ ０．０５）。②若以 Ｓ Ｐ Ｅ Ｃ Ｔ 为标准, Ｓ Ｔ／ Ｈ Ｒ 斜率与普通运动试验诊断 Ｃ Ｈ Ｄ 的敏感性分别为８１．６％ 和７３．９％ （ Ｐ ＞ ０．０５）,特异性分别为７７．３％ 和４５．５％ （ Ｐ ＜ ０．０５）。以正常人为标准, Ｓ Ｔ／ Ｈ Ｒ 斜率与普通运动试验的特异性分别为９３．３％ 和７０．０％ （ Ｐ ＜ ０．０５）。③ Ｓ Ｐ Ｅ Ｃ Ｔ 显示 ２ 个以上节段心肌缺血者,其斜率值明显高于单一节段缺血者（ Ｐ ＜ ０．０５）。结论： Ｓ Ｔ／ Ｈ Ｒ 斜率对诊断 Ｃ Ｈ Ｄ 有重要价值,其特异性明显高于普通运动试验,可作为评价心肌缺血范围的参考。     

倾斜试验诊断不明原因晕厥的方法学评价

８４例不明原因晕厥的病人及５０例无晕厥病史的正常人对照，各分成三组，分别采用基础倾斜试验（ＢＴＴＴ）、多阶段异丙肾上腺素倾斜试验（ＭＩＴＴＴ）、单阶段异丙肾上腺素倾斜试验（ＳＩＴＴＴ）。三组的年龄、性别以及晕厥指数差异均无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果：（１）ＢＴＴＴ组，病人的血管迷走性晕厥（ＶＳ）阳性诱发率为３８％（１４／３７），正常对照无一例阳性（０／２５）；ＭＩＴＴＴ组，病人及正常对照的阳性率分别为７４％（２０／２７）及２５％（３／１２）；ＳＩＴＴＴ组，分别为７０％（１４／２０）及５４％（７／１３）。（２）三组病人中，诱发晕厥所需的时间分别为１６．７３±８．５８ｍｉｎ，５．６９±３．５３ｍｉｎ、３．７３±２．８２ｍｉｎ、三组病人的实验平均时程分别为３９．６６±１４．２７ｍｉｎ、３８．５０±８．１４ｍｉｎ、１１．０５±４．１７ｍｉｎ。结果提示：（１）加用异丙肾上腺素可明显提高倾斜试验的敏感性、但特异性相应降低；（２）加用异丙肾上腺素可明显缩短诱发晕厥的时间；（３）ＢＴＴＴ的敏感低，ＳＩＴＴＴ的特异性低，而ＭＩＴＴＴ的诊断价值最高，建议作为常规方法推广，而ＢＴＴＴ及ＳＴＴＴ仅作为特殊情况下选用。     

二甲基硫脲对心肌细胞抗过氧化氢损伤的实验研究

为探讨二甲基硫脲（ＤＭＴＵ）保护心肌细胞抗过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）损伤。３２瓶培养乳鼠心肌细胞随机分４组，每组８瓶：（１）对照组；（２）Ｈ２Ｏ２（５ｍｍｏｌ）组；（３）ＤＭＴＵ（２０ｍｍｏｌ）组；（４）Ｈ２Ｏ２（５ｍｍｏｌ）＋ＤＭＴＵ（２０ｍｍｏｌ）组。在３７℃、５％ＣＯ２的ＭＥＭ培养４小时。结果发现：（１）与对照组比，Ｈ２Ｏ２组乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ，Ｕ／１００ｍｌ）释放多（２８２．３８±４７．２８比７７．２５±１８．２５，Ｐ＜０．０１）、ＴＢＡ反应物（ＴＢＡＲＳ，ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｇＰｒ．）产生多（２．２５±０．５３比０．７９±０．３６，Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）与Ｈ２Ｏ２组比，Ｈ２Ｏ２＋ＤＭ－ＴＵ组ＬＤＨ释放少（９９．２５±４１．８８比２８２．３８±４７．２８，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＴＢＡＲＳ产生少（０．５９±０．１８比２．２５±０．５３，Ｐ＜０．０１）；此外，我们还发现ＤＭＴＵ组超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ，μｇ／ｍｇＰｒ．）比对照组高（８．４９±３．６５比１．９２±１．４０，Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＤＭＴＵ能保护心肌细胞抗Ｈ２Ｏ２损伤，机制与灭活羟自由基（·ＯＨ）、保护ＳＯＤ活性有关     

