比较管状胃与次全胃代食管颈部吻合术在食管癌根治术中的应用效果

目的比较管状胃与次全胃代食管颈部吻合术在食管癌根治术中的应用效果。方法选取180例在嵩县人民医院接受手术治疗的食管癌患者。将2013-01—2015-01间实施的管状胃代食管手术作为对照组,将2015-02—2017-02间实施的次全胃代食管手术作为观察组,各90例。比较2组手术时间及术后吻合口瘘的发生率。结果对照组手术时间160~180 min,平均170 min;观察组为150~170 min,平均165 min。2组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组发生颈部吻合口瘘18例(20.00%),观察组1例(1.11%),2组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与管状胃代食管颈部吻合术比较,次全胃代食管颈部吻合术方法简单、易于操作、颈部吻合口瘘发生率低,适合食管癌术中作为食管替代物重建消化道。     

食管切除术后管状胃不同上提径路的比较

目的 比较食管癌三切口手术后,管状胃经胸骨后和经食管床两种径路上提行胃食管颈部吻合的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析2005年7月至2009年5月间107例行食管癌三切口手术患者的临床资料.结果 本组患者上提管状胃采用经胸骨后径路行胃食管颈部吻合者52例,经食管床径路者55例.两种径路吻合组在手术时间、术中出血量及胸管置管方面差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.胸骨后径路组的住院时间[（12.9±9.4）d]长于食管床径路组[（9.9±5.4）d,P＜0.05].两组均无围手术期死亡病例.胸骨后径路组的吻合口瘘发生率（26.9%）明显高于食管床径路组（5.5%）（P＜0.01）;两组患者肺部感染、肺不张和心律失常等心肺并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 经胸骨后和经食管床径路管状胃上提均为有效、安全的途径;但胸骨后径路术后吻合口瘘发生率较高.应个体化选择管状胃的上提径路.     

食管癌三切口术后吻合口良性狭窄的危险因素分析

目的探讨食管癌患者行三切口食管切除术(McKeown术)颈部吻合后发生吻合口良性狭窄的危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2016年9月至2017年8月在上海市胸科医院单一治疗组中行McKeown术,以管状胃代食管的所有食管癌患者,以术后出现良性吻合口狭窄并进行连续扩张次数≥3次的患者为狭窄组,无术后狭窄或狭窄较轻扩张次数<3次的患者为非狭窄组,对两组患者的一般情况、ASA评分、手术方式、吻合方式、管胃上提部位、肿瘤R0切除情况、吻合口瘘等进行统计分析,分析吻合口狭窄的危险因素。 结果共入选271例患者,有9.6%的患者需要行3次或3次以上的扩张治疗。单因素分析显示,高龄(>70岁)、术前新辅助治疗、手工吻合、胸骨后管胃上提路径、吻合口瘘、肿瘤的非R0切除与严重的吻合口狭窄均有相关性(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,吻合口瘘(OR＝5.541,95% CI：2.110～14.549,P＝0.001)和胸骨后管胃上提路径(OR＝6.736,95% CI ：1.623～27.965,P＝0.009)是严重吻合口狭窄的独立危险因素。 结论吻合口瘘、胸骨后上提路径是食管癌McKeown手术颈部吻合术后出现吻合口狭窄的独立危险因素。     

食管癌术后吻合口瘘的预防

胸内食管胃吻合口瘘是食管癌根治术中最严重的并发症之一，其发病率平均为5％～10％，死亡率可高达28．5％～71％。吻合口瘘发生率的高低与手术方式、方法、技术等有一定的关系，颈部吻合比胸内吻合瘘的发生率高数倍。1999年9月～2003年8月，应用国产吻合器（WGW-2—26型）连续施行食管癌及食管胃胸内吻合术33例，无吻合口瘘发生，疗效满意。现报告如下。     

机械吻合与食管胃分层吻合术治疗食管和贲门癌的对比研究

目的比较机械吻合术与分层吻合术在预防食管和贲门癌手术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和食管反流并发症发生率的差异。方法将316例食管和贲门癌患者按入院顺序随机分为机械吻合组(162例,采用食管癌切除机械吻合术)和分层吻合组(154例,采用食管癌切除食管胃分层吻合术)。分别比较两组术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和食管反流并发症发生率。结果机械吻合组术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生率分别为1.2%和2.0%,而分层吻合组则分别为3.9%和4.7%,两组比较P<0.01。两组胃食管反流的发生率(88.8%、89.3%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于预防食管和贲门癌手术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄方面,机械吻合优于分层吻合法。     

