毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的临床诊断和最佳治疗方案。方法 通过头颅CT、MRI和手术探讨此类肿瘤的发病率,常见部位,临床特点,手术疗效,预后与手术切除肿瘤程度以及与术后放疗的关系。结果 毛细胞型星形细胞瘤以20岁以下发病率最高77．4％,以小脑居首92%。临床表现以颅内压增高为主、其次共济失调。影像学CT和MRI没有特征性征象,诊断率50％以上,最后确诊主要依靠病理学。预后与手术切除程度有关,肿瘤全切除术后10年内存活率达95％、部分切除术后达72．7％。结论 (1)毛细胞型星形细胞瘤多发病于青少年,以小脑居首。(2)尽可能全切除肿瘤、术后无需放疗其预后良好,可视为“良性肿瘤”;若不能伞切除的病例,术后可给予放疗亦能达到理想的预后。     

黏液性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤

黏液性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤是一种最近才被描述的中枢神经系统肿瘤,其特点类似于毛细胞型星形细胞瘤,过去被归为毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的一个亚型。然而,最近的研究表明,黏液性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的组织学特点和毛细胞型星形细胞瘤有细微的差异,在生物学特性上,两者之间在侵袭性,复发率和预后都有不同。提示了黏液性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤是一类不同于毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的肿瘤。深入了解毛细胞型星形细胞瘤和黏液性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的组织学特点,临床表现,影像学特点,治疗原则,预后对进一步开展相关研究有重要意义。     

颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊治及预后

目的探讨颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的病理学特点、临床特点、影像学表现和治疗经验。方法回顾性分析南京军区总医院神经外科2002年6月至2006年6月四年间20例经手术病理证实的毛细胞型星形细胞瘤临床资料。分析其影像学特点及术中所见和预后情况。结果20例肿瘤均接受显微外科手术,根据肿瘤所在部位采取不同手术入路。16例全切,4例大部分切除,4例均位于视交叉或下丘脑部,与周边重要神经结构粘连较紧。结论颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤为良性肿瘤,显微手术全切预后良好,对于未全切病例术后行恰当的放疗或化疗也能获得理想效果。     

儿童第三脑室中间块星形细胞瘤

目的 明确第三脑室中间块星形细胞瘤的临床表现、诊断和手术治疗。方法 2例第三脑室肿瘤病儿的影像学检查(头颅CT和MRI)发现第三脑室内边界清楚的圆形或椭圆形占位。经右额胼胝体-透明隔间腔-穹隆间入路，在直视下切除肿瘤，并明确肿瘤起源于中间块。结果 2例病儿的肿瘤为近全切除，术后有头颅CT和MRI证实第三脑室内的瘤体完全消失，肿瘤病理诊断为纤维型星形细胞瘤(I-Ⅱ级)。结论 中间块星形细胞瘤起源于第三脑室的中间块，经胼胝体-透明隔间腔-穹隆间入路可以做到在直视下切除肿瘤和明确肿瘤的真正起源。     

毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断与治疗

目的分析毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的临床特点及诊治方法。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院1997年1月～2007年1月手术治疗的37例毛细胞型星形细胞瘤患者的临床资料。结果病理显示典型毛细胞型星形细胞瘤30例（81.2%）,黏液型毛细胞型星形细胞瘤7例（18.8%）;28例肿瘤全切,31例平均随访45个月。结论毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断主要依赖MRI检查,显微手术全切肿瘤是本病的主要治疗方法,应在保留功能的前提下尽量切除肿瘤,术后放化疗存在争议,复发的肿瘤可再次手术;应加强对黏液型毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的认识。     

毛细胞型星形细胞瘤

毛细胞型星形细胞瘤好发于小脑和中线结构，如脑干和下丘脑，发生于漏斗者，又称漏斗瘤。大脑内很少见。绝大部分毛细胞型星形细胞瘤有良好的治疗效果和预后。但是在儿童，因其生物学特性、复发退变使其治疗具有特殊性。１毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的治疗１．１儿童下丘脑/视路毛细胞     

毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断和治疗

目的　探讨毛细胞型星形细胞瘤发病特点、病理学和影像学表现以及治疗方法。方法　 回顾性分析我院近3年来47例经手术病理证实的毛细胞型星形细胞瘤临床资料。结果 47例患者平均发病年龄21岁,20岁以下28例(59.6％)。位于小脑及大脑半球者可分为囊性伴囊壁结节、假囊性伴囊壁结节、实质性3种影像学表现。鞍区、脑干、脊髓等部位多表现为实质性。镜下多可见到大量Rosenthal氏纤维。46例GFAP免疫标记阳性,38例Vim免疫标记阳性。随访20个月,全切组(36例)无肿瘤复发,部分残留组(11例)1例复发。22例术后放疗,随访期内无肿瘤复发,未放疗组1例肿瘤复发。结论 毛细胞型星形细胞瘤有比较典型的影像学和病理学特点,外科全切术是首选的治疗方法。对于未全切病例术后应行放疗。     

毛细胞型星形细胞瘤及其亚型的病理、影像学与治疗进展

毛细胞型星形细胞瘤(PA)及其亚型毛细胞黏液样星形细胞瘤(PMA)在影像学及病理学上有其特殊表现。PA多位于小脑,影像学上常有囊变表现,而PMA多位于视交叉-下丘脑区,肿瘤在影像学上多表现为实性肿块。PA由双相性的肿瘤细胞组成,多含有Rosenthal纤维和嗜酸性小体,而PMA由单向性的肿瘤细胞和黏液样背景组成,没有Rosenthal纤维,仅有嗜酸性颗粒小体。外科手术全切除是首选的治疗方法,显微外科技术目前在PA手术中被广泛应用。对于PA,全切肿瘤后可以不用化疗;不能全切的患者,根据不同年龄段酌情予以放化疗。对于PMA,由于其发病部位的特殊性,一般难以全切,术后以化疗为主。     

小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊治分析

目的探讨小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的临床诊断及显微手术治疗效果。方法对经病理证实的17例小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的影像学表现、组织病理学特征、手术治疗方法及预后等进行分析、总结。结果小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤以20岁以下发病率最高;影像学上肿瘤可分为3种类型:完全囊肿型(2例,12%),囊肿结节型(7例53%),肿块型(6例35%)。病理学镜下表现为双极毛发样或纤维状细胞,伴Rosenthal纤维。手术所见肿瘤与周围组织间有相对清楚的边界。肿瘤全切除15例,大部切除2例。结论小脑毛细胞型星形细胞瘤有比较典型的影像学和病理学特征,显微手术全切是首选治疗方法,预后良好。     

脊髓毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结脊髓毛细胞型星形细胞瘤(PA)的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年1月显微手术切除的12例脊髓PA的临床资料,结合文献总结诊治经验.结果 肿瘤全切除8例,大部分切除4例.术后病理证实均为脊髓PA(WHO分级Ⅰ级).术后随访6-54个月,平均(29.3±16.1)个月.末次随访,5例脊髓功能较...     

Pilocytic astrocytoma: A retrospective study of 32 cases

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is a neoplasia which is considered as a grade I astrocytoma by the World Health Organization (WHO). Its most common location is the cerebellum and it develops during the first two decades of life. Prognosis is mostly excellent if gross-total resection can be achieved, with 10-year survival rates of up to 95%. In rare cases, however, the patient has a bad outcome.     

Cerebellar Pilocytic Astrocytomas with Spontaneous Intratumoral Hemorrhage in Adult

Cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) are benign gliomas predominantly found in the pediatric population. Intracranial hemorrhages are extremely rare in initial presentations of cerebellar PAs. There are no reports in the medical literature of adult cerebellar PA cases presenting with intratumoral hemorrhage. We report 2 cases of adult cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas with intratumoral hemorrhage. The first case is a 37-year-old woman presenting with severe headache, nausea, and vomitting. Computed tomography demonstrated an acute hemorrhage adjacent to the right cerebellar hemisphere and hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cerebellar vermian tumor with the hemorrhage as a mixed isointense area in the T2-weighted image, and as a mixed hyperintense area in the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image. The second case is a 53-year-old man presenting with headache for 3 weeks. MRI revealed a cerebellar hemispheric tumor with the hemorrhage as a mixed hyperintense area. It had a cystic mass with a heterogeneous enhanced mural nodule in the gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted image and a fluid-fluid level within the cyst in the T2-weighted image. Both of them underwent radical resections of their respective lesions. Histological examination of the specimens revealed typical astrocytoma, including a hemorrhagic portion. Both patients recovered postoperatively and continue to do well at present. The medical literature on hemorrhagic cerebellar PAs is also reviewed.     

