经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的：评价经伤椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果及不良反应。 方法：以胸腰椎、骨折、伤椎、椎弓根螺钉、内固定为中文关键词;以thoracolumbar,fracture,Injury vertebral,Pedicle screws,Internal fixation为英文关键词,采用计算机检索1993-01/2009-10相关文章。纳入与有关经伤椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折相关的文章;排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。以22篇文献为主重点讨论经伤椎椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果及不良反应。 结果：经伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定能让胸腰骨折获得满意复位,重建椎体高度,增强脊柱的抗压稳定性,提供脊柱的长期稳定;既可有效的使胸腰椎骨折良好复位,牢固固定,又可减少内固定的松动或断裂,减少后凸的形成等内固定并发症;生物力学测试证明胸腰椎骨折伤椎椎弓根内固定能加强脊柱的稳定性;临床应用表明伤椎椎弓根内固定在技术操作上是可行的,选择合适、可靠的内固定物及工具,规范、严格地手术操作,不良反应会降低。 结论：经伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定是治疗胸腰椎骨折的可靠、有效方法,且不良反应低。     

CD2椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

背景：随着椎弓根钉的发展,经椎弓根内固定系统能够提供坚强内固定使损伤脊柱获得多平面稳定,同时具有创伤小、操作简便等优点,现已大量应用于胸腰椎骨折治疗当中。 目的：观察CD2椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的远期疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2000-01/2008-01南通市中医院骨伤科收治的胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者72例,均采用CD2椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗,于治疗前后、末次随访时拍摄腰椎正侧位X射线平片,观察置入后与随访时椎体前后缘的平均高度、植骨融合情况、脊柱后凸cobb角的变化;其中27例置入前、末次随访均行CT检查,评价椎管内占位情况;Frankel分级评价神经系统的恢复;腰痛末次随访按Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表评分。 结果与结论：72例患者均获得随访,随访时间0.5~8年,平均48个月。X射线观察置入后椎体的前、后缘高度及cobb角复位分别为6.55,2.69 mm、25.7°,随访时矫正的丢失为2.29,1.74 mm、2.6°。CT随访的27例中原椎管占位率为10%~75%,末次随访时为5%~24%。在末次随访中20例存在蛋壳现象。有神经部分损伤的患者按Frankel分级均有1级以上的恢复,完全性脊髓损伤者有部分恢复。Oswestry评分结果：0%23例,2%29例,3%5例,6%5例,8%4例,10%1例,56%1例,57%1例,80%1例,87%2例。全部患者中发生钉棒松动1例,棒断裂1例,螺钉松动2例,螺钉断裂1例。提示CD2椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折能够很好地恢复椎体的高度、生理弧度及神经功能。     

短节段椎弓根螺钉置入内固定椎体成形治疗胸腰椎骨折的生物力学检测☆

背景：为避免单纯椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗胸腰段骨折出现的内固定物松动、断裂,及合并植骨时出现的骨折不愈合、后凸畸形丢失,而发展的短节段椎弓根螺钉合并椎体成形技术治疗胸腰段骨折,临床已有应用,但其生物力学方面鲜有研究。 目的：观察应用椎弓根螺钉置入内固定椎体成形治疗胸腰椎骨折的生物力学变化。 方法：12个冻存的新鲜胸腰段脊椎(T12~L2)标本,用于制备胸腰椎骨折模型,备测试。分为3组,经皮椎体成形术组：给予经单侧椎弓根注入低黏度的含对比剂骨水泥5~7 mL;椎弓根螺钉内固定组：于T12、L2椎弓根置入螺钉;强化组：行椎弓根螺钉内固定的同时行伤椎骨水泥椎体成形术,测试各组静态最大抗压强度及刚度。 结果与结论：骨水泥分布面积皆大于50%,经皮椎体成形术组和椎弓根螺钉内固定组最大静态抗压强度与刚度均小于强化组最大强度和刚度(P < 0.05)。椎弓根螺钉内固定组椎弓根螺钉较小强度下出现弯曲,而强化组在达到极性轴向压缩强度时才出现弯曲。提示应用短节段椎弓根钉置入内固定椎体成形治疗胸腰椎骨折提高了固定的强度及刚度,并且维持了复位伤椎高度,提高了稳定性,减少了椎弓根螺钉的并发症。     