食管癌切除颈部吻合吻合口瘘防治体会

<正> 自1990年3月～2000年10月期间我们共行颈、胸、腹三切口食管癌切除,食管重建颈部吻合术287例,术后发生颈部吻合口瘘18例,发生率6.27％。本文对颈部吻合口瘘的发生技防治措施进行分析讨论。     

食管重建中食管胃吻合术式的改进（附65例分析）

在65例食管癌、贲门癌手术治疗中，对吻合口的处理采用食管胃“两定点吻合”加半边大网膜覆盖。作为术式改进组；另对50例食管癌，贲门癌采用传统吻合方式，将肌层行间断缝合包埋，作为对照组。两组患者在性别，年龄、病灶的病理分类等方面无明显差异。比较两组的吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率，术式改进组未发生吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄；对照组发生吻合口瘘1例。发生吻合口狭窄4例。食管重建中，对吻合口的操作采用食管胃“两定点吻合法”能有效地避免和减少吻合口瘘及吻合口狭窄的发生。     

食管胃套接术与器械吻合术治疗食管、贲门癌的对比研究

目的对比食管胃套接术与器械吻合术的临床治疗效果,以减少食管、贲门癌根治术后并发症的发生率. 方法将285例诊断明确的食管、贲门癌住院患者按入院顺序随机分为两组,食管胃套接组(套接组)134例,采用食管癌切除食管瓣片成形-食管胃套接术;器械吻合组(吻合组)151例,采用食管癌切除器械吻合术.术后观察吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和胃食管反流并发症的发生率,并随访观察3年. 结果套接组术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄和胃食管反流的发生率分别为0%、2.2%和1.5%,而吻合组为1.3%、13.9%和21.2%(P<0.01). 结论食管瓣片成形-食管胃套接术术后并发症少、操作简单,较器械吻合具有一定的优越性.     

单层或双层食管胃颈部吻合术治疗食管癌50例

目的比较两种吻合技术行食管胃颈部吻合的临床效果。方法因食管癌行食管次全切除、食管胃颈部吻合术共50例,其中采用双层吻合法34例,单层吻合法16例。结果双层吻合法的吻合口瘘发生率为23.5%（8/34）,单层吻合法的吻合口瘘的发生率为6.2%（1/16）。两组病人均无吻合口狭窄。结论总之,单层吻合法较双层吻合法减少了手术步骤,缩短了手术时间,减少了吻合口瘘的发生率,值得在食管癌切除术后颈部食管胃吻合中应用。     

消化道吻合器在颈部胃食管吻合中的应用

目的 总结食管癌切除后采用消化道吻合器行颈部胃食管吻合术治疗食管癌患者的临床经验,以降低术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率,提高手术疗效.方法 125例食管癌患者,根据采用的手术术式不同分为两组,器械吻合组:行食管癌切除后采用国产常州WGWB-26型吻合器进行颈部胃食管吻合;手工吻合组,行食管癌切除后采用手工方法进行颈部胃食管吻合.比较两种手术术式的胃食管吻合时间、术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率.结果 全组无手术死亡.器械吻合组吻合时间少于手工吻合组(30±5min vs.55±5 min, P＜0.05),近期吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生率明显低于手工吻合组(0% vs.4.8%, 0% vs.9.5%,P＜0.05);器械吻合组随访1～15个月食管X线钡餐检查证实无吻合口狭窄.结论 使用吻合器行胃食管器械吻合,能增加吻合的可靠性,减少术后并发症,包括吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生.     

