金免疫斑点渗滤试验快速检测抗结核抗体对结核病诊断的价值

金免疫斑点渗滤试验快速检测抗结核抗体对结核病诊断的价值李晓明，庄玉辉，王巍，张敦熔肺结核的诊断主要依据临床、胸部Ｘ线表现及痰细菌学检查。痰涂片抗酸染色阳性率较低；细菌培养虽可提高检出率，但亦不足５０％，需６～８周才能报告结果，不能满足临床的需要。ＢＡ...     

骨髓结核的诊断和治疗

目的探讨骨髓结核的诊断和治疗。方法对１９９０～１９９７年２４１０例行骨髓活组织检查（活检）病例中诊断为骨髓结核的１１例的临床及病理资料作回顾性分析。结果高热、乏力、消瘦、贫血１１例，腹胀、腹痛４例，腹水３例，肝脾肿大５例。１１例均无骨关节的局部症状与体征。痰涂片抗酸杆菌均阴性，肝功能受损９例，检查的６例血沉均升高，为３０～１６８ｍｍ／１ｈ。胸片示血行播散型肺结核４例，７例胸片未见结核病变。病理检查１１例发现结核性肉芽肿，６例发现干酪样坏死，３例肉芽肿组织抗酸染色查到抗酸杆菌。１０例除有骨髓结核外，尚伴有一种或多种其他部位的结核病变。８例经联合抗结核化疗好转出院，３例死亡。结论骨髓结核是血行播散型结核在骨髓的病变，临床表现缺乏特异性。对长期高热待诊的病例，应考虑血行播散型结核的可能，除了寻找常见的肺部病变外，必要时可考虑行骨髓活检。骨髓结核一经诊断，应立即行联合抗结核化疗     

血行播散型肺结核48例临床分析

目的分析血型播散型肺结核临床特点，为预防和控制血行播散型肺结核提供参考依据。方法回顾分析我院2001年1月～2006年12月收治的48例血行播散型肺结核病人的发病年龄，临床特征、治疗及预后。结果血行播散型结核发病以青壮年人群为主；发病人群集中为住校中学生、农村贫困人口和外出务工人员；发热是本病最突出表现，反复进行肺部X线和／或CT检查有利于早期诊断；合理抗结核化疗与综合治疗相结合，是治疗的关键。结论加强对农村贫困人口、住校中学生、外出务工人员结核病防治知识宣传，改善其生活条件，将有利于控制血行播散型肺结核的发生；加强对综合医院医务人员结核病防治知识培训，血行播散型肺结核治愈率会大大提高。     

成人血行播散性肺结核202例临床及影像分析

目的通过对血行播散性肺结核临床资料的分析,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析1998～2008年收治的成人血行播散性肺结核202例的临床资料、影像学特点、误诊情况及治疗反应。结果①中青年患者占80．2％,近年来老年患者有增加趋势占19．8％。②痰涂片查抗酸杆菌（AFB）阳性率为20．7％;31例AFB阴性患者中35．5％纤维支气管镜检抗酸杆菌阳性。③12．9％X线胸片早期表现为肺间质磨玻璃样改变,51．5％表现为大小、密度、分布均匀的栗粒结节。④胸部高分辨CT显示55．0％急性血行播散型表现双肺弥漫分布的大小、密度均匀的粟粒结节;另48例亚急性和慢性血行播散性肺结核表现以上中肺野为主的3～7mm大小、密度及分布不均匀的结节。46．8％的肺野内可见斑片、结节、纤维条索状影;43．1％伴纵膈和／或肺门淋巴结肿大。⑤20例活组织检查60％病理阳性。⑥44．6％合并肺外结核,常见于脑膜、浆膜腔、淋巴结、脑、肝、脾、骨等。⑦42．1％入院前被误诊为其它疾病。⑧除8例外其余患者抗结核治疗后体温在3d到12周内降至正常。⑨79．7％在抗结核治疗2个月后胸片显示病灶不同程度吸收。结论痰涂片、HRCT、纤维支气管镜及器官组织活检是早期诊断的关键。关键词结核,肺／诊断放射摄影术,胸部早期诊断     

抗酸染色对肺结核的诊断价值

目的 了解结核分枝杆菌抗酸染色对肺结核的诊断价值。方法对98例确诊为继发型肺结核和血行播散型肺结核患者,统计分析痰液及纤支镜刷检液涂片抗酸染色情况。结果98例中抗酸染色阳性38例,阴性60例。10例经纤支镜刷检液涂片抗酸染色中,阳性6例。结论抗酸染色是诊断肺结核的常规方法,纤支镜刷检液涂片明显高于痰涂片法。     