椎弓根螺钉在胸腰椎骨折置入内固定治疗中的应用及其生物相容性

目的：阐述椎弓根螺钉在胸腰椎骨折内固定治疗中的应用进展,并评价其生物相容性。 方法：由第一作者用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI：1989/2009)和Medline (1989/2009)数据库,检索词分别为“椎弓根螺钉、胸腰椎、骨折、生物相容性”和 “Pedicle screws, thoracolumbar, fractures, biocompatibility”,语言分别设定为中文和英文。共检索到57篇文章,按纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,共纳入32篇文章。从椎弓根螺钉治疗胸腰椎骨折和椎弓根螺钉并发症的防治2方面进行总结,对椎弓根螺钉临床应用进展,生物相容性,预防椎弓根螺钉断裂3方面进行探讨。 结果：后路椎弓根螺钉内固定系统是治疗胸腰椎骨折的有效方法,但内固定后易发生椎弓根螺钉断裂。联合椎弓根螺钉系统和向伤椎空腔内置入自体骨或人工材料,可以有效减少置入物的松动、断裂等并发症,但价格昂贵。内固定时充分植骨,骨折愈合后适时取出置入物能有效的防止脊柱内固定器的断裂。不锈钢材料的椎弓根螺钉强度较大,但组织相容性差。钛类内固定材料的生物相容性较好,但其刚度较小,容易断裂。 结论：椎弓根螺钉内固定系统是治疗胸腰椎骨折的最有效手段。各种椎弓根螺钉的生物相容性均有待提高,钛类椎弓根螺钉组织相容性较好,其刚度需要提高,不锈钢材料椎弓根螺钉刚度较好,但其生物相容性较差。     

椎弓根螺钉植入物断裂18例相关因素分析*

目的：分析胸腰椎骨折中椎弓根螺钉断裂的相关因素。 方法：选择2001-03/2008-03桂林医学院附属医院脊柱外科收治的胸腰段骨折行椎弓根钉内固定患者374例,其中使用不锈钢材料的246例,使用钛合金材料的128例。术后出现椎弓根钉断裂患者18例(实验组),男8例,女10例;年龄19~61岁,平均38.6岁。随机抽取18例具有可比性的未断钉治疗效果良好的患者进行对比(对照组),男9例,女9例;年龄21~57岁,平均37.5岁。阅读所有观察对象的脊柱正侧位片,测量病椎的椎间隙高度、椎弓钉位置,观察骨性融合程度和横杆使用情况。 结果：246例使用不锈钢材料的患者中12例发生断钉,断钉率4.88%。128例使用钛合金材料的患者6例发生断钉,断钉率4.69%。两者相比,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),提示椎弓根钉的断钉和其材料无明显关系。通过对实验组和对照组4个观察指标的分析,病椎椎间隙的高度与椎弓根钉的断钉无明显关系,但是椎弓根钉置入的位置、植入骨的骨性融合程度及是否使用横杆和椎弓根钉的断钉有明显关系。 结论：胸腰椎骨折中螺钉断裂与其材料性质无明显关系,与椎弓根钉位置﹑骨性融合程度、横杆使用等因素密切相关,是多因素共同作用的结果。     

单枚cage单侧椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗退行性腰椎不稳51例

背景：既往多采用双侧显露,双侧椎弓根钉置入固定治疗退行性腰椎不稳,手术风险较大,出血较多,手术时间长,费用高。 目的：探讨后路单枚cage单侧椎弓根钉置入内固定治疗退行性腰椎不稳的临床效果。 方法：采用后路椎弓根钉及椎间融合器治疗需行内固定融合的退行性腰椎不稳患者51例,男32例,女19例,年龄41~72岁;单节段47例,双节段4例。手术方法均采用单侧显露症状侧椎板及关节突,单侧置入椎弓根钉,经椎间孔入路手术切除椎间盘及软骨终板,植骨后放入单枚cage。根据日本JOA评分法评估术后疗效。 结果与结论：术中出血90~430 mL;手术时间单节段为100(85~120) min, 双节段为150(120~170) min;术后第二三天即可离床活动。术后有2例患者腰腿痛无好转,复查CT 和MRI 均未见异常,其中1 例经3 个月对症处理后腰腿痛减轻,另1 例无变化。按日本JOA 评分法评定标准,术前JOA 评分11(7~13 )分,术后1 年JOA 评分25(18~27 )分。94%患者的JOA改善率>50%。51 例患者中融合44 例,可能融合7例,融合时间为5.4(4.3~7.1) 个月。本组未发现椎弓根螺钉松动、拔出、断钉及cage 移位。说明单侧椎弓根钉及cage内固定手术方法简单,出血少,手术时间短,对脊柱结构破坏少,是治疗退行性腰椎不稳可供选择的较好方法。     

