关节镜下治疗膝关节内侧滑膜皱襞综合征

目的探讨膝关节内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的临床诊断、治疗方法及结果。方法自2006年10月至2010年11月期间,我院共诊治膝关节内侧滑膜皱襞综合征患者87例,其中46例采取保守治疗后症状无缓解而接受关节镜下手术切除滑膜皱襞。男24例,女22例;年龄23～72岁,平均年龄为41岁。按Sakakibara法对滑膜皱襞进行分类,在关节镜下行皱襞切除术,并随访记录其疗效。结果 46例经关节镜下皱襞切除的患者,其中A型27例,B型15例,C型3例,D型1例;同时合并9例半月板损伤,5例髌股关节内侧面骨关节炎形成。增生的滑膜皱襞均采用篮钳或刨削器将其切除。43例获得随访,平均随访时间为25个月,无复发病例。膝关节功能根据Lysholm评分进行评定,术后功能较术前明显改善,治疗结果优良率为90.7%。结论膝关节内侧滑膜皱襞综合征根据临床症状和MRI表现即可诊断,关节镜下可以确诊,同时镜下行滑膜皱襞切除可获得满意的效果。     

髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的诊断和治疗

目的探讨髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2004年10月～2006年11月收治的单纯髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征37例。将其临床症状、体征与关节镜检查进行比较,探讨临床诊断治疗方法。结果经关节镜检查证实,单纯膝关节滑膜皱襞综合征37例,其中术前诊断半月板损伤而术后诊断滑膜皱襞5例;滑膜皱襞B型4例,C型25例,D型8例。关节镜下动态观察,发现可解释症状的有病理改变的滑膜皱襞即可诊断。术后随访时间3～48个月,关节功能优良达89.2%,手术后无症状加重或感染病例,疗效与伴随的软骨损伤程度呈负相关。结论早期髌内侧膝关节滑膜皱襞综合征临床诊断较困难,认真详细的体格检查及造影后MRI检查有助于提高诊断准确率,关节镜是诊断和治疗髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的最佳方法。     

单纯髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征诊断及关节镜治疗

[目的]探讨膝关节单纯髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征临床诊断、关节镜治疗及其疗效.[方法]2008年1月～2010年6月根据shelf征、MPP试验及MRI检查诊断并收治单纯髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征患者32例,全部在关节镜下行内侧滑膜皱襞完全切除术.[结果]随访12 ～40个月.根据改良Lysholm评分标准,其中优27例,良4例,可1例,优良率96.9％.[结论]单纯髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征可以根据shelf征、MPP试验及MRI检查共同确定临床诊断,应用关节镜技术可取得良好的治疗效果.     

髌内侧滑膜皱襞撕裂的诊断及治疗

目的 :讨论髌内侧滑膜皱襞撕裂的诊断及治疗方法。方法 :698例关节镜检查中髌内侧滑膜皱襞撕裂者 34例 ,占 4 % ,均在局麻关节镜下行撕裂的滑膜皱襞切除术 ,术后在髌内侧滑膜皱襞的对应处用绷带加压包扎 2～ 3d。结果 :术后随访 2～ 1 0年 ,由髌内侧滑膜皱襞撕裂引起的疼痛均消失 ,膝关节功能恢复正常。结论 :关节镜下切除撕裂的髌内侧滑膜皱襞创伤小 ,恢复快 ,效果好     

髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的关节镜治疗

目的:探讨关节镜下微创治疗髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的临床效果.方法:2000年5月～2003年4月对37例髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征患者进行治疗,男25例,女12例,平均年龄32.8岁.8例病史较短采用皱襞部分切除,29例采用皱襞完全切除.结果:术后32例获随访,随访4～35个月,平均20.5个月,其中优25例(78.1%),良5例(15.6%),可2例(6.3%),优良率93.7%.结论:关节镜下诊断治疗髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征创伤小、恢复快、疗效确实.     

髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的关节镜治疗

目的:探讨关节镜下微创治疗髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的临床效果.方法:2000年5月～2003年4月对37例髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征患者进行治疗,男25例,女12例,平均年龄32.8岁.8例病史较短采用皱襞部分切除,29例采用皱襞完全切除.结果:术后32例获随访,随访4～35个月,平均20.5个月,其中优25例(78.1%),良5例(15.6%),可2例(6.3%),优良率93.7%.结论:关节镜下诊断治疗髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征创伤小、恢复快、疗效确实.     

