在护理本科生中开展社区健康护理教育的探讨

随着医学模式的发展．目前健康情况及人们对健康的认识使护士角色在延伸．护理任务在扩展，护理本科生毕业后为社区健康护理服务已是社会的需要。在护理本科生中开展社区健康护理教育不仅能使护理专业适应社会发展的需要．而且还能促进保健事业的发展．同时也能提高护理在社会中的地位．本文对开展社区健康护理的课程目标、授课内容、方式及评价将做简单介绍。     

健康评估课程对护理专业学生健康评估观念影响的研究

目的 了解健康评估课程对护理专科生健康评估观念的影响,为改革和完善相应课程和教材体系提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,以健康评估观念测评量表为主要研究工具,对上海市2所普通高校内分别接受健康评估课程和诊断学课程教学的护理专科生,于课程结束时进行问卷调查。结果 接受不同课程教学的学生对护士在健康评估中的作用、健康评估的内涵、健康评估对护理质量的影响、评估结果的利用、护士健康评估能力教育和职业准备的必要性等方面的认识有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论 健康评估课程有利于培养学生基于护理的以人为中心的整体评估观念以及增强学生的专业意识。     

Influencing Undergraduate Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Mental Health Nursing: Acknowledging the Role of Theory

Most research designed to explore undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards mental health nursing tends to uphold clinical experience as the decisive factor, with much less attention paid to the theoretical component. This paper presents the findings of a state-wide study conducted with undergraduate nursing students in Victoria, Australia. A pre- and post-test design was used to measure students' attitudes toward people with a mental illness and toward mental health nursing and their sense of preparedness for mental health practice. A questionnaire was administered at two time points; the first time point was following completion of the mental health nursing theoretical component, and the second was following the completion of clinical experience. An additional scale was added at the second time point to evaluate students' opinions about their clinical placement. The findings indicated significantly different attitudes and opinions depending on the university students attended. The amount of theory undertaken in the course accounts for some, but not all, of this variance. However, generally the students taking courses with a larger theoretical component tended to demonstrate higher scores (suggestive of more favourable attitudes) on all of the subscales, and that these differences were sustained following the completion of the clinical placement. These findings suggest that the amount of theory students receive in mental health nursing may be more influential than the relevant literature suggests.     

Health Care Professionals Attitudes Towards Mental Illness: Observational Study Performed at a Public Health Facility in Northern Italy

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Defines stigma as the process of social oppression barring persons with mental illness from enjoying social interaction through discrimination, exclusion and denial of human and social rights. Modern stereotypes still portray the mentally ill as guilty, unpredictable and violent. Observational studies report how healthcare professionals, including nurses, are often part of the stigma. Such phenomenon belittles the needs of people seeking mental care. The aim of this study is to describe attitudes held by psychiatric nurses and mental care professionals from different care settings of an Italian Healthcare Facility, towards the mentally ill and to identify any associated factors. Mental health care professionals were recruited for this observational study from 10 Italian different psychiatric care units. The Italian version of the Community Attitudes Mentally Ill inventory (CAMI-I) was validated and used for this study. 120 completed questionnaires were deemed valid. Optimal internal consistency (α = 0.856) was measured by calculating Cronbach's Alpha for the CAMI-I. Demographic variables were correlated to items grouped into three factors of the CAMI-I (authoritarian attitudes, benevolence, social restrictiveness). Parametric test (ANOVA) highlight significant differences between CAMI-I results for different demographic variables. Significant data were obtained by comparing responses for each factor of the CAMI-i per professional profile. All healthcare professionals studied show sensitivity and positive attitude towards mental illness. Positive approaches to mental illness contribute towards easing therapeutic care and recovery in patient-centred care. CAMI-I will be a useful tool to identifying discriminatory approaches and sensitize health professionals in Italy.     

Beliefs about prognosis and outcomes for people with mental disorders: A cross-cultural study of Bachelor of Nursing students from the US and China

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the US and Chinese Bachelor of Nursing students' beliefs about prognosis and long-term outcomes for people with depression and schizophrenia following interventions. A total of 310 nursing students in the US (n?=?152) and China (n?=?158) completed a survey questionnaire between April 2016 and April 2017. Overall, the Chinese students rated prognosis and outcomes more negatively than did the US students. The main finding suggests the need for cultural-specific pedagogical considerations to be given to mental health education in undergraduate nursing curricula in the US and China.     