椎弓根螺钉在胸腰椎骨折置入内固定治疗中的应用及其生物相容性

目的：阐述椎弓根螺钉在胸腰椎骨折内固定治疗中的应用进展,并评价其生物相容性。 方法：第一作者应用计算机检索PubMed(1989/2009)数据库,检索关键词“Pedicle screws,thoracolumbar,fractures,biocompatibility”,限定语言种类为English;同时检索CNKI(1989/2009)数据库,检索关键词“椎弓根螺钉,胸腰椎,骨折,生物相容性”,限定语言种类为中文。共检索到57篇文章,按纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,最终纳入31篇文章。 结果：后路椎弓根螺钉内固定系统是治疗胸腰椎骨折的有效方法,但内固定后易发生椎弓根螺钉断裂。联合椎弓根螺钉系统和向伤椎空腔内置入自体骨或人工材料,可以有效减少置入物的松动、断裂等并发症,但价格昂贵。内固定时充分植骨,骨折愈合后适时取出置入物能有效的防止脊柱内固定器的断裂。不锈钢材料的椎弓根螺钉强度较大,但组织相容性差。钛类内固定材料的生物相容性较好,但其刚度较小,容易断裂。 结论：椎弓根螺钉内固定系统是治疗胸腰椎骨折的最有效手段。各种椎弓根螺钉的生物相容性均有待提高,钛类椎弓根螺钉组织相容性较好,其刚度需要提高,不锈钢材料椎弓根螺钉刚度较好,但其生物相容性较差。     

腰椎椎弓根螺钉系统断裂的三维有限元分析

背景：椎弓根螺钉系统已是最为常用的脊柱内固定器械，但其钉棒断裂在临床上仍时有发生。 目的：利用三维有限元分析腰椎椎弓根螺钉系统在临床中断裂的并发症，以期提高手术成功率。 设计、时间及地点：三维有限元分析，于2007-11/2008-03在南方医科大学珠江医院完成。 对象：选择1名成年志愿者，年龄27岁，身高174 cm，体质量63 kg，经X射线检查排除脊柱疾病。 方法：建立腰椎椎弓根螺钉系统内固定的三维有限元模型，并分别施加压缩、前屈、后伸、侧屈及旋转5种生理载荷，对比分析不同载荷下螺钉、连接棒的应力分布。 主要观察指标：不同载荷下螺钉、连接棒各部分的应力。 结果：椎弓根螺钉系统各部分于垂直压缩下的应力远小于前屈、后伸、侧屈及旋转时所受压力。垂直压缩下应力主要集中在螺钉近棒段，而在前屈、后伸、侧屈及旋转时应力主要集中在连接棒上。 结论：椎弓根内固定系统设计及类型的选择，术中的规范操作，术后康复活动的指导及保护、适时取出内固定等对预防其断裂均十分重要。     

神经外科手术机器人置入椎弓根螺钉的精准性

目的 探讨神经外科手术机器人在人体腰椎模型进行椎弓根螺钉置入的精准性.方法 利用0型臂影像系统对模型进行正侧位扫描,并三维重建,获取3D-CT数据,传入手术机器人系统,规划椎弓根螺钉的最佳进钉点和进钉方向.手术机器人系统利用3D-CT数据自动注册后,置入椎弓根螺钉.应用置钉前后的3D融合图像,按照Gertzbein-R...     