Predictive value of blood flow in the gastric tube in anastomotic insufficiency after thoracic esophagectomy

Anastomotic insufficiency is considered to be one of the most serious complications associated with esophageal reconstruction. The purposes of this study were to identify (1) the relationship between anastomotic insufficiency and tissue blood flow (TBF) in the gastric tube in the perioperative period, and (2) the effects of intravenous prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on TBF in the gastric tube. The study group consisted of 44 patients who were to undergo esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Intraoperative and postoperative TBF on the serosal side of the gastric tube were measured by laser-Doppler tissue blood flowmetry. The TBF of the Leakage(+) group (n = 5) was poorer than that of the Leakage(?) group (n = 39) during the intraoperative and postoperative periods. There was a significant difference in TBF between the two groups at postoperative day (POD) 3. There was a tendency in the PGE1(+) group (n = 18) to exhibit richer blood flow through the anastomosis than the PGE1(?) group (n = 26), intraoperatively, but the difference was not significant. Two of five Leakage(+) cases were also in the PGE1(+) group. There was no relationship between intraoperative medication with PGE1 and incidence of leakage. The TBF of three-field lymph node dissection and reconstruction of the retrosternal route group (n = 21) was poorer than that of the two-field lymph-node dissection and reconstruction of the posterior mediastinal route group (n = 23). The TBF in the gastric tube after esophagectomy may be a predictor of anastomotic insufficiency. However, PGE1 treatment in the intraoperative period alone is not effective in preventing anastomotic insufficiency.     

Reliable cervical anastomosis through the retrosternal route with stepwise gastric tube

OBJECTIVES: An extra-anatomic reconstruction would be beneficial in preventing recurrent malignant dysphagia. A long gastric tube that allowed a sufficient blood flow was necessary to perform the successful cervical anastomosis through the retrosternal route. METHODS: The gastric tube was created by means of separate division and closure of the seromuscular and submucosal-mucosal layers (stepwise group) in 15 consecutive patients and by means of full-thickness cutting of the stomach and closure of the seromuscular layer (standard group) in 22 patients. We compared these 2 types of gastroplasties in terms of total length of the tube, blood flow, and the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Blood flow was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter during surgical intervention. RESULTS: The gastric tube in the stepwise group was significantly longer than that in the standard group (P <.01, unpaired t test). Tissue blood flow at the site of anastomosis in the stepwise group was significantly greater than that in the standard group (P <.01, unpaired t test), and the rate of anastomotic leakage in the stepwise group was significantly lower than that in the standard group (P <.05, chi(2) test). CONCLUSION: We consider this technique to be a useful procedure for retrosternal reconstruction after subtotal esophagectomy.     

Feasibility of esophageal reconstruction using a pedicled jejunum with intrathoracic esophagojejunostomy in the upper mediastinum for esophageal cancer

Objective

An alternative conduit is needed when the gastric tube cannot be used as an esophageal substitute for reconstruction after esophagectomy. We adopted pedicle jejunal reconstruction with intrathoracic anastomosis in the upper mediastinum under such circumstances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of this technique.

Methods

Two hundred and ten patients with esophageal cancer underwent esophagectomy and reconstruction from 1998 to 2013. Among them, 6 patients underwent colon interposition (colon group) and 13 underwent jejunum reconstruction (jejunum group) including 8 thoracoscopic anastomosis. The operative results of both groups were compared with those of 191 gastric tube reconstructions (stomach group).

Results

The operative times in the colon and jejunum groups were significantly longer than that in the stomach group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.018, respectively). The colon group showed more operative blood loss and more frequent anastomotic leakage and ischemic stenosis of the conduit than did the stomach group (1605 vs. 530 g, P = 0.007; 50 vs. 12.6 %, P = 0.035; 16.7 vs. 0 %, P = 0.03, respectively). There was no anastomotic leakage, conduit necrosis and mortality in the jejunum group. Ischemic stenosis of the conduit occurred more frequently in jejunum group than in the stomach group (23.1 vs. 0 %, P < 0.001). However, the stenosis could be managed safely with endoscopic treatment. Patient survival in the colon and jejunum groups was consistent with that in the stomach group.

Conclusions

Pedicle jejunal reconstruction with intrathoracic anastomosis can be performed safely under thoracotomy or thoracoscopic surgery when stomach cannot be used as an esophageal substitute after esophagectomy.     