直立倾斜试验中心率功率谱密度及体液因素的变化

目的研究直立倾斜试验（ＨＵＴ）中的心率变异及体液因素的变化。方法６０例不明原因晕厥病人及２０例健康人在ＨＵＴ中作心率功率谱密度（ＨＲＰＳＤ）分析，并测定血浆去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、肾素活性（ＲＡ）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）及醛固酮（ＡＬＤ）水平。结果倾斜前、后５分钟ＨＲＰＳＤ的总、超低频、低频、高频段功率谱密度、低／高频比和ＮＥ、ＲＡ、ＡｎｇⅡ、ＡＬＤ水平及其变化在阳性病人、阴性病人和正常对照三组均相似。试验结束前５分钟，阳性组的总、超低频、低频段功率谱密度、低／高频比显著高于阴性组和对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。试验结束时，阳性组的ＲＡ、ＡｎｇⅡ及ＡＬＤ显著高于阴性组和对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），但三组间的ＮＥ差异无显著性。结论ＨＵＴ阳性的血管迷走性晕厥病人神经调节功能异常是晕厥的始发因素，体液调节是一种继发性代偿反应。     

血管迷走性晕厥患者神经体液激活及其对压力反射敏感性的影响

直立倾斜试验（ｈｅａｄ－ｕｐ　ｔｉｌｔ　ｔｅｓｔｉｎｇ,ＨＵＴ）诱发晕厥的病理生理机制尚不完全清楚。按照传统的解释,倾斜应激过度激活心室后壁机械压力感受器Ｃ－纤维,反射性引起迷走神经活动增强、交感神经活动减弱,导致低血压和／或心动过缓,从而诱发晕厥。然而,用阿托品阻断迷走神经活动或植入起搏器保持心率正常并不能预防血管迷走性晕厥（ｖａｓｏｖａ－ｇａｌ　ｓｙｎｃｏｐｅ,ＶＳ）发生,说明迷走神经功能亢进并非ＶＳ发生的唯一机制。最近发现ＨＵＴ诱发晕厥时伴有广泛的神经体液激活,但ＨＵＴ过程中神经体液激活对…     

直立倾斜试验中药物假阳性反应的表现

目的：研究直立倾斜试验中药物假阳性反应的表现。方法：分析１００例临床表现为血管迷走性晕厥的患者和２１名无晕厥史的正常人直立倾斜试验的结果。结果：药物反应主要表现为①缓慢发展的血压下降，伴随代偿性心率增加；②长时间明显血压下降可出现轻微心动过缓，但心率减慢低于同阶段的３０％；③逐渐出现的症状如头晕、眼花、出汗等晕厥先兆与平时发作的症状不一样。排除药物反应后直立倾斜试验的敏感性为６２．０％，特异性为９０．５％；呈阳性反应者无１例心率≥１５０次／分。结论：正确区别突发的迷走神经反射亢进和药物反应，并且在试验过程中设置１５０次／分的心率上限，是提高直立倾斜试验敏感性又不降低试验特异性的有效方法。     

检测胃粘膜幽门螺杆菌感染不同方法之比较

目的研究适合临床使用的检测幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒｐｙｌｏｒｉ，Ｈｐ）的方法．方法患有胃炎、消化性溃疡或恶性肿瘤的患者１５０例，其中男８４例，女６６例，年龄１８岁～８０岁，平均４５岁．经内镜取胃窦粘膜３～４块，分别行病理切片染色法、尿素酶法（ＵＴ）及快速尿素酶法（ＲＵＴ）检测和血清学ＨｐＩｇＧ检测．结果血清ＨｐＩｇＧ，ＵＴ，ＲＵＴ病理ＷＳ染色法的Ｈｐ检出率分别为７８７％（１１８／１５０），４８７％（７３／１５０），４８０％（７２／１５０），５８０％（８７／１５０）．ＲＵＴ的敏感性为８２８％，特异性为１００％．ＲＵＴ一点与二点取材的敏感性分别为８６４％和７９１％，无显著性差异．结论ＲＵＴ的敏感性（８２８％）和特异性（１００％）稳定，操作简单，价廉，适合临床使用．     

倾斜试验对原因不明晕厥诊断价值的探讨

对２１例原因不明晕厥患者（晕厥组）行倾斜试验并以正常人作对照（正常对照组）。晕厥组基础倾斜试验阳性９例（４２．９％），多阶段异丙肾上腺素－倾斜试验阳性１０例（８３．０％），总阳性率为９０．５％（１９／２１）。对照组基础倾斜试验无一例阳性，与晕厥组比较，Ｐ＜０．００１；多阶段异丙肾上腺素－倾斜试验有２例为阳性，假阳性率１０％。结果显示：倾斜试验采用倾斜８０°、持续４５ｍｉｎ、异丙肾上腺素用量为４～６μｇ／ｍｉｎ，对不明原因晕厥的诊断，其敏感性为９０．５％、特异性为９０％、准确性为９０．２％。倾斜试验是诊断血管迷走性晕厥、指导临床治疗的一种有价值的方法。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.