男性不育症患者生殖道解脲支原体感染与细胞因子、自身抗体的相关性研究

目的:探讨男性不育症生殖道解脲支原体(UU)感染与细胞因子水平及自身抗体的相关性。方法:按WHO的标准对生育组和不育组(包括少精组、弱精组及无精组)进行精液常规分析,解脲支原体培养;采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测血液和(或)精浆IL-2、IL-6、TNF、AcAb的水平;采用混合抗球蛋白反应试验(MAR)法检测AsAb;采用间接免疫荧光(IFA)法检测ANA。结果:与生育组比较,无精组血液和精浆中IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α水平显著增高,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);弱精症组血液及精浆IL-6水平与生育组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血液及精浆IL-2、TNF-α水平与生育组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);少精症组血液和精浆中IL-2及血清IL-6与生育组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在生殖道解脲支原体的培养中不育各组的阳性率均高于生育组;在AsAb、AcAb、ANA的检测中,不育症各组的阳性率均高于对照组,用IFA检测ANA阳性结果中发现,ANA核型均为胞浆颗粒/核颗粒型,而弱精症血清以及不育症各组精浆中未检测出AcAb、ANA。结论:男性生殖道UU感染可诱生细胞因子,打破细胞因子间的平衡,引起体内自身抗体的产生;同时也会影响精液质量,与男性不育密切相关;对男性不育症患者上述指标的检测,并探讨感染、细胞因子及自身抗体之间的相关性,可为不育症的诊断与治疗提供实验依据。     

精浆IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量测定对男性不育症患者的诊断价值

目的：观察男性不育症患者精浆中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）含量与精子部分功能指标关系。方法：应用放射免疫分析技术对118例男性不育症和22例正常生育者精浆中IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量进行检测并分析。根据精子密度将不育症患者分为A组（精子密度≥20×10^6/ml）、B组（精子密度〈20×10^6/ml）和C组（无精子症者）3组;根据精子活力、活率将A组分别分为精子活力正常组和不良组,精子活率正常组和下降组;根据精液中白细胞（WBC）数量将不育症患者分为WBC精液组和非WBC精液组。结果：不育症组精浆IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量显著高于生育组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;不育症组精浆中IL-1β含量在精子活力正常与不良、WBC精液组与非WBC精液组之间存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）;IL-8含量在精子活率正常与减少、WBC精液组与非WBC精液组之间有统计学差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;TNF-α含量在不育症组精子活力、活率正常与不良之间均有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：精浆中IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α含量与男性生殖密切相关,其含量变化可反映生殖系统局部的免疫状态和感染情况,并影响精子的运动功能,含量测定可为不育症诊治提供参考。     

解脲脲支原体感染对男性不育的影响

目的 探讨解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染对男性不育患者的影响.方法 采用培养法对98例男性不育症患者进行Uu检测,分析Uu感染对精子质量和形态的影响.结果 Uu阳性组患者精液液化时间、pH值、精子畸形率显著高于Uu阴性组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Uu阳性组精子活动力和精子活动率显著低于Uu阴性组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Uu阳性组正常形态精子百分率低于Uu阴性组;Uu阳性组异常形态精子百分率高于Uu阴性组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 Uu感染是男性不育患者精液质量下降的重要原因之一,预防和及时治疗Uu感染,对防治不育症有重要意义.     

盆腔粘连与衣原体属及支原体属感染的相关性分析

目的 探讨沙眼衣原体(Ct)和解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染与盆腔粘连的关系,为盆腔粘连的预防提供理论依据.方法 2009年1月-2012年1月在医院接受手术治疗的90例盆腔粘连的患者为病例组,100例未发现盆腔粘连的患者为对照组,检测两组患者Ct和Uu感染情况.结果 病例组患者Ct和Uu阳性率为37.78％、46.67％,明显高于对照组的8.00％、12.00％,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),并且盆腔粘连严重程度均与Ct、Uu感染呈现明显的正相关(r=7.96;7.84,P＜0.01).结论 Ct和Uu感染是导致盆腔粘连重要致病因素,应重视Ct和Uu的检测.     

解脲脲支原体和沙眼衣原体感染对精液的影响

目的 研究男性生殖道解脲脲支原体(Uu)和沙眼衣原体(Ct)感染对精液的影响.方法 对228例不育患者和132例生育男性的精液进行Uu培养和Ct抗原检测,按检测结果分不育组和生育组,对两组精液量、精子密度、活率、活力、液化时间、正常形态率、畸形率、死亡率进行比较.结果 不育组患者228例中Uu、Ct感染率75.9%明显高于生育组28.0%;不育组的精子密度、活率、活力、正常形态率明显低于生育组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);pH值、液化时间、死亡率、畸形率明显高于生育组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而精液量两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 生殖道Uu和Ct感染,对精液多项参数有影响,精液整体质量下降.     

胎膜早破与孕产妇生殖道支原体属及细菌感染的关系探讨

目的 探讨胎膜早破与孕产妇生殖道解脲脲支原体(Uu)、沙眼衣原体(Ct)及细菌感染的关系.方法 选择医院2008年1月-2010年1月收治的156例胎膜早破的孕产妇作为观察组,随机抽取同一时期足月妊娠的孕产妇160例作为对照组,对其生殖道分泌物进行Uu、Ct及细菌感染检测,比较两组的检测结果.结果 观察组孕产妇生殖道分泌物的总阳性率为88.5％,与对照组总阳性率58.8％比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 胎膜早破孕产妇病因与Uu、Ct感染密切相关,同时胎膜早破合并Uu、Ct给孕产妇及围产儿带来不良的后果,因此应针对病因做好一系列的防治措施,提高孕产妇及围产儿的生活质量.     