骨水泥强化椎体提高椎弓根螺钉置入后的稳定性

摘要 背景：胸腰椎退变性疾病合并骨质疏松症时,临床治疗棘手。采用椎体骨水泥灌注可增强椎弓根螺钉及脊柱稳定性。 目的：观察椎体骨水泥灌注提高椎弓根螺钉置入后稳定性在治疗骨质疏松症合并腰椎疾病的临床疗效,并分析骨水泥灌注技术参数及固定节段选择对结果的影响。 方法：39例骨质疏松症合并腰椎疾病患者采用骨水泥灌注强化椎体加椎弓根螺钉固定、椎板减压神经根松解及后外侧植骨融合治疗。术前及术后6,12,24,36个月随访进行JOA评分,计算手术改善率;行X射线片及MRI检查,并观察有无并发症发生。 结果与结论：置入螺钉过程中未发生因骨水泥渗漏、放热效应及毒性反应引起并发症;手术时间90~180 min,置入失血量600~1 000 mL,单椎体操作时间8~12 min;单椎体骨水泥用量3.5~5.0 mL。置入前JOA评分平均11分,置入后1年随访平均为23分,改善率66.7%;末次随访平均25分,改善率77.8%。1例置入后2年发生固定节段上方椎体压缩性骨折。随访期间未出现螺钉松动、断裂和脱出;无断棒现象发生。结果提示,椎体骨水泥灌注提高椎弓根螺钉置入后的稳定性,是治疗骨质疏松症合并腰椎疾病是一种可靠的方法。 关键词：骨质疏松症;腰椎;骨水泥;椎体成形;椎弓根螺钉 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.42.039     

椎弓根钉置入内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的应用进展

目的：介绍椎弓根螺钉固定技术在胸腰椎骨折治疗方面的应用和进展。 方法：第一作者应用计算机检索PubMed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)及CNKI数据库(www.cnki.net/index. htm),在标题和摘要中以“椎弓根螺钉,胸腰椎骨折,内固定”或“vertebral pedicle screw,thoracolumbar fracture,internal fixation”为检索词进行检索。选择文章与椎弓根螺钉固定的解剖学基础、生物力学分析、临床应用及优缺点相关,同一领域文献则选择近期发表或发表在权威杂志文章。共纳入31篇文献。 结果：经椎弓根内固定器能有效地恢复椎体的高度及生理弧度,使移位的骨块回复原解剖结构并加以固定,从而使神经管得以持久有效的减压。椎弓根螺钉固定能提供坚强的内固定,可以矫正畸形和维持脊柱的三维位置,提供较好的生物力学稳定性。近年来各种技术的联合应用,微创技术的发展,使得用于治疗胸腰椎骨折的后路技术种类繁多,但椎弓根固定技术是多种治疗胸腰椎骨折后路技术的基础。 结论：椎弓根螺钉固定是一种有效的胸腰椎内固定技术,它可用于各种原因引起的胸腰椎不稳,特别是胸腰椎骨折的治疗。     

Biomechanical effect of the extent of vertebral body fracture on the thoracolumbar spine with pedicle screw fixation: an in vitro study.

A fractured vertebra does not transfer load as effectively as the intact vertebra. Patients who undergo surgery using short-segment pedicle screw instrumentation for middle-column injury may experience implant failure when vertebral body comminution is ignored. The purpose of this study was to investigate biomechanical effects of the extent of vertebral body fracture on the thoracolumbar spine after pedicle screw fixation and to evaluate the biomechanical role of anterior reconstruction. Twelve fresh porcine T12-L3 specimens were harvested and divided into two groups. A 2-mm drill bit was used to create holes in the L1 vertebra with two different extents: 1/6 and 1/3 vertebral body involvement. After the pre-injury had been created, specimens were subjected to flexion-compression to create a fracture in the body of the spine. Stiffness under axial-compression and flexion-compression were measured in intact specimens, after the fractured segments had been stabilized using transpedicular fixation, and after transpedicular fixation with anterior grafting. Despite fixation of the injured spine with pedicle screw instrumentation, the axial-compression and flexion-compression stiffness was still significantly lower than that of the intact group (p<0.01). The stiffness was associated with the extent of vertebral body involvement; 1/6 vertebral body involvement was stiffer than the 1/3 involvement (p<0.01). Additional anterior grafting significantly improved stiffness compared with posterior fixation alone (p<0.01), and restored stiffness to the intact level. In any state, stiffness under axial-compression was always significantly greater than that under flexion-compression (p<0.01). In conclusion, transpedicular fixation alone cannot provide sufficient stability for thoracolumbar fractures; the construct stability is related to the extent of vertebral body involvement. Recovering mechanical properties of the anterior and middle spinal column is a valuable measure for reducing the load-sharing of the posterior instrument.     