诊断不明膝关节交锁症的病因探讨和疗效观察

目的　探讨诊断不明膝关节交锁症的病因、症状特点 ,经关节镜治疗后的临床疗效。　方法　对 4 7例膝关节不明原因交锁的病例均施行关节镜检查。镜下发现的病变 :34例滑膜疾病、4例Hof fa病、9例髌股关节排列异常 ,滑膜疾病镜下刨削切除滑膜皱襞、增生肥厚的滑膜团块及滑膜瘤样病变 ,Hoffa病镜下部分切除髌下脂肪垫 ,髌骨半脱位行髌骨外侧支持带松解、胫骨结节前内侧移位。　结果　平均随访 1年 ,全部病例术后交锁症状消失 ,4 6例膝关节疼痛完全消失或明显缓解 ,术前存在膝关节功能障碍的大多数病例术后恢复或接近正常。　结论　诊断不明膝关节交锁症的原因较多 ,其主要病因是滑膜疾病、Haffa病、髌股关节排列异常。关节镜术是一个重要的诊断和治疗手段 ,并可获得满意的临床效果。     

髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征为主的膝关节内紊乱

目的:通过临床病例观察,探讨膝内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的诊断、类型及与半月板损伤、软骨损害的关系,分析膝内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的特点及在骨性关节炎发病中所起的作用。方法:关节镜下治疗内侧滑膜皱襞综合征患者48例(53膝),其中男13例(13膝),女35例(40膝);年龄16~71岁,平均56岁;病程1个月~10年,平均26个月。48例于关节镜直视下观察并手术切除滑膜皱襞,处理相应病变。采用Lysholm膝关节量表记分法评价疗效。观察症状体征与实际病损的关系,计算术前与术中诊断的符合率。关节镜下观察症状性滑膜皱襞的部位、性状、分型及软骨磨损的部位和分级,分析增生的滑膜皱襞与半月板损伤、软骨损害的关系。对术前后Lysholm评分采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计学处理。结果:常见的软骨缺损有股骨内髁内侧的沟槽状缺损及股骨内侧滑车的类圆形缺损。软骨退变以股骨内髁非负重区为主,占总数的54.29%;以股骨滑车内侧次之,占40.00%;以髌骨内侧关节面为主的缺损居第3位,占5.71%。术后48例53膝均获随访,随访时间17个月~4年,平均28个月。Lysholm膝关节评分:术前平均(41.00±7.03)分,术后平均(85.00±8.01)分(t=-26.17,P<0.001),证明关节镜治疗效果显著。本组优(>90分)12膝,良(80~90分)37膝,可(70~79分)4膝,优良率92.45%,无复发及二次手术者。结论:通过关节镜下特征性改变可以对内侧滑膜皱襞综合征做出明确诊断,股骨内髁及滑车软骨的沟槽状及类圆形磨损是2种典型的皱襞引起的软骨缺损。镜下切除滑膜皱襞疗效满意,对防止软骨进一步损害有积极的意义。     

膝关节镜诊治滑膜皱襞综合征

内侧滑膜皱襞是最常引起临床症状的皱襞，滑膜皱襞综合征常指内侧滑膜皱襞综合征，滑膜皱襞综合征症状不典型，单纯依靠物理检查医生难以确切诊断，致使患者延误治疗。我院自2001年3月-2003年4月对87例膝关节内侧疼痛患者进行膝关节镜检查，其中被诊断为滑膜皱襞综合征19例，经关节镜治疗，取得了满意疗效。     

关节镜治疗膝关节滑膜皱襞综合症临床疗效

滑膜皱襞综合征是引起膝关节功能障碍的常见病因之一[1]。滑膜皱襞是胎儿期膝关节滑膜隔板退化的残余，其中髌内侧皱襞与滑膜皱襞综合征关系最为密切[2]，我院自2003年12月-2013年6月在关节镜下共治疗膝关节滑膜皱襞综合征23例27膝，疗效满意。     

Retinacular band excision improves outcome in treatment of plica syndrome

Mild symptoms usually continue after excision of the medial patellar plica. We noticed that the palpable tender cord, located on the anteromedial aspect of the knee in patients with plica syndrome, did not disappear completely after excision of the synovial fold. Beneath all plicae, a retinacular band was visible, and only after excisions of this band did the cord become impalpable. We conducted a study to determine the role of these medial retinacular bands in the symptomatology of the disorder. Twenty-four knees of 22 patients diagnosed with medial patellar plica syndrome were divided into two groups. In the first group, arthroscopic excision of the synovial plica was performed. In the second group, retinacular bands beneath the plica were additionally excised. When Lysholm scores were compared, we found that the second group showed significantly greater improvement. We believe that the retinacular bands play a role in the symptomatology and the pathophysiology of plica syndrome and that excision improves the outcome.

