24 h食管pH监测在婴儿难治性肺炎中的临床应用研究

目的探讨24h食管pH监测在婴儿难治性肺炎中的临床应用及其意义。方法对57例难治性肺炎患儿进行24h食管pH监测,监测指标包括食管pH〈4.0的次数、反流时间≥5min的次数、最长反流时间、卧位pH值〈4的时间占总监测时间的百分比和Biox-Ochoa评分。结果57例中存在胃食管反流（GER）28例（占49.1%）;有呕吐与无呕吐症状患儿各项反流指标比较差异有统计学意义;伴有胃食管反流患儿经促动力剂治疗者,肺部罗音消失时间和咳嗽持续时间均较未用促动力剂治疗者短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论难治性肺炎患儿经正规抗炎治疗效果不佳者,应考虑是否合并胃食管反流,进行24h食管pH监测,以确定病因并指导治疗。     

婴幼儿胃食管反流与呼吸道感染的关系探讨

目的探讨婴幼儿阶段胃食管反流与呼吸道感染的关系。方法用便携式24h食管pH监测仪记录食管下端pH值变化。观察组89例,平均年龄(10.5±0.9)个月,系因下呼吸道感染在呼吸科病房住院患儿,符合下述3条件之一①3个月内有下呼吸道感染史≥1次;②咳嗽喘息经过治疗≥半个月仍不愈;③溢乳史。对照组为26例健康儿,平均年龄(13.7±2.1)个月。结果观察组5项反流指标均高于对照组,差异有显著性(P均<0.001)。观察组病理性GER的检出率为79.8%(71/89例),显著高于对照组(χ2=49.554,P<0.01)。呼吸道感染合并GER的患儿在总反流次数、反流时间≥5min的次数和最长反流时间上婴儿高于幼儿,差异有显著性(P<0.01或<0.05);总pH<4时间百分比和综合评分也是婴儿较幼儿高(P<0.01)。呼吸道感染合并GER的患儿体重偏重眼体重大于第80百分位(P80)演占40.8%(29/71例)。婴儿GER患儿中体重偏重者占一半,与幼儿GER相比,差异有显著性。结论在婴儿期胃食管反流症状较幼儿期常见,溢乳和体重偏重有关;婴幼儿时期胃食管反流病与反复呼吸道感染、呼吸道炎症不愈以及部分哮喘有关。     

新生儿肺炎30例24 h食管酸碱度监测的意义

目的探讨肺炎新生儿导致胃肠功能减退引起胃食管反流的相关性。方法用24h动态pH记录仪监测30例肺炎新生儿的24h食管pH值,以30例健康新生儿作为对照,记录反流发生次数、反流超过5min次数、最长反流持续时间、食管pH<4总时间、反流指数及病理性反流发生次数,并作分析。结果肺炎新生儿组反流发生次数、反流超过5min次数、最长反流持续时间、食管pH<4总时间、反流指数分别是(21.8±9.2)次、(3.7±1.6)次、(7.9±5.0)min、(30.4±13.5)min、(3.6±1.8)%,均高于健康对照组[(16.5±7.3)次、(1.1±0.3)次、(5.4±1.8)min、(23.7±10.2)min、(2.9±0.9)%],均有显著差异(Pa<0.05);病理性反流发生率为33.3%,高于对照组10.0%,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论肺炎新生儿胃肠功能较差,较一般新生儿更易发生胃食管反流。     

小儿慢性咽喉炎与胃食管反流的关系

目的探讨小儿慢性咽喉炎与胃食管反流（GER）的关系。方法对37例慢性咽喉炎患儿进行24h食管pH监测,30例无症状儿作为对照。结果病例组各项食管酸反流指标如酸反流次数、反流≥5min次数、最长反流时间、酸性反流指数及Boix-Ochoa综合评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（Z=2.673～4.144,P均〈0.01）。病例组GER检出率（40.5%,15/37例）高于对照组（3.3%,1/30例）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=12.617,P〈0.01）。结论GER与小儿慢性咽喉炎关系密切;对常规治疗效果差的慢性咽喉炎患儿要考虑到GER的可能,及时进行有关检测。     

