个性化护理干预在慢性荨麻疹患者护理中的效果

目的：探讨个性化护理干预对慢性荨麻疹患者的临床疗效。方法选取72例慢性荨麻疹患者随机分为两组，对照组36例给予常规的药物治疗，研究组36例给予除药物治疗外，给予个性化护理干预，比较两组患者疗效。结果经过不同治疗，两组患者生活质量均有所提高，而研究组的提高水平显著高于对照组；同时，研究组的有效率（94.44%）明显高于对照组（77.78%），两组之间的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对慢性荨麻疹患者实施个性化护理干预，可以显著增强治疗效果，提高生活质量，适合推广。     

荨麻疹患者临床特征及护理干预分析

目的观察荨麻疹患者的临床特征,分析对其的护理要点。方法将经确诊的128例荨麻疹患者随机分为对照组与干预组,每组各64例。对照组内服氯雷他定治疗,干预组在对照组治疗基础上给予护理干预,对比两组患者治疗有效率。结果对照组治疗有效率为81.2%,干预组为95.3%,干预组荨麻疹治疗有效率显著高于对照组P<0.05。结论护理干预可有效提高荨麻疹患者临床治愈率,值得临床推广应用。     

个性化护理干预在慢性荨麻疹患者临床护理中的应用价值探究

目的探究个性化护理干预在慢性荨麻疹患者临床护理中的应用价值。方法选取2017年4月至2018年12月在本院接受慢性荨麻疹治疗患者64例为研究对象,采取随机表法把患者分为对照组(32例)与观察组(32例),给予对照组进行常规护理干预,而给予观察组在常规护理干预的基础上进行个性化护理干预,比较两组患者的护理效果、护理满意度以及治疗前后两组患者的生活质量指标。结果治疗后,两组患者的生活质量指标均有所提高,且观察组的提高情况更优于对照组;同时观察组的护理效果(75.00%)明显高于对照组(93.75%),观察组的护理满意度(78.13%)也高于对照组(96.88%)(P<0.05)。结论采用个性化护理干预对慢性荨麻疹患者进行护理干预,能使护理效果进一步提升,改善患者的生活质量,且患者的依从性高,具有推广应用价值。     

胃癌患者围手术期临床护理分析

目的探讨胃癌围手术期临床护理的有效方法。方法选取2010年1月~2013年10月在我院接受手术治疗的100例胃癌患者为研究对象,平均分成两组,实验组与对照组,每组各50例。给予对照组患者一般传统护理,实验组患者实施护理干预,比较两组患者的临床护理疗效和患者的满意度。结果实验组患者在手术时间、出血量、住院时间、住院费用等方面均较对照组明显减少;实验组患者对护理的满意度评分也较对照组有明显提高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于胃癌患者,在围手术期实施护理干预能够显著提高患者的临床护理疗效,从而有效减小患者的痛苦,同时提高患者对护理的满意度,减少护患纠纷的发生,是临床有效的护理方法,值得在临床上推广。     

神经内科护理干预对脑卒中康复的临床研究

目的探讨神经内科脑卒中患者实施康复护理干预的临床效果。方法 65例脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组（33例）和对照组（32例）。对照组给予常规治疗及神经内科护理干预中的基础护理,治疗组在对照组基础上实施康复护理干预,3个月后评价临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为93.75%,对照组总有效率为84.85%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论脑卒中患者在常规治疗基础上实施康复护理能有效降低患者肢体瘫痪发生率,有助于患者神经功能的康复,可提高患者预后及生活质量。     

护理干预在荨麻疹患者护理中的临床效果分析

目的:分析护理干预在荨麻疹患者护理中的应用效果。方法:选取我院2016年5月~2017年5月收治的78例荨麻疹患者,根据患者编号分组,将78例患者分为观察组(n=39)、对照组(n=39)。观察组接受护理干预,对照组接受常规护理,使用统计学软件SPSS19.0,对比两组患者护理效果的差异。结果:观察组护理总有效率94.87%,对照组护理总有效率74.36%,组间对比差异显著,P0.05。观察组和对照组护理满意度的数据对比显示为:92.31%、69.23%,组间比较差异突出,P0.05。结论:荨麻疹护理中实施护理干预,可提高患者的护理效果、护理满意度,值得临床方面予以应用和推广。     

高龄急性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜胆囊手术的护理观察

目的:探讨观察高龄急性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜胆囊手术的护理效果。方法:选取我院于2016年1月-2017年5月收治的高龄急性胆囊炎患者60例,将所有患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组包括30例患者,两组患者均行腹腔镜胆囊手术,对照组患者实施常规临床护理措施,实验组患者在对照组基础上实施综合护理干预,记录并比较两组患者的治疗有效率、并发症发生情况等临床指标。结果:两组患者治疗有效率比较,实验组治疗总有效率为93.33%,对照组为73.33%,实验组治疗有效率显著优于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者并发症发生情况比较,实验组患者的术后并发症发生两次率显著低于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者护理满意度比较,实验组患者的护理满意度为96.67%,显著优于对照组的76.67%,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高龄急性胆囊炎患者腹腔镜胆囊手术治疗中综合护理干预的应用效果较好,可以显著提升治疗有效率,改善患者临床症状,提高护理满意度,且无严重并发症,具有较高安全性,具有临床应用价值。     

心理护理干预对消化性溃疡患者治疗依从性及疗效的影响

目的 探讨心理护理干预对消化性溃疡的治疗依从性及疗效的重要意义。方法 消化性溃疡患者70例,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,每组35例。实验组在采用常规护理的同时实施心理护理干预;对照组只采用常规护理,两组患者的用药方案一致,比较其治疗依从性和疗效。结果 实验组和对照组患者的治疗总有效率分别为91.43%和77.14%;治疗依从率分别为94.29%和71.43%,两组数据的差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 治疗消化性溃疡时运用心理护理干预,患者的治疗依从性较高,治疗效果较好。心理护理对消化性溃疡的治疗有重要的应用价值。     

痔疮患者系统护理干预的效果评价

目的探讨系统护理干预对痔疮患者临床疗效的影响。方法选择痔疮患者142例,随机分成对照组和治疗组各71例,对照组给予常规护理,治疗组在常规护理的基础上给予系统护理干预,将两组的临床疗效进行观察比较。结果治疗组显效41例(57.75%),总有效率91.55%;对照组显效29例(40.85%),总有效率67.61%。治疗组明显优于对照组,经统计学处理差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论对痔疮患者实施系统护理干预,可以明显减轻患者的痛苦,显著降低并发症的发生率,有效提高患者的临床疗效。     

假进食对阑尾炎术后早期康复护理效果观察

目的探讨对阑尾炎患者术后采用假进食护理的临床疗效。方法选择2012年1月～2013年3月期间我院收治的阑尾炎手术患者共100例,按不同护理方法分为实验组和对照组各50例,对照组常规护理,实验组在此基础上再采用假进食等特殊护理干预,比较两组临床疗效。结果实验组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间及住院天数均较对照组短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组患者术后并发症发生率为18.0%,而实验组患者仅1.2%,明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组患者满意度为94%明显优于对照组的84%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对阑尾炎患者术后实施假进食、肛门注入开塞露等护理干预能加快患者胃肠功能恢复时间,缩短住院时间,减少治疗费用,提高患者满意度,值得基层医院推广应用。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.