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Résumé Habituellement des symptômes discrets persistent après excision du plica médiopatellaire. Nous avons constaté que le cordon palpable présent dans la partie antéromédiale du genou chez les malades avec un syndrome de plica na pas complètement disparu après excision du repli synovial. Sous tous les plicas une bande retinaculaire était visible et seulement après excision de cette bande le cordon est devenu impalpable. Nous avons conduit une étude pour déterminer le rôle de ces bandes rétinaculaire médiales dans la symptomatologie persistante. Vingt-quatre genoux de 22 malades présentant un syndrome du plica médio patellaire ont été divisés en 2 groupes. Lexcision arthroscopique du plica synovial était faite dans le premier groupe et dans le deuxième groupe la bande rétinaculaire sous le plica a été excisée en plus. Quand les scores de Lysholm ont été comparés nous avons vu que le deuxième groupe avait une meilleure amélioration, statistiquement significative. Nous croyons que cette bande rétinaculaire joue un rôle dans la symptomatologie et la physiopathologie du syndrome du plica et que son excision améliore le résultat.

     

Clinical diagnosis of medial plica syndrome of the knee: a prospective study

Clinical diagnosis of symptomatic medial plica that causes anteromedial knee pain is poorly defined in the literature; therefore, arthroscopy is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosing this condition. We report our system of clinical diagnosis for medial plica syndrome that is based on patient history and our criteria for clinical examination. This prospective study included 48 symptomatic patients (66 knees) with clinical suspicion of pathological medial plica based on five essential and four desirable criteria. All patients underwent arthroscopic examination to confirm or disprove the clinical diagnosis and also treatment. Arthroscopy confirmed the clinical diagnosis of medial plicae in 44 patients (62 knees) for a diagnostic accuracy of 91.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80% to 97.7%) and sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 92% to 100%). The 44 patients with pathological medial plicae at arthroscopy were treated by arthroscopic resection. Thirty-nine patients (55 knees) showed satisfactory outcome after arthroscopy (95% CI: 75.4%, 96.2%). Our method of clinical diagnosis of pathological medial plica is simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and reliable. We conclude arthroscopy is successful in treating this condition.     

髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征临床诊断标准的探讨

目的提高髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征的临床诊断水平。方法通过对６７例经关节镜证实为病理性内侧滑膜皱襞膝关节的术前临床表现的回顾性分析,探讨其临床诊断标准。结果髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征有以下主要临床表现：（１）患者均有膝痛和髌内侧压痛;（２）可触及痛性索条;（３）“压迫股内髁膝关节屈伸试验”阳性;（４）麦氏征阳性。结论（１）膝痛及髌内侧压痛伴有“压迫股内髁膝关节屈伸试验”阳性、触及痛性索条、麦氏征阳性中的任一项,即可初步诊断为髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征;（２）膝痛及髌内侧压痛伴有“压迫股内髁膝关节屈伸试验”阳性、触及痛性索条、麦氏征阳性中的二项或三项,即可确立诊断     

Knee joint hemarthrosis--differential diagnostic considerations for planning an operation

From 1980 to the end of 1988, arthroscopy has been performed on 620 patients with acute hemarthrosis of the knee joint. Of all the intraarticular lesions, 89.4% required surgery. Arthroscopy has changed in the last decade from diagnostic screening to invasive instrumentation for exact operative planing and alternative operative techniques. Hemarthrosis in stable knee joints was caused by minor lesions (7.84%) that did not require surgical procedures. Seventy-three patients had traumatic patellar dislocations--in 33 cases associated with chondral or osteochondral fractures. In 54.8% of the isolated medial retinacular ruptures, simple suture was performed in 14 cases--3 times arthroscopically and 11 times open, combined with lateral retinacular release without redislocation following. Associated chondral fracture indicated surgery in all cases. Isolated meniscus pathology (12.48%) was treated by arthroscopy alone, and refixation of the medial meniscus was carried out using the inside-out technique in 27 cases. Arthroscopic elevation of lateral tibia plateau fracture--indicated by type II fracture according to the AO classification--was performed in 3 cases with excellent results, and was associated with screw fixation and image intensification in 2 patients. Intercondylar eminence fracture is an excellent indication for arthroscopic refixation in the presence of the mono- or two-fragment type of fracture. ACL rupture is the main intra-articular pathology (64.8%) for hemarthrosis of the knee joint, which was diagnosed as an acute injury within the 1st week following trauma (51.04%). Anterior instability can be detected clinically if a careful examination with the Lachman test, combined with the missing end-point and pivot-shift test, is performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Review article: Plica syndrome of the knee

Plica syndrome is a pathological condition secondary to inflammation. Plicae around the knee are common and generally asymptomatic. They often are misdiagnosed. The morphology of knee plicae varies; mediopatellar plicae are the most common cause of the plicae syndrome. An intermittent dull pain is the most common symptom. Diagnosis is made by exclusion. Ultrasonography is useful; arthroscopy is the gold standard. Arthroscopic removal of the plica may be necessary when conservative treatment for up to 6 months fails.     