近端食管胃酸反流与胃食管反流患儿呼吸道症状的关系

目的了解胃食管反流(GER)患儿近端食管胃酸反流与呼吸道症状发生的关系。方法采用食管双pH动态监测法，对31例单纯性呕吐、23例伴有反复呼吸道症状的GER患儿同时监测食管近端和远端pH值的变化，以35例健康儿作为对照组。结果单纯呕吐组远端食管各项酸反流指标、近端食管酸反流指标除最长反流时间外均大于对照组，差异有显著性；呼吸道症状组远端食管、近端食管各项酸反流指标均大于对照组，差异有显著性；但单纯呕吐组与呼吸道症状组相比较，无论在近端食管还是在远端食管，各项指标的差异无显著性；病例组远端食管各项酸反流指标均大于近端食管，差异有显著性。结论近端食管酸反流并不是GER患儿发生呼吸道症状的主要因素，而远端食管酸反流是小儿GER的主要反流形式。     

儿童重症肺炎与胃食管反流关系的临床研究

目的 了解重症肺炎患儿胃食管反流(gastroesophageal reflux,GER)的发生及其影响因素.方法 对2009年2月至2011年2月于我科PICU就诊的确诊为重症肺炎患儿25例(肺炎组)和正常儿童10例(对照组)进行连续食管pH监测,监测时间包括鼻饲前1h和餐后3h.结果 肺炎组GER发生率为60.0％(15/25),对照组GER发生率为20.0％(2/10),两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2 =4.58,P＜0.05).肺炎组GER 84.5％出现于咳嗽/吸痰和腹部压力增加时.肺炎组与对照组各项反流指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).重症肺炎患儿中伴GER者高血糖、腹胀、脓毒症、使用糖皮质激素的发生率明显高于不伴GER者(P均＜0.05).结论 重症肺炎儿童GER发病率高,表现为酸反流次数增加,酸清除能力降低.GER发生与疾病的严重程度相关.     

小儿消化系统疾病临床研究进展

1 胃肠动力性疾病 该领域主要集中于胃食管反流(GER)相关研究,有关24h食管pH监测在儿科临床应用的报道较前增多.江米足等[1]对4048例小儿食管动态pH监测结果进行分析,其中诊断为GER 2171例,GER检出率为53.6%.     

健康儿童及病理性胃食管反流患儿食管动力功能研究

目的了解小儿食管运动的生理学,探讨小儿病理性胃食管反流(GER)发生的食管动力学基础。方法对60例健康儿童和62例经食管pH监测诊断为病理性GER的患儿用低顺应性毛细管灌注系统进行食管测压研究,并对健康儿童组不同年龄段之间,两组同一年龄段之间进行食管动力功能比较。结果健康儿童组下食管括约肌长度(LESL)随着年龄的增加而增长,胸内段和腹内段也相应增加(P＜0.01),下食管括约肌压力(LESP)以～1岁组为高(P＜0.05);上食管括约肌长度(UESL)随年龄的增加而增长(P＜0.01),上食管括约肌压力(UESP)以～1岁组和～3岁组为低(P＜0.01)。病理性反流患儿的食管动力功能,除～7岁组食管蠕动传导速度低于同一年龄段健康儿童外(P＜0.05),其余指标两组同一年龄段间的差异均无显著性。结论LESP的抗反流功能与年龄关系不大,LESL、UESL和UESP的功能3岁以后逐渐成熟,小儿病理性GER的发生与LESP、LESL关系不大。     

酸和胆汁反流在胃食管反流病中的作用

目的探讨酸和胆汁反流在小儿胃食管反流病(GERD)中的作用及这两种反流的临床意义。方法应用便携式pH监测仪及胆汁监测仪同步监测12例GERD患儿及11例健康儿童的食管内24 h pH变化和胆汁反流情况。结果GERD组食管酸暴露时间(pH<4)较对照组显著增加(P<0.05);食管胆汁反流采用胆红素吸收值≥0.14的时间百分比表示,GERD组较对照组明显增高(P<0.05),且85%GERD患儿存在酸和胆汁混合反流。结论胆汁反流和酸反流同样常见于GERD患儿,在小儿GERD发病中起重要作用,同步监测食管内pH及胆汁变化对小儿GERD的诊断具有重要意义。     

胃食管反流引起的慢性咳嗽

胃食管反流 (GER)是指胃内容物频繁地逆流到食管内 ,从而引起一系列症状的临床综合征。病理性反流伴有症状时称胃食管反流病 (GERD)。近年来GER和慢性咳嗽的因果关系越来越引起人们的重视。伴有GERD的慢性咳嗽经治疗后症状明显减轻 ,但与GER有关的慢性咳嗽患儿没有成人所具有的典型的反酸、烧心等反流症状 ,因而易造成临床医师的误诊及漏诊从而延误诊治。现结合本院 10年来对慢性咳嗽患儿进行动态 2 4h食管pH值监测的研究 ,就与GER有关的慢性咳嗽的发生率、发病机制、诊断及治疗讨论如下。1　发生率近年来GER与慢性咳嗽的关系已受…     

