2型糖尿病患者外周血白细胞计数与尿白蛋白相关性的分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者外周血白细胞计数与尿白蛋白相关性情况。方法选取笔者所在医院2型糖尿病患者90例作为观察组,同时选取同期健康体检者100例作为对照组。结果两组肝功、肾功能差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组血糖明显高于对照组,观察组白细胞总数、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和尿白蛋白均明显高于对照组,而淋巴细胞明显低于健康对照组,2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白和白细胞总数、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞呈明显正相关,而与淋巴细胞呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者外周血白细胞计数和尿白蛋白具有明显的相关性,其可能和糖尿病的肾脏损伤密切相关。     

全自动贝克曼Ac.T5df五分类血液分析仪与显微镜白细胞分类的比较

目的比较使用全自动贝克曼Ac.T5df五分类血液分析仪和显微镜检测白细胞的分类情况,对其检测结果的准确性进行研究。方法选取我院2015年10月至2016年5月住院部患者、门诊就诊患者以及健康体检者的静脉血液标本共120例作为研究对象,采用全自动贝克曼Ac.T5df五分类血液分析仪对其进行白细胞分类检测,同时,使用显微镜检测样本血液的白细胞分类,然后进行相关性比较。结果通过分析全自动贝克曼Ac.T5df五分类血液分析仪白细胞分类检测结果发现,无论是在单核细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞的计数上,还是在核嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的计数上,都和显微镜白细胞分类检测结果十分接近,二者具有良好的相关性,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用全自动贝克曼Ac.T5df五分类血液分析仪进行白细胞分类检测具有较高的准确性,与显微镜对白细胞的分类结果存在良好的相关性,可以进行替代使用。     

白细胞分类计数与冠心病类型及病变程度的相关性研究

目的探讨白细胞分类计数与冠心病类型及冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法经冠状动脉造影确诊的冠心病患者100例分为稳定型心绞痛组30例、不稳定型心绞痛组40例和急性心肌梗死组30例,选择30例冠状动脉造影正常者为对照组,检测各组外周血白细胞计数、各种白细胞亚型的计数、中性粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数的变化。结果4组之间的白细胞（WBC）总数、中性粒细胞（N）计数、单核细胞（M）计数、淋巴细胞（L）计数及中性粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数（N/L）的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,嗜酸性粒细胞（E）计数及嗜碱性粒细胞（B）计数的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,白细胞总数与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度（Gensini评分）呈显著正相关（r=0.27,P〈0.01）。结论中性粒细胞、单核细胞计数的升高可能反映冠状动脉的病变程度和急性病变的情况,中性粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数可能是预测急性心肌梗死事件的一个具有重要意义的指标,白细胞总数可能对冠状动脉狭窄程度有重要预测价值。     

早产儿血白细胞总数及分类与出生胎龄关系的临床探讨

目的 探讨早产儿血白细胞及其分类与出生胎龄的关系.方法 对我科NICU收住的出生48 h以内的早产儿93例,分别于生后24～48 h内进行血白细胞及其分类的绝对计数测定;同时摘记早产儿的临床相关资料,如出生胎龄、性别、出生体重.结果 早产儿血白细胞总数绝对计数值在胎龄<32周、32～34周、34～37周分别为(9.31±4.24)×109/L、(8.06±3.47)×109/L、(9.70±4.02)×109/L,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中性粒细胞的绝对计数值在胎龄<32周、32～34周、34～37周分别是(3.84±2.84)×109/L、(3.85±2.66)×109/L、(5.45±3.07)×109/L,随胎龄增加而增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的绝对计数也随出生胎龄的增加而增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);淋巴细胞、单核细胞的绝对计数值随出生胎龄增加而降低,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 早产儿血白细胞总数的绝对计数值与出生胎龄无关,近似于足月新生儿;中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的绝对计数随出生胎龄增加而增多;单核细胞和淋巴细胞的绝对计数随胎龄增加而降低.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者炎症细胞水平与睡眠呼吸监测参数的相关性分析

目的分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者炎症细胞水平与睡眠呼吸监测参数的相关性。方法 114例OSAS患者根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻度(16例)、中度(29例)和重度(69例)三组;另选取60例健康体检者作为对照组。比较各组白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞及嗜碱性粒细胞计数,并分析睡眠呼吸监测指标与炎症细胞水平的相关性。结果四组间的白细胞计数、单核细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,重度组白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数增加(P<0.05);与轻-中度组相比,重度组单核细胞计数、嗜酸性粒细胞计数增加(P<0.05)。OSAS患者AHI与最低血氧饱和度呈负相关(r=-0.660,P<0.05),而与氧饱和度<90%的时间、氧减指数、白细胞计数、单核细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数均呈正相关(r=0.755、0.885、0.206、0.213、0.200,P<0.05);最低血氧饱和度与白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数呈负相关(r=-0.162、-0.177,P<0.05)。结论重度OSA...     