经额侧脑室联合翼点入路显微切除第三脑室颅咽管瘤

目的探讨经额侧脑室联合翼点入路显微切除鞍上突入第三脑室的内外型颅咽管瘤的手术适应证、疗效及并发症的防治。方法18例第三脑室内外型颅咽管瘤首先采用经额皮质造瘘,侧脑室室间孔入路切除侧脑室、第三脑室内肿瘤,然后应用翼点入路切除鞍上及鞍旁残余肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除15例,次全切除3例。患者术后视力改善率75．0％（24／32）,视野改善率76．5％（26／34）;术后16例患者出现不同程度尿崩,3例出现癫痫症状。结论对脑室内外型颅咽管瘤,经额皮质造瘘侧脑室室间孔入路联合翼点入路,充分暴露第三脑室底部、下丘脑、鞍区各脑池及其穿通血管等结构,可提高肿瘤的全切率,减少手术并发症。     

Pilocytic astrocytoma developing at the site of a previously treated medulloblastoma in a child

Background After the achieved high cure rates, the survivors of medulloblastoma have come to face other complications associated with treatment regimes. One of these complications is secondary malignant neoplasm (SMN), which is rare but generally fatal. Case history We report a case of an 8-year-old girl in whom a pilocytic astrocytoma developed at the site of previously excised medulloblastoma 26 months earlier. The patient had then received postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the treatment of medulloblastoma. Twenty-five months after the cessation of treatment, she had no complaint and physical examination was unremarkable, but a mass in the operation region was detected. Surgical excision of the secondary pilocytic astrocytoma was performed with a good clinical recovery without any evidence of residue or recurrence at 9-month follow-up. Conclusion Clinicians must be vigilant for the risk of expected SMNs. Rigorous and prolonged follow-up of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors is warrant.     

第三脑室病变的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨第三脑室病变的外科治疗方法、技巧及效果.方法 回顾性分析15例第三脑室病变患者临床资料,其中经胼胝体入路11例,经额叶皮质-室间孔入路2例,经终板入路2例;术后5例行放疗,2例行化疗,1例行脑室腹腔分流术.结果全切8例.次全切5例.部分切除2例.术后脑积水均已解除,1例术后死亡;随访3～12月,14例患者基本恢复正常学习、工作.结论 合理的手术入路及熟练的手术技巧是提高切除率和改善预后的关键,辅以适当的术后放化疗有助于改善患者的预后.     

Peduncular hallucinosis after debulking of a third ventricular pilocytic astrocytoma: Case report and review of the literature

Peduncular hallucinosis is a rare clinical syndrome manifesting as complex visual hallucinations and sleep-wake dysregulation after injury to deep neural structures, most commonly the midbrain and diencephalon. Initially reported after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, an increasing range of pathologies and procedures have been described as causative of peduncular hallucinosis. We present a novel case of peduncular hallucinosis following debulking of a third ventricular pilocytic astrocytoma as well as a review of the existing literature.     

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma in the adult cerebellum

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a recently recognised World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II tumour that was previously characterised as a subtype of the WHO Grade I pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). PMA has a histological appearance distinct from PA and a poorer prognosis due to its greater propensity for local recurrence and cerebrospinal dissemination. Although originally considered a paediatric tumour involving mainly the hypothalamic and chiasmatic region, reports of the lesion occurring in the adult population and other areas of the neuroaxis are emerging. We review the literature on PMA within the adult population and present the first case of PMA in the cerebellum of an adult female.