成人血行播散性肺结核202例临床及影像分析

目的通过对血行播散性肺结核临床资料的分析,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析1998—2008年收治的成人血行播散性肺结核202例的临床资料、影像学特点、误诊情况及治疗反应。结果（1）中青年患者占80.2%, 老年患者占19.8%。（2）痰涂片查抗酸杆菌（AFB)阳性率为20.7%;31例AFB阴性患者中35.5%纤维支气管镜检抗酸杆菌阳性。（3）12.9%X线胸片早期表现为肺间质磨玻璃样改变,51.5%表现为大小、密度、分布均匀的粟粒结节。（4）胸部高分辨CT显示55.0%急性血行播散型表现双肺弥漫分布的大小、密度均匀的粟粒结节;另48例亚急性和慢性血行播散性肺结核表现以上中肺野为主的3～7mm大小、密度及分布不均匀的结节。46.8%的肺野内可见斑片、结节、纤维条索状影;43.1%伴纵隔和/或肺门淋巴结肿大。（5）20例活组织检查60%病理阳性。 （6）44.6%合并肺外结核,常见于脑膜、浆膜腔、淋巴结、脑、肝、脾、骨等。（7）42.1%入院前被误诊为其他疾病。（8）除8例外其余患者抗结核治疗后体温在3d到12周内降至正常。（9）79.7%在抗结核治疗2个月后胸片显示病灶不同程度吸收。结论痰涂片、HRCT、纤维支气管镜及器官组织活检是早期诊断的关键。     

血行播散型肺结核临床分析

目的分析血行播散型肺结核临床特点。方法对2003～2006年收治的34例血行播散型肺结核临床特点作回顾性分析。结果（1）血行播散型肺结核以青壮年居多，老年患者渐有增多的趋势。（2）85．3％在出现临床症状后〉1月确诊。（3）全身症状明显（发热67．6％），呼吸道症状以咳嗽、咳痰居多。（4）痰涂片找核酸杆菌阳性率23．5％，50％PPD试验阴性，35．3％末梢血白细胞不正常，5．8％肝功障碍。（5）52．9％并发肺外结核，20．6％合并非结核性疾病。（6）早期、联合、规律、全程、适量抗结核治疗，对并发症及合并病治疗，97．1％的病例临床治愈。结论血行散播型肺结核是重症肺结核之一，症状重，并发症、合并症多。经有效抗结核治疗，对症治疗不同并发症及合并症，获得了满意的疗效。     

聚合酶链反应诊断肺结核的价值

１９９６～１９９８年，我们对１４６例临床确诊的肺结核患者采用三种方法查痰中结核菌，现将结果报告如下。资料与方法：本组男８６例，女６０例；年龄１５～７２岁。均有肺结核的临床及胸片表现，且抗结核治疗有效。１４６例患者均留取晨痰标本，分别做痰涂片、痰培养查...     

结核病诊断试剂盒的临床应用研究

当前,结核病卷土重来,全球结核病疫情回升,我国结核病疫情严重。结核病的早期发现、早期诊断及早期治疗是控制结核病流行的主要措施,传统结核病检查主要依靠Ｘ线检查及细菌学痰检,但由于这两种方法的特异性和敏感性较低,严重影响结核病的快速诊断。本文采用结核病诊断试剂盒对肺结核及非结核病患者进行对照观察,现将结果报告如下：１材料与方法１．１研兜对象：以临床症状、Ｘ线胸片、痰抗酸菌检查及抗结核治疗有效证实为活动性肺结核４４８例（其中痰抗酸菌检查阳性１０６例,阴性３４２例）为观察组。以非结核肺部疾病２０３例（包…     

滥用海洛因者患肺结核的临床特点

目的 探讨滥用海洛因（吸毒）者患肺结核的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析１５例吸毒者患肺结核的临床症状、Ｘ线胸片病变严重程度,痰菌检查以及治疗效果,随机选择同期年龄相当非吸毒者患肺结核１８例进行对照。结果 吸毒者患肺结核临床症状重,Ｘ线胸片病变占两个及以上肺野的占８０％,有空洞形成者占８０％,痰涂片痰菌阳性率７３．３％,抗结核治疗后Ｘ线胸片病变吸收好转率５０．０％,空洞缩小率为４１．７％,痰菌阴转率为４     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.