螺内酯、小剂量倍他乐克治疗充血性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的：观察螺内酯、小剂量倍他乐克对充血性心力衰竭的临床疗效及安全性。方法：72例慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者(NYHA分级为Ⅲ-Ⅳ级)随机分为两组，对照组应用速尿、洛丁新、地高辛或西地兰治疗，治疗组在对照组基础上加用螺内酯及小剂量倍他乐克治疗，观察治疗前后心功能、左室射血分数(EF)及副作用。结果：治疗组CHF患者的心功能疗效总有效率94．59％，对照组为80％：两组CHF患者用药治疗后的EF较用药前有明显的提高，其提高值在治疗组更显著，且副作用较少。结论：在常规治疗的基础上加用螺内酯及小剂量倍他乐克治疗CHF．可增加疗效并减少副作用。     

螺内酯联用美托洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的观察螺内酯联合倍他乐克对冠心病、高血压性心脏病慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察。方法82例患者随机分为两组,治疗组42例,对照组40例,对照组仅给常规药物治疗,治疗组加用小剂量螺内酯及倍他乐克,治疗4周,判断疗效。结果治疗组心衰症状明显缓解,总有效率97.6%。而对照组总有效率75%,两组相比差异显著(χ2=9.0,P<0.01)。结论小剂量螺内酯联用倍他乐克配合常规治疗用于冠心病及高血压性心脏病慢性心力衰竭的疗效显著、安全、价廉。     

螺内酯治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的评价螺内酯治疗充血性心力衰竭(CHF)的治疗效果。方法将82例NYHAⅡ-Ⅳ级CHF患者随机分为两组,每组41例。对照组采用强心、利尿及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和倍他乐克治疗;观察组在对照组的基础上加用螺内酯25mg/d。疗程均为16周,观察两组治疗前后临床疗效。结果观察组临床显效率47.62%,有效率47.62%,无效率4.76%;对照组分别为40.47%、40.47%和19.05%(P<0.05)。治疗后与治疗前相比,两组心功能等指标均有显著性改善(P<0.001和P<0.05),血压与治疗前比较有下降。结论在充血性心力衰竭常规治疗基础上加用螺内酯治疗CHF是安全的,能改善心功能,提高患者活动耐量,减少心律失常发生。     

依那普利、螺内酯和灯盏花素注射液治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭32例临床观察

目的观察依那普利、螺内酯和灯盏花素注射液治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的疗效。方法通过分析32例心力衰竭患者的临床特点，观察在强心、利尿、扩张血管的基础上加用依那普利、螺内酯和灯盏花素注射液3种药物治疗后患者临床指标变化情况。结果在中、重度心力衰竭治疗中总有效率为93．7％，无明显不良反应。结论依那普利、螺内酯和灯盏花素注射液联合治疗心力衰竭，合理、安全、有效。     

慢性心力衰竭并发室性心律失常的临床治疗分析

目的:观察分析慢性心力衰竭并发室性心律失常患者的治疗方法。方法:随机抽取我院住院慢性心力衰竭并发室性心律失常患者124例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组行抗心力衰竭常规治疗和胺碘酮治疗,治疗组在抗心力衰竭常规治疗基础上加用胺碘酮合并稳心颗粒治疗,分析动态心电图和心功能评价结果并进行对比分析。结果:治疗组显效率为40.32%,总有效率为91.94%;对照组显效率为19.35%,总有效率为70.97%:治疗组显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于慢性心力衰竭并发室性心律失常患者加用胺碘酮合并稳心颗粒治疗,可显著改善患者的治疗效果和心功能状态情况。     