新生儿胃食管返流的24小时食管内pH监测

目的探讨新生儿胃食管返流食管内pH的变化及其临床意义。方法疑诊为新生儿胃食管返流36例，以无症状新生儿15例作对照。用便携式24小时食管、胃pH自动记录仪（Digitrapper型）在常态下作24小时食管内pH监测。食管pH降至4以下持续15秒钟以上定义为一次返流。结果疑诊为新生儿胃食管近流的36例中14例Boix－Ochoa评分＞11．99为病理性返流，22例为生理性返流。15例对照组中2例为生理性返流，13例为正常。结论24小时新生儿食管内pH监测为早期诊断新生儿胃食管返流提供客观依据。     

Esophagitis in distressed infants: poor diagnostic agreement between esophageal pH monitoring and histopathologic findings

OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to study the relation between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and esophagitis in infants with persistent distress. STUDY DESIGN: Infants (n = 125, 79 boys; median age, 4.2 months) with persistent distress and clinical symptoms suggestive of GER and esophagitis were retrospectively studied. All had undergone esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring and had upper gastrointestinal biopsy specimens taken. RESULTS: There were 65 (48%) infants with inflammatory changes found in at least one upper gastrointestinal biopsy specimen, of whom 32 (25.6%) had esophagitis; 11 infants with esophagitis also had gastritis or duodenitis. Although infants with frequent regurgitation (n = 65) had significantly more frequent GER episodes per 24 hours (P <.03) and greater fractional reflux time (P <.001) than infants without, this was not associated with histologic esophagitis (P =.33). Of the 32 infants with esophagitis, 9 had abnormal pH monitoring and 23 had nonreflux esophagitis. A separate group of 23 infants had abnormal pH monitoring but no esophagitis. Diagnostic agreement between pH monitoring and esophageal histologic features was poor (kappa = 0.07). CONCLUSION: Esophagitis occurred in one quarter of infants with persistent distress. Abnormal esophageal pH monitoring did not reliably predict esophagitis, suggesting a nonacid peptic cause in some of these infants.     

24-hour esophageal pH-metry in the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux pathology]

Gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) in infants was studied using 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Gastro-esophageal reflux was detected in 32/41 subjects. In our patients the main symptoms were vomiting, regurgitation, failure-to-thrive, chronic respiratory problems such as asthma, apnea, recurrent pneumonia. All patients with GER were treated appropriately with prone positioning and medical therapy (prokinetic agent and, eventually, ranitidine). Successful treatment of the reflux was obtained in all patients. In our opinion the 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring is a highly diagnostic test to identify the presence of GER and evaluate its gravity.     

Gastroesophageal reflux associated with nemaline myopathy of infancy

A severe infantile form of nemaline myopathy has a high mortality rate when untreated because of subsequent malnutrition and respiratory failure. Three infants with this condition demonstrated persistent vomiting, poor weight gain, and recurrent pneumonias. Esophageal manometry demonstrated decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressures and low amplitude peristalsis; 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring revealed significant gastroesophageal reflux. Medical therapy was ineffective in relieving symptoms. After antireflux surgery, vomiting and respiratory symptoms ceased, and there was no longer significant gastroesophageal reflux during pH monitoring. Our experience indicates that in some infants with nemaline myopathy a severe form of gastroesophageal reflux develops that is not responsive to medical therapy. Early surgical intervention may decrease life-threatening complications associated with gastroesophageal reflux in these infants.     

24 Сʱθʳ�ܶ�̬˫pH ��⼼����������θʳ�ܷ�����ؼ����е�Ӧ��

??The 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring is a widely used method in diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux diseases. It has been regarded as the diagnositic standard of these diseases. Due to the technical limitation?? the traditional pH monitoring can only show the acid refluxes in the lower esophagus instead of the mixed and alkaline ones. As a result?? there is inevitably a proportional rate of misdiagnosis in the traditional pH monitoring. The 24-hour gastric and esophageal double pH monitoring can perfectly solve this problem. In this method?? both the gastric and esophageal pH is recorded for 24 hours. Both the acid refluxes in the lower esophagus and the duodenogastric reflux and the mixed and alkaline refluxes can be clearly demonstrated. With improvement of accuracy?? the 24-hour gastric and esophageal double pH monitoring has been used in adults and adolescent?? but rarely in the neonates. In this paper??the key point of this method and its application in neonates and prematures was reviewed and introduced.     