护生对待死亡及临终关怀态度的调查

目的了解护生对待死亡及临终关怀的态度,为护理专业开展相关教育提供依据。方法 2013年9月选取华中科技大学护理系本科及专科护生519名,采用死亡及临终关怀态度问卷进行调查。内容包括对个人死亡及濒死的态度、对患者死亡及濒死的态度、对临终关怀照护的态度、认为自己了解临终关怀学和认为自己有必要学习临终关怀知识5个主题,共13个条目。结果所调查护生总体具有较积极的死亡观和临终关怀照护态度,但在心理、知识和技能方面尚不能满足临终关怀服务的需求。不同性别、学历和家庭背景护生对待死亡及临终关怀的态度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);是否学习过临终关怀课程及参加临床护理实习对护生了解临终关怀学有显著性影响(P<0.01),但对护生对待死亡及临终关怀的态度无显著性影响。结论目前关于死亡及临终关怀教育有待改进,强化理论知识的同时应注重对护生心理素质和技能的培养,根据护生不同性别、学历和家庭背景实施不同的死亡与临床关怀教育,有助于提升护生的专业水平。     

The Impact of Mental Health Nursing Module,Clinical Practice and an Anti-Stigma Program on Nursing Students' Attitudes toward Mental Illness: A Quasi-Experimental Study

BackgroundIt is important to support nursing students during their education in developing positive attitudes toward people with mental illness.ObjectivesTo examine the impact of mental health nursing module, clinical practice, and anti-stigma program on the attitudes of nursing students toward mental illness.DesignThe study was a single group pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design.SettingsThis study was conducted in a nursing school in the west of Turkey.ParticipantsThe sample of the study consisted of 64 undergraduate nursing students.MethodsThe data were collected through the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale and Social Distance Scale.ResultsThe mean scores of the dangerousness subscale significantly decreased after mental health nursing module, clinical practice and anti-stigma program. The results revealed significant positive differences in the mean scores of the social distance scale after the theory, clinical practice, and anti-stigma program were completed.ConclusionsThe mental health nursing curriculum should be focused on replacing stereotypes with accurate information. Anti-stigma programs should be included in standard mental health nursing courses.     

医学生选修课《老年健康保健与护理》的教学实践与思考

目的探讨选修课《老年健康保健与护理》教学效果和意义。方法采用问卷调查,了解学生选修目的、对教学的意见及学习收获等。结果学生全部选择了“向自己家人和群众进行卫生宣教”这一学习目的,并认为开设该课程很有必要;87%的学生认为教学内容合适,95%的学生感到收获很大,部分学生还对教学内容的增减提出了很好的建议。结论开设《老年健康保健与护理》选修课,对适应人口老龄化的发展、满足老年人健康需求,培养医学生多元化角色功能和综合素质有重要意义。     

自学-辅导式教学模式在<基础护理学>教学中的应用

为探索适合我国护理本科生的素质教育之路,在《基础护理学》教学中应用“自学－辅导式”教学模式,采取自学－讨论－启发－练习和总结的教学模式组织教学。通过对９５级至９８级共８５名学生的问卷调查,结果表明：该模式对提高学生沟通交流能力、促使学生积极参与课堂教学、提高学生独立发现问题和解决问题的能力以及培养同学间的合作精神等方面得到了学生的认可。     

护理本科藏族学生中医护理课程学习特点的质性研究

目的探讨跨文化背景下,内地护理本科藏族学生中医护理课程学习特点。方法2019年3月,目的抽样法选取浙江省已学习中医护理课程的18名本科藏族护生为研究对象,采用质性研究法,对其进行半结构式访谈;并采用传统内容分析法进行资料分析。结果共提炼归纳出3个主题:学习动机的发生发展;缺乏学习迁移策略;存在文化适应性问题。结论本科藏族护生学习中医护理动机逐步明确,但缺乏有效的学习方法和学习计划,对中医护理文化内涵缺乏了解。考虑到藏族护生的自身特点,中医护理教育者应针对具体原因,制定相应的教学改革模式,融合民族特色,减少文化差异对课程学习带来的冲击。     

Promotion of role clarification in the Health Care Team Challenge

Interprofessional collaboration has consistently been associated with positive client-care outcomes. Role clarification is one facet of interprofessional collaboration that is thought to be crucial for effective interprofessional team functioning. Given the positive outcomes associated with interprofessional collaboration, educators have begun to integrate formal interprofessional education events into healthcare curricula. The Health Care Team Challenge (HCTC) is a collaborative competition designed to promote interprofessional competencies among students in healthcare fields. The current study empirically investigated whether this event promoted role clarification among participants. Sixteen participants in five healthcare professions (occupational therapy, physiotherapy, clinical psychology, nursing, and medicine) completed two questionnaires to assess role clarification before and after participating in this event. Results indicate that participants’ understanding of their own and other professions’ roles improved after participating in this team activity. These results suggest that the HCTC is effective in promoting role clarification and collaboration among healthcare students.     

学生小讲课在外科护理学教学中的尝试及效果

目的 探讨以学生为主体的小讲课教学方法在外科护理学教学中的应用及效果.方法 以护理专业2006级、2007级本科班学生为对象,教师根据教学大纲要求,选择小讲课内容,开展以学生为主体的小讲课.结果 赞成开展小讲课的学生占90.77%,认为改善了师生间的合作关系占93.85%,学生的学习成绩明显高于传统教学法(P<0.05).结论 小讲课有利于学生的综合能力培养,激发学生的求知欲,改变教师传统的教学观念.