双切口手术入路在膝关节镜中的应用

目的 探讨应用双切口人路进行关节镜诊治膝关节疾病的疗效。方法 对36例单纯半月板损伤、膝关节内游离体或滑膜皱襞综合征患者应用双切口人路进行治疗。结果全部病例随访8．15个月。按Lysholm膝关节评分标准：优（〉90分）27例,良（80-90分）6例,可（〈80分）3例,优良率91．7％。结论 双切口人路在治疗单纯半月板损伤、膝关节内游离体或滑膜皱襞综合征的关节镜手术中同样可以达到满意的诊断和治疗目的。     

Arthroscopy of the knee in pre-adolescent children

Introduction: Arthroscopic operations performed in the pediatric age group constitute less than 5% of all arthroscopies. Diagnostic accuracy is reported to be lower than the procedures in adult patients. The incidence of pathologies also varies in the literature. We aimed at assessing the diagnostic accuracy of arthroscopy and review the incidence of pathologies in pre-adolescent patients. Materials and methods: In the period April 1990–January 2002, 50 pre-adolescent patients underwent knee arthroscopy after clinical and radiological assessment. Average age was 10.24 (1–13) with a male-to-female ratio of 34:16. Results: Discoid lateral meniscus was found to be the most common pathology encountered in 17 cases followed by infection and synovitis in 8 cases each. Diagnostic accuracy of arthroscopy correlated with preoperative clinical and radiologic evaluation was 90%. Arthroscopy findings were negative in two cases. Two cases of plica syndrome and one case of chondral injury were mistaken for medial meniscal tear. Final diagnosis was familial Mediterranean fever in one case of synovitis and knee fusion was performed at follow-up due to progressive degenerative changes. No other patient required reoperation. Conclusion: Arthroscopy is a safe procedure with minor morbidity allowing treatment of various intraarticular knee disorders. Diagnostic accuracy of the procedure may increase with careful preoperative work-up.     

病理性滑膜皱襞组织神经解剖结构的分布规律研究

目的观察研究膝关节髌内侧滑膜皱襞综合征（MPS）患者病理性滑膜皱襞组织中神经解剖结构的分布规律。方法 膝关节镜下采集2007年5月至2008年11月实验组（MPS）20例和对照组11例（无症状滑膜皱襞）患者的髌内侧滑膜皱襞,采用LsAB和免疫荧光法进行蛋白基因产物9.5（PGP9.5）、P物质（SP）免疫组化染色,半定量测量神经分布区域密度,采用t检验比较实验组和对照组神经分布密度差异,采用配对t检验比较皱襞游离缘和基底部之间神经密度的差异。结果 （1）膝关节髌内侧滑膜皱襞中存在神经纤维的分布：神经结构主要呈游离神经纤维、神经纤维束、血管周围神经网络三种主要的形态存在,走行与血管相伴,主要分布于血管周围区域。（2）实验组PGP9.5阳性纤维密度（纤维/cm2）：滑膜皱襞游离缘为（190.17±91.66）,基底部为（334.39±115.68）;SP染色阳性纤维密度在游离缘为（153.63±100.73）,基底部为（282.95±126.10）。对照组PGP9.5阳性纤维密度为（37.65±22.91）;SP阳性纤维密度为（23.23±18.41）。两种神经染色方法均证实：（1）MPS组患者髌内侧滑膜皱襞中阳性纤维密度与对照组间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;（2）病理性髌内侧滑膜皱襞基底部阳性纤维密度明显高于游离缘（P〈0.01）。结论 膝关节髌内侧滑膜皱襞中存在神经纤维的分布,在引起髌股关节疼痛的病理性髌内侧滑膜皱襞中神经纤维分布明显增多,其分布规律为：皱襞基底部的神经纤维数明显高于游离缘;表达与疼痛的产生和传导密切相关的P物质染色阳性的感觉神经纤维明显增多提示髌内侧滑膜皱襞基底部区域是产生髌股关节疼痛的高危区域。