窒息后新生儿胃食管测压及双pH监测的研究

目的探讨出生窒息对新生儿胃肠运动功能的影响。方法用多导生理记录仪测定了３５例窒息后新生儿和１７名对照新生儿的食管和胃内压力，并用晶体锑双ｐＨ微电极和便携式２４小时ｐＨ记录仪，对受试者进行了２４小时胃食管双ｐＨ动态监测。结果两组食管及胃内测压差异不显著；双ｐＨ动态监测发现，窒息组反映酸性胃食管返流的各项参数均明显高于对照组，其中酸性返流指数窒息组／对照组为７．１／１．３；返流次数为１３７．４／２８．５；返流＞５分钟的次数５．９／０．７；ｐＨ＜４总时间１５７．０／２０．１；食管廓清时间１．０／０．４，差异均有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论窒息后新生儿酸性胃食管返流较对照组明显增加，各项参数已超过病理性胃食管返流诊断标准     

Gastroesophageal reflux incidence and respiratory dysfunction during sleep in infants: treatment with cisapride

We studied the effects of positional treatment and cisapride (a new prokinetic agent) on the incidence and duration of gastroesophageal reflux in 22 infants (4-26 weeks old) in asleep, awake, fasted, and postcibal periods. In addition to gastroesophageal reflux (assessed by 24-h continuous esophageal pH monitoring), all infants presented with a disrupted irregular sleep pattern ("respiratory dysfunction") (assessed by a simultaneously performed cardiopneumogram). Reflux was particularly prominent during the sleep and fasted periods. Investigations (cardiopneumogram and esophageal pH monitoring) in the study population were repeated under treatment conditions (cisapride) after 13-16 days. All pH monitoring data with regard to the total investigation time decreased significantly (p less than 0.001). The treatment-related differences were largest in the asleep and fasted periods, but treatment data were not completely within normal ranges (established in age-matched asymptomatic infants), as they were for the awake periods. Associated symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (belching, cough, nocturnal wheezing, irritability, and restlessness at night) were evaluated before and during treatment by history. A combination of positional treatment and cisapride seemed effective (objectivated by pH monitoring data and clinical improvement); cisapride did not cause adverse reactions. The disrupted sleep pattern improved significantly or disappeared (p less than 0.001) in all infants. These data suggest that in a number of young infants, gastroesophageal reflux may be associated with a disturbed, irregular sleep of poor quality, which is characterized by a typical breathing pattern (multiple, irregularly repeated, short apneas).     

动态24小时食管pH值监测小儿胃食管返流

为了解２４小时食管ｐＨ值监测在小儿胃食管返流（ＧＥＲ）诊治中的作用，研究小儿病理性ＧＥＲ的特点及其诊断标准，对５０例经钡餐造影诊为ＧＥＲ的患儿进行动态２４小时食管内ｐＨ值监测，３０例健康小儿为对照组，复查１３例病理性ＧＥＲ患儿治疗后（９例为手术治疗）的食管ｐＨ值。结果表明，ＧＥＲ组各项返流指标显著高于对照组。对照组中１例为病理性ＧＥＲ，ＧＥＲ组３１例为病理性，另１９例则为生理性。１３例食管裂孔疝（ＨＨ）患儿均有明显的病理性返流，其各项返流指标除ｐＨ值＜４次数外均显著高于单纯病理性ＧＥＲ；ＨＨ组卧位时返流≥５分钟次数、最长返流时间、总ｐＨ值＜４的时间占总观察时间的百分比和平均返流周期均显著大于立位时；单纯病理性ＧＥＲ组卧位时返流≥５分钟次数、最长返流时间和平均返流周期显著大于立位时，而返流次数则小于立位时。提示小儿病理性ＧＥＲ以卧位时明显，伴有食管裂孔疝者返流更为严重。动态２４小时食管内ｐＨ值监测可用于小儿ＧＥＲ的诊断、分析和疗效评定。     

Application and development of pH monitoring technology in gastroesophageal reflux disease北大核心CSCD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive system disease with various symptoms or complications.Currently, pH monitoring is the most powerful technology to diagnose GERD, generally including the 24-hour dynamic esophageal pH monitoring, Bilitec bile reflux monitoring, 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring, wireless capsule pH monitoring and oropharyngeal pH monitoring.This study aims to review the development and clinical application of pH monitoring technology in GERD. © 2022 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.