个体优化经椎弓根置钉复位内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

背景：在日臻成熟的椎弓根螺钉应用技术中,仅满足于将螺钉置入椎弓根中是不够的,而是应根据骨折复位固定要求寻求最佳置钉通道。 目的：验证经椎弓根内固定个体化治疗胸腰椎骨折的有效性和安全性。 方法：对50例胸腰椎骨折患者内固定前X射线片和CT片进行个体化矢状面及水平面椎弓根螺钉置入角、椎弓根横径、间距、钉道深度、椎体前后高、脊柱后凸角及椎管前后径测量,确定胸腰段椎弓根钉道个体优化置钉和复位的安全范围。术中结合解剖定位标志,C臂X射线机监控置钉并复位骨折椎体,确定复位结果。 结果与结论：置钉位置良好,角度及深度适中,内固定后骨折椎体复位高度、后凸角及椎管面积改善(P < 0.01)。经2~26个月随访,骨折均愈合。提示在胸腰段椎弓根钉道个体化影像测量安全范围内,优化置入椎弓根钉和复位是保证置钉内固定安全和椎体骨折复位合理而有效的方法。     

成人颈椎椎弓根螺钉在儿童腰椎应用的可行性*

背景：由于1~3岁幼年儿童椎体发育未完全成熟,各种解剖径线相对较成人小得多,尚无幼儿专用的椎弓根螺钉固定器械,现有能够利用的直径最小的椎弓根螺钉是用于成人颈椎侧块或椎弓根固定的钉棒系统。 目的：观察将成人颈椎椎弓根螺钉应用到成年猪颈椎与幼猪腰椎固定后的生物力学对比。 方法：将6具完整新鲜成年猪颈段C3~C6脊椎标本和6具完整8周龄新鲜幼猪腰段脊柱标本自椎间盘及关节处离断,游离成单个椎体,共54个椎体108侧椎弓根。按照标准操作将成人颈椎椎弓根螺钉分别安置在成年猪颈椎标本和幼猪腰椎标本的椎弓根上,应用生物力学方法测试螺钉的最大轴向拔出力。 结果与结论：颈椎标本最大轴向拔出力高于腰椎标本,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);L1椎弓根螺钉的拔出力均值明显小于L3椎弓根螺钉的拔出力均值(P < 0.05);C5椎弓根螺钉的拔出力均值明显大于C3椎弓根螺钉的拔出力均值(P < 0.05);颈椎和腰椎标的骨密度差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01),椎体椎弓根力学数值与椎体骨密度之间存在线性正相关。说明取得了成人颈椎椎弓根螺钉在轴向拉力方面适应于幼儿腰椎的初步实验依据。     

伤椎后路椎弓根螺钉置入并椎体内植骨重建胸腰椎椎体的高度

背景：后路短节段经椎弓根内固定器械可使骨折达到近似解剖复位效果,明显提高疗效,但远期随访矫形度数丢失、内固定失败等并发症较普遍。 目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性。 方法：对73例胸腰椎骨折应用椎弓根钉棒系统后路伤椎一侧椎弓根螺钉置入内固定,对侧经椎弓根通道采用自体骨和同种异体骨行椎体内植骨。 结果与结论：73例随访6个月内均获骨性愈合,脊柱植骨融合率100%,无螺钉松动、折断。1例Frankel分级C级无变化,1例D级无变化,其余患者神经功能及腰背痛明显改善;置入后6个月损伤节段后凸平均Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘高度、椎管前后径残留程度均较治疗前明显恢复。表明经伤椎椎弓根钉置入内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗骨折可获得满意复位,重建椎体高度,增强脊柱的抗压稳定性,减少内固定因应力过大造成的断钉、矫正丢失等并发症。     

Biomechanical study of the lumbar spine using a unilateral pedicle screw fixation system

Lumbar fusion combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation has received favourable clinical reports. However, there are very few reports about the biomechanical properties of this system. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanics of a unilateral pedicle screw system with a bilateral system. Two fresh lumbar vertebral columns from human cadavers were used. Seven models were prepared by the sequential damage and spinal instrumentation of each specimen. Bending and rotation tests were performed to clarify the range of motion for each model using a 6-axis material tester that we have developed. We showed that the unilateral pedicle screw system offers only uneven fixation. This results in dispersion of rigidity depending on the direction of bending and rotation. The bilateral pedicle screw system, however, allows excellent fixation in all directions.     