早产儿白细胞和血小板计数的动态变化及其影响因素

目的探究早产儿白细胞和血小板计数的动态变化及其影响因素。方法选择2015年3月至2017年9月我院分娩的早产儿432例为研究对象,根据胎儿出生时胎龄分为两组,分别为A组(胎龄≤32周),B组(胎龄33～37周),对比两组早产儿的白细胞计数与血小板计数,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果 B组白细胞总数、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、血小板计数明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);而B组淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞明显低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组嗜碱性粒细胞比较,差异无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。结论胎龄对早产儿的白细胞分类、总数和血小板计数均有不同程度的影响。     

贝克曼VCS技术和细胞形态学技术对正常WBC分类之比较

目的利用全自动五分类血细胞分析仪VCS技术和外周血片血细胞形态学技术对健康人群正常(WBC)进行分类比较,了解两种技术对正常WBC分类有无显著性差异,是否具有可比性。方法随机抽取100例健康体检人群静脉血3ml,经EDTA-K2抗凝,而后经VCS技术和血细胞形态学技术对WBC分类,检测出成熟中性粒细胞(N)、淋巴细胞(L)、单核细胞(M)、嗜酸性粒细胞(E)、嗜碱性粒细胞(B)各自的百分比后,进行相关性分析。结果上述两种技术对正常WBC的中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及单核细胞分类无显著性差异,具有可比性。结论 VCS技术和细胞形态学技术对正常WBC分类无显著性差异,具有可比性。     

血清降钙素原定量检测对肺部感染患者的意义分析

目的探讨分析血清降钙素原定量检测对肺部感染患者的意义。方法选取在2010年1月至2012年1月期间于我院接受治疗的70例肺部感染患者作为研究对象,同时选取70例健康体检者作为对照组。对照组的受试者经过体检其血象、胸片的检测结果都没有出现异常现象。两组受试者之间的年龄、性别差异不明显,P>0.05,具有可比性。检测两组受试者的血样。结果对照组和实验组在PCT含量、WBC计数、中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、单核细胞百分比、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比各项上差异显著,P<0.05,具有统计学意义;对照组和实验组在PCT含量中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞分类计数各项上差异显著,P<0.05,具有统计学意义。结论 PCT的水平可以反映肺部细菌和病毒类感染,因此可以使用PCT的定量检测可以为临床诊断提供补充依据。     

1000名药厂职工白细胞分类特征分析

目的 分析药厂职工白细胞分类特征,以了解药厂职工白细胞分类的特殊性和普遍性。方法 使用abbott CELL—DYN3700全自动血细胞分析仪（对白细胞进行五分类）对1000名药厂职工血常规标本进行随机测定,记录白细胞分类结果。结果 1000名药厂职工白细胞分类特征为各类细胞的分布高峰分别是中性粒细胞（N）范围在50．1％～75％之间的占81％,淋巴细胞（L）范围在20％～40％之间的占72％,单核细胞（M）范围在3—8％之间的占81％,嗜酸性粒细胞（E）范围在0．5％～5％之间的占84％,嗜碱性粒细胞（B）范围在0％～0．5％之间的占52％。结论 药厂职工白细胞分类有其一定的特殊性和相当的普遍性。     

XT-1800i血液分析仪白细胞分类的评价

目的:对XT-1800i全自动五分类血液分析仪白细胞分类进行评价。方法:用于血液分析的常规样本,对仪器自动提示有异常的标本进行手工镜检分析。结果:XT-1800i血液分析仪中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞分类结果,重复性、精密度均较好,该血液分析仪常规样本白细胞分类与镜检结果也有较好的可比性,对单核细胞分类增高、异常淋巴细胞、异淋/原始淋巴细胞、母细胞化(Blast)的异常提示功能稍差。结论:XT-1800i血液分析仪的真阳性率较高,但对有单核和淋巴细胞分类增高及仪器有异常提示的样本应做手工镜检复查。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.