男性精浆IL-8、TNF-α水平与精子动态参数关系

目的 研究男性不育症患者精浆白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)含量与精子活力、活率等动态参数的相互关系.方法 对75例男性不育症患者(精子密度≥20×10<'6>/mL)和22名正常生育者进行精液常规参数测定,根据精子活力、活率将男性不育症分别分为精子活力正常组[(a+b)≥50%]和不良组[(a+b)<50%],精子活率正常组(≥60%)和下降组(<60%).应用放射免疫分析技术对精浆中IL-8、TNF-α含量进行检测分析.结果 精子活力、精子活率、精子运动速度等多项动态参数及精浆IL-8和TNF-α含量在生育组与不育组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);TNF-α含量在精子活力正常/不良组、精子活率正常/下降组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);精浆IL-8在精子活率正常/下降组之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).不育组精浆TNF-α含量与精子活力[(a+b)%]、精子活率、精子直线速度(μm/s)、精子曲线速度(μm/s)、平均路径速度(μm/s)呈负相关,r分别为-0.45,-0.42,-0.31,-0.33,-0.32(均P<0.05).精浆几-8含量与精子活率呈负相关,r=-0.39(P<0.05),而与其他动态指标均无明显相关性.结论 精浆中IL-8、TNF-α含量与男性精子的动态参数密切相关,可反映不育男性的精子运动功能,为探讨男性不育的发病机制以及临床治疗提供依据.     

解脲支原体和人型支原体共同感染PROM孕妇耐药特征及细胞因子变化

目的 探讨人型支原体(Mh)和解脲支原体(Uu)合并感染胎膜早破(PROM)孕妇耐药特征及细胞因子改变。方法 选取大连市妇女儿童医疗中心产科2018年5月-2019年12月收治的胎膜早破并生殖道支原体感染孕妇84例作为研究对象，分为Uu组(n=71)和Uu+Mh组(n=13),选择同期医院收治的非感染性胎膜早破孕妇60例作为非感染组。分析耐药特征，比较三组产妇妊娠结局和血清中Toll受体2(TLR2)、Toll受体4(TLR4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平。结果 Uu组红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素和交沙霉素敏感率较高，Uu+Mh组红霉素和交沙霉素敏感率较高；Uu+Mh组绒毛膜羊膜炎及新生儿感染发生率高于Uu组及非感染组(P<0.05),出生时孕周、新生儿体质量及Apgar评分低于Uu组及非感染组(P<0.05),Uu组绒毛膜羊膜炎及新生儿感染发生率高于非感染组(P<0.05),出生时孕周、新生儿体质量及Apgar评分低于非感染组(P<0.05);Uu+Mh组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平高于Uu组及非感染组(P<0.05),Uu组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平高于非感染组(P<0.05)。结论 胎膜早破合并生殖道支原体感染可能与IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α上调表达有关，应加强产前的生殖道病原检查，根据其耐药特征给予针对性的治疗。     

支原体属及沙眼衣原体感染与胚胎停止发育的临床观察

目的 探讨官颈支原体属、沙眼衣原体(Ct)与胚胎停止发育之间的关系以指导临床预防、治疗.方法 采用培养、鉴定、药敏一体化试剂盒及免疫层析法对82例胚胎停止发育患者(胎停育组)和同期82例正常妊娠者(正常组)的宫颈分泌物进行解脲脲支原体(Uu)、人支原体(Mh)及Ct的检测,比较两组Uu、Mh、Ct的阳性率,并对支原体属培养测定结果阳性者行药敏试验.结果 胎停育组阳性率Uu为73.17％、Mh为21.83％、Uu+ Mh为18.17％、Ct为28.05％;正常组阳性率Uu为43.90％、Mh为9.76％、Uu+Mh为3.66％、Ct12.10％,两组阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01、P＜0.05);两组Uu、Mh对克拉霉素、米诺环素、多西环素、阿奇霉素、罗红霉素、氧氟沙星的敏感率分别为96.6％ 、61.6％、60.6％、53.3％、49.9％、31.9％.结论 官颈支原体属、Ct感染与胚胎停止发育密切相关,是导致胚胎停止发育的原因之一,支原体属药敏试验结果以克拉霉素为最敏感.     

宫颈分泌物支原体属与衣原体属感染检测及药敏分析

目的 探讨1286例女性宫颈分泌物支原体属、衣原体属感染状况,分析其耐药性,为临床治疗提供依据.方法 选择2011年1月-2012年12月在医院就诊的1286例女性患者,取宫颈分泌物,采用培养法检测支原属体并进行药敏试验,采用单克隆抗体胶体金法对衣原体属进行检测.结果 1286例女性患者中,沙眼衣原体(Ct)阳性106例,阳性率8.2％;支原体属阳性568例,阳性率44.1％,其中人支原体(Mh)阳性42例,阳性率3.2％、解脲脲支原体(Uu)阳性368例,阳性率28.6％,Uu+ Mh阳性158例,阳性率12.3％;Uu+Ct混合感染41例,阳性率3.2％;支原体属药敏试验结果显示,单纯Uu和Mh红霉素均保持比较高的耐药性,两者混合感染的耐药性加强.结论 对女性生殖道疾病患者进行支原体属、衣原体属检查,并进行药敏试验,可以有效指导临床用药.     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.