Machine vision augmented reality for pedicle screw insertion during spine surgery

Implementing pedicle safe zones with augmented reality has the potential to improve operating room workflow during pedicle screw insertion. These safe zones will allow for image guidance when tracked instruments are unavailable. Using the correct screw trajectory as a reference angle for a successful screw insertion, we will determine the angles which lead to medial, lateral, superior and inferior breaches. These breaches serve as the boundaries of the safe zones. Measuring safe zones from the view of the surgical site and comparing to the radiological view will further understand the visual relationship between the radiological scans and the surgical site. Safe zones were measured on a spine phantom and were then replicated on patients. It was found that the largest causes for variance was between each of the camera views and the radiological views. The differences between the left and right cameras were insignificant. Overall, the camera angles appeared to be larger than the radiological angles. The magnification effect found in the surgical site result in an increased level of angle sensitivity for pedicle screw insertion techniques. By designing a virtual road map on top of the surgical site directly using tracked tools, the magnification effect is already taken into consideration during surgery. Future initiatives include the use of an augmented reality headset.     

Post-operative bracing after pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures: A cost-effectiveness study

PurposeWhile frequently prescribed to patients following fixation for spine trauma, the utility of spinal orthoses during the post-operative period is poorly described in the literature. In this study, we calculated rates of reoperation and performed a decision analysis to determine the utility of bracing following pedicle screw fixation for thoracic and lumbar burst fractures.MethodsPubmed was searched for articles published between 2005 and 2015 for terms related to pedicle screw fixation of thoracolumbar fractures. Additionally, a database of neurosurgical patients operated on within the authors institution was also used in the analysis. Incidences of significant adverse events (wound revision for either dehiscence or infection or re-operation for non-union or instability due to hardware failure) were determined. Pooled means and variances of reported parameters were obtained using a random-effects, inverse variance meta-analytic model for observational data. Utilities for surgical outcome and complications were assigned using previously published values.ResultsOf the 225 abstracts reviewed, 48 articles were included in the study, yielding a total of 1957 patients. After including patients from the institutional registry, together a total of 2081 patients were included in the final analysis, 1328 of whom were braced. Non-braced patients were older then braced patients, although this only approached significance (p = 0.051). Braced patients had significantly lower rates of re-operation for non-union or clinically significant hardware failure (1.3% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001) although the groups had comparable rates of operative wound dehiscence and infection (p = 1.000). These two approaches yielded comparable utility scores (p = 0.120). Costs between braced and non-braced patients were comparable excluding the cost of the brace (p = 0.256); hence, the added cost of the brace suggests that bracing post-operatively is not a cost effective measure.ConclusionsBracing following operative stabilization of thoracolumbar fracture does not significantly improve stability, nor does it increase wound complications. Moreover, our data suggests that post-operative bracing may not be a cost-effective measure.     

双侧钉棒及同侧单钉棒置入内固定的生物力学比较

背景：腰椎失稳、腰椎滑脱等腰椎退行性疾病常常需要实施腰椎融合,其目标是稳定脊柱,但究竟采取何种内固定方式仍存在争论。 目的：比较单侧与双侧经椎间孔减压椎体间融合治疗腰椎退行性病变的生物力学差异。 方法：人新鲜尸体腰椎标本6具,L4~5模拟微创经椎间孔减压椎体间融合,根据不同的内固定组合方式分为2组,即双侧钉棒组及同侧单钉棒组。在生物力学试验机上测量各种固定方式不同工况下的运动范围(ROM值),并进行比较。 结果与结论：以完整的腰椎运动单元为参照,两固定组的ROM值均低于对照组(P < 0.05)。其中双侧钉棒组在各工况下ROM值均显著低于同侧单钉棒组(P < 0.05)。提示在生物力学实验中,单侧椎弓根螺钉固定椎间融合生物力学性能优良,刚度适中,腰椎可获得可靠的稳定性。但与双侧钉棒固定比较,单钉棒方式仍然存在差距。