食管切除颈部消化道重建术后吻合口良性狭窄形成的影响因素

目的：探讨食管切除颈部消化道重建术后吻合口良性狭窄形成的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2003-2012年间在南京医科大学附属淮安医院接受食管癌切除术并行颈部消化道重建的946例食管癌患者的临床资料。吻合口良性狭窄定义：出现吞咽困难症状、经内镜证实需内镜扩张治疗,同时排除经病理证实的恶性病变。分别应用χ^2检验和Logistic回归分析来明确与吻合口良性狭窄形成相关的危险因素。结果156例（16．5％）患者术后出现颈部吻合口良性狭窄。单因素分析显示,心血管病史（P＝0．001）、糖尿病病史（P＝0．041）、管状胃重建（P＝0．050）、端端吻合（P＝0．013）及术后出现吻合口瘘（P＝0．008）与术后吻合口良性狭窄发生有关。多因素分析显示,心血管病史（P＝0．004）、管状胃重建（P＝0．026）、端端吻合（P＝0．043）及术后吻合口瘘（P＝0．001）为吻合口良性狭窄形成的独立影响因素。结论食管切除管状胃颈部重建具有较高的吻合口良性狭窄发生率。对于具有心血管病史者,应维持术后血压的稳定;尽量避免行端端吻合;对于术后吻合口瘘者,在瘘口愈合后可考虑尽早行内镜扩张以预防吻合口狭窄的形成。     

The triangulating stapling technique for cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy

Purpose  To evaluate the safety and feasibility of the triangulating stapling technique (TST) for cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy (CEGA). Methods  The subjects were 123 patients who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection and reconstruction with a 3.5-cm wide gastric tube, for thoracic esophageal cancer. We performed the TST for CEGA in 33 patients operated on after December, 2006 (TST group) and hand-sewn anastomosis in 90 patients operated on between 2002 and 2006 (HSA group). Results  In the TST group, CEGA was performed in an end-to-end fashion using three linear staplers. The first anastomosis was applied to the posterior walls of the remnant esophagus and gastric tube in an inverted fashion. The second and the third anastomoses were done in an everted fashion to make the anterior wall. The end-to-end HSA was performed with interrupted sutures using 4-0 absorbable material. Anastomotic leakage occurred in only 1 (3.0%) of the 33 TST patients, but in 13 (14.4%) of the 90 HSA patients (P = 0.07). The frequency of anastomotic stenosis was 9.1% and 25.6% in the TST and HSA groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions  Cervical esophagogastric anastomosis using TST may reduce the frequency of anastomotic leakage and stenosis. This technique is a safe and reliable alternative for CEGA after esophagectomy.     

Collare Anastomosenstenosen nach Magenhochzug beim Ösophaguskarzinom

Common late complications after esophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction for esophageal carcinoma are symptomatic, benign fibrotic stenoses of the cervical anastomosis, which require dilatation. Since the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma still remains poor, bad functional results such as dysphagia affect quality of life. In a retrospective analysis, our patients were evaluated with regard to the underlying effects of cervical anastomotic stenosis after esophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction. From 1 January 1989 to 31 July 1995, 173 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus were operated in our institution. Transhiatal esophageal dissection was performed in 133 patients; 40 patients underwent transthoracic en bloc resection. The 30-day mortality rate was 7.5% (13 patients). Postoperative fibrotic stenosis of the cervical anastomosis requiring dilatation occurred in 36.4% (63 patients) 6–12 weeks after operation. Fibrotic stenosis of the cervical anastomosis did not develop in 97 patients. There was a significant difference concerning the incidence of anastomotic leaks within both groups: whereas in 23.8% of the 63 patients who developed a fibrotic stricture of the cervical anastomosis an anastomotic leak preceded this event (P<0.001), no anastomotic leak occurred in the group of 97 patients with normal healing of the cervical anastomosis. In addition, significantly (P<0.01) more patients (37.5%,n=23) with preexisting diabetes mellitus could be found among the 63 patients who developed a fibrotic stricture of the cervical anastomosis, in contrast to the 97 patients without anastomotic stenosis.     