小剂量螺内酯对慢性心力衰竭患者醛固酮水平及心功能的影响

目的观察慢性心力衰竭患者常规ACEI治疗后神经内分泌激素活性变化及醛固酮逃逸现象，并探讨加用螺内酯后对心衰患者醛固酮逃逸程度和心功能的影响。方法选择慢性心力衰竭患者68例随机分为2组，对照组34例，常规心衰治疗；治疗组34例，常规心衰治疗基础上加用螺内酯20rag．d^-1。治疗前、治疗后1、6个月测定肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮活性，并通过测定左室射血分数（LVEF），评价心功能改善程度。结果1个月时两组血浆醛固酮水平下降，与基线水平相比有显著性差异（P〈0．01），6个月时两组血浆醛固酮水平均回升。并超过基线水平，与基线相比亦有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；1个月时两组间左室射血分数比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05），6个月时两组心功能均明显改善，左室射血分数与基线水平相比有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。且两组间比较亦有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论①不论是否加用螺内酯均可观察到醛固酮逃逸现象，螺内酯似乎对醛固酮逃逸现象有助长作用。②螺内酯能明显改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能，小剂量螺内酯治疗慢性心力衰竭安全有效．     

螺内酯对继发于慢性充血性心力衰竭性心律失常的作用

慢性充血性心力衰竭 (chronic heartfailure,CHF)伴发的室性心律失常是猝死的主要原因。而此类患者用抗心律失常药物不利 ,并可增加病死率 ,随着对肾素 -血管紧张素 -醛固酮系统在心力衰竭中作用的认识 ,我们加用螺内酯治疗 CHF室性心律失常 ,观察其临床疗效。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　选择 10 0例继发于 CHF的室性心律失常患者 ,其中男 78例 ,女 2 2例 ;平均年龄 (48± 9)岁。心功能按NYHA标准分级 ,心功能 级 34例、 级 4 6例 , 级 2 0例。原发疾病分别为冠心病、高血压心脏病、肺源性心脏病、扩张型心肌病及心脏瓣膜病。1.2　…     

心律平联用门冬氨酸钾镁治疗心力衰竭并室性心律失常的价值

目的探讨心律平联用门冬氨酸钾镁治疗心力衰竭并发室性心律失常的安全性及临床疗效。方法102例心力衰竭并发室性心律失常患者随机分成对照组和治疗组两组。治疗组在常规抗心衰基础上加用心律平、门冬氨酸钾镁。对照组则予以常规抗心衰治疗。观察两组治疗前后心律失常改变及临床疗效、心功能改善情况。结果治疗组治疗后心律失常控制及临床疗效有效率、心功能改善情况优于对照组,两组相比差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论心力衰竭并发室性心律失常患者采用抗心衰及抗心律失常治疗能有效控制心律失常及改善心功能,心律平联用门冬氨酸钾镁治疗充血性心力衰竭患者室性心律失常效果明显,无明显副作用,值得在临床中广泛应用。     

真武汤加减联合螺内酯、卡托普利对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的:探讨真武汤加减联合螺内酯、卡托普利对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。方法:选取2018年1月～2019年4月收治的慢性充血性心力衰竭患者89例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组45例和对照组44例。对照组采用螺内酯联合卡托普利治疗,观察组采用真武汤加减联合螺内酯、卡托普利治疗。比较两组疗效、治疗前后中医证候积分、6 min步行距离及心功能指标。结果:观察组总有效率为95.56%,高于对照组79.55%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组中医证候积分、6 min步行距离及心功能指标均得到明显改善,且改善程度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:真武汤加减联合螺内酯、卡托普利治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭疗效确切,可有效改善患者心功能,提高运动耐量。     

螺内酯治疗充血性心力衰竭室性心律失常患者的临床观察

近年大量的研究显示 ,调整肾素 -血管紧张素 -醛固酮(renin angiotensin aldosteronesystem ,RAAS)系统是心力衰竭治疗的关键。醛固酮在心力衰竭的发展中起着重要的作用 ,如引起心肌纤维化、血管顺应性下降、恶性室性心律失常等。醛固酮通过和细胞内膜受体作用 ,促发电解质失衡和水钠潴留 ,影响心肌电生理 ,并致心肌纤维化 ,导致心力衰竭进行性加重[1] 。本研究旨在观察醛固酮拮抗剂螺内酯 (安体舒通 )对充血性心力衰竭 (congestiveheartfailure ,CHF)患者室性心律失常发生频率的影响。1　资料与方法1.1　对象　选择本院 2 9例高血压性心…     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.