管状胃在食管癌切除术颈部吻合中的应用

目的探讨管状胃在食管癌切除术食管胃颈部吻合中的临床应用,总结其经验。方法将苏北人民医院2007年1月至2009年1月经"颈、胸、腹"三切口手术治疗食管癌患者850例,按手术先后分成A、B两组。A组行管状胃代食管手术,共425例,男287例,女138例;年龄(58.2±11.5)岁,其中食管上段癌27例,食管中段癌346例,食管下段癌52例。B组行全胃代食管手术,共425例,男298例,女127例;年龄(58.5±12.8)岁,其中食管上段癌33例,食管中段癌338例,食管下段癌54例。观察两组患者手术时间、住院时间以及术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、胸胃综合征、反流性食管炎等术后并发症的发生情况。结果全组患者均顺利完成手术,无死亡患者,A、B两组手术时间[(175.0±12.8)min vs.(171.0±10.5)min,t=1.702,P>0.05]和术后住院时间[(16.0±8.5)dvs.(16.3±8.8)d,t=1.773,P>0.05]差异均无统计学意义。术后随访6个月,无失访,A组吻合口瘘(χ2=5.550,P<0.05),反流性食管炎(χ2=9.150,P<0.05),胸胃综合征(χ2=10.500,P<0.05)等并发症发生率比B组低,且差异有统计学意义。两组吻合口狭窄发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.120,P>0.05)。结论在经"颈、胸、腹"三切口治疗食管癌手术中,管状胃代食管更符合生理解剖要求,降低吻合口瘘、胸胃综合征及反流性食管炎等并发症发生率,改善患者术后生活质量。     

Revascularization using the short gastric vessels of the gastric tube after subtotal esophagectomy for intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Maintaining sufficient blood flow to the substitutive organ after esophagectomy is essential to decrease the risk of anastomotic leakage. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-one patients underwent subtotal esophagectomy for intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma and reconstruction using the gastric tube. Additional vascular anastomosis between the short gastric vessels and the vessels in the neck was performed in 15 patients. Tissue blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry before and after vascular anastomosis. The incidence of anastomotic leakage in the revascularization group was compared with that in the remaining 26 patients. RESULTS: Venous anastomosis was performed in 14 patients and arterial anastomosis in 9. There was a significant increase in tissue blood flow after venous anastomosis alone (mean percent increase: 36%; p < 0.01), and after arterial and venous anastomoses (mean percent increase: 108%; p < 0.01). No anastomotic leakage was observed in the revascularization group; six patients (23.1%) in the control group had leakage (p < 0.05). Patients in the revascularization group started taking a meal 10.0 +/- 0.4 days postoperatively, compared with 15.1 +/- 1.8 days in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Additional vascular anastomosis in esophageal reconstruction after subtotal esophagectomy achieved good results. This procedure can reduce the risk of anastomotic leakage and may be useful for esophageal reconstruction.     

胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除经胸骨后胃-食管颈部器械吻合术后患者生活质量的评价

目的评价胸腔镜和腹腔镜联合行食管癌切除,经胸骨后胃一食管颈部圆形吻合器吻合术与颈胸腹三切口食管癌切除术对患者术后生活质量的影响。方法南方医科大学南方医院胸心外科于2009年1月至2010年10月手术治疗63例胸部中上段食管癌患者,其中行胸腔镜和腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术33例（A组）,颈胸腹三切口食管癌切除术30例（B组）。采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织（EORTC）开发的生活质量核心量表QLQ-C30和食管癌补充量表QLQ—OES18评价患者术后的生活质量。结果两组患者一般资料的比较除吻合方式不同外,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）．A组患者术后分别发生颈部吻合口瘘1例（3．0％,1／33）、颈部切口感染1例（3．0％,1／33）和吻合口狭窄1例（3．0％,1／33）：B组发生吻合口瘘8例（26．7％,8／30）,吻合口狭窄2例（6．7％．2／30）．颈部切口感染1例（3．3％,1／30）,肺部感染6例（20．0％,6／30）;均经保守治疗后好转。A组患者术后在吞咽闲难、进食、疼痛、梗阻、呼吸困难、食欲丧失、疲倦、经济困难、躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能、社会功能及总体健康状况维度方面的评分均优于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）：其余维度差异无统计学意义。结论胸腔镜和腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术患者颈部器械吻合后并发症发生率低．生活质量明显优于颈胸腹三切口手术的患者。