寰枢椎脱位不同后路融合术对相邻节段退变的影响

目的:观察寰枢椎脱位不同后路融合术对其相邻节段退变的影响。方法:2000年6月~2010年6月共纳入43例寰枢椎脱位患者,按照后路融合方式分为寰枢融合组(23例)和枕颈融合组(20例)。记录两组患者末次随访时相邻节段C2-3半脱位(SAS)的出现率及活动度,术前及末次随访时的C2/3椎间隙高度与C3椎体高度的比值(S值)及C2-7矢状位角度,并进行统计学比较。结果:两组术前的JOA评分、S值及C2-7矢状位角度差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。寰枢融合组随访时间为7.40±1.51年,枕颈融合组随访时间为6.97±1.32年,组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。23例行寰枢融合术者出现2例SAS(8.7%),20例行枕颈融合术者出现7例SAS(35%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。寰枢融合组和枕颈融合组末次随访时S值均较术前减小,枕颈融合组S值减小更明显,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,寰枢融合组及枕颈融合组C2-3活动度分别为3.78°±3.01°和1.45°±1.72°,两组比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。寰枢融合组C2-7矢状位角度由术前的15.16°±5.66°降至末次随访的12.40°±9.34°,枕颈融合组由术前的15.54°±6.54°降至末次随访的-0.22°±12.45°,两组末次随访的C2-7矢状位角度有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:寰枢融合术比枕颈融合术的颈椎相邻节段退变发生率低、程度轻,临床上应严格掌握手术指征,不要轻易行枕颈融合。     

上颈椎术后颈椎矢状位参数变化及影响因素

目的:分析寰枢椎脱位患者上颈椎术后颈椎矢状位参数变化及影响因素。方法:对2011年3月至2022年7月行上颈椎手术的15例寰枢椎脱位患者进行回顾性分析,统计所有患者的基本信息及术前与末次随访的矢状位参数,包括枕颈角(C0-C2 Cobb角)、下颈椎曲度(C2-C7 Cobb角)、T1倾斜角、颈椎矢状面轴向垂直距离(C2-C7 SVA),并进行统计学分析。结果:末次随访时患者的C2-C7 Cobb角为15.18°±12.41°,小于术前的24.30°±15.57°;末次随访时患者的T1倾斜角为28.09°±15.20°,大于术前的24.14°±15.59°,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。末次随访时患者C0-C2 Cobb角和C2-C7 SVA增大,但与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。ΔC2-C7 Cobb角与术前C2-C7 Cobb角的大小有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前C2-C7 Cobb角>20°的患者术后均出现不同程度的下颈椎曲度减小。结论:接受上颈椎手术的寰枢椎脱位患者术后可能出现下颈椎曲度减小,术后下颈椎曲度的丢失与术前C...     

颈椎人工椎间盘置换术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的长期疗效

目的 :观察颈椎人工椎间盘置换术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的长期疗效。方法 :回顾性分析我院2003年12月~2007年12月17例因脊髓型颈椎病行单节段Bryan人工椎间盘置换术且随访10年以上患者的临床资料,手术时年龄37~76岁(平均57.2±8.9岁),男13例,女4例。手术节段:C4/5 3例,C5/6 9例,C6/7 5例。依据术前CT及MRI检查结果将患者分为两组:单纯颈椎间盘突出组7例,合并骨赘形成组10例。分别于术前及末次随访时评估患者影像学指标,包括颈椎整体活动度(ROM)、手术节段ROM、手术节段Cobb角与高等级(3~4级)椎旁骨化;临床功能评价指标包括JOA评分、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)及Odom′s评定。比较两组间各评价指标的差异及组内术前术后各指标差异。计量数据使用t检验进行统计分析,等级数据使用非参数检验中的Mann-Whitney检验进行统计分析,P0.05为有显著性差异。结果:单纯颈椎间盘突出组患者手术时年龄56.1±11.7岁,男5例,女2例,C5/6节段3例,C6/7节段4例,手术节段ROM术前为8.18°±3.70°,末次随访时为9.07°±4.76°,1例出现ROM丧失;颈椎整体ROM术前为42.78°±14.89°,末次随访时为47.34°±6.93°;手术节段Cobb角术前为2.77°±1.08°,末次随访时为2.37°±1.48°;各影像学评估指标(颈椎整体ROM、手术节段ROM、手术节段Cobb角)末次随访时与术前比较无显著性差异(P0.05);1例(14.3%)出现局部后凸,1例出现高等级椎旁骨化。合并骨赘形成组患者手术时年龄57.9±7.0岁,男8例,女2例,C4/5节段3例,C5/6节段6例,C6/7节段1例,手术节段ROM术前为11.46°±5.19°,末次随访时为6.41°±4.87°,3例出现ROM丧失;颈椎整体ROM术前为45.53°±11.89°,末次随访时为41.60°±13.45°;手术节段Cobb角术前为2.14°±1.35°,末次随访时为1.29°±1.33°,末次随访时手术节段ROM及Cobb角较术前明显下降(P0.05),1例出现局部后凸,4例出现高等级椎旁骨化。末次随访时,单纯颈椎间盘突出组患者JOA评分改善率为(76.73±25.53)%,NDI%下降(12.29±6.26)%,Odom′s标准评定优良率为100.0%;合并骨赘形成组患者JOA评分改善率为(82.90±19.03)%,NDI%下降(10.00±4.32)%,Odom′s标准评定优良率为100.0%。术前及末次随访时颈椎整体ROM、手术节段ROM、手术节段Cobb角、JOA评分、NDI%及Odoms评分两组比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:颈椎人工椎间盘置换术治疗脊髓型颈椎病具有较好的长期疗效。单纯颈椎间盘突出导致的脊髓型颈椎病患者人工椎间盘置换术后远期手术节段ROM的维持优于合并骨赘形成患者。     

后路寰枢椎融合术后颈椎矢状面参数变化及相关因素分析

目的:测量后路寰枢椎融合手术对颈椎矢状面参数的变化,并对其相关影响因素进行评估。方法:回顾性研究2015年1月～2017年12月收治的寰枢椎脱位病例18例,男8例,女10例,年龄25～72岁,平均49.6±13.7岁。所有寰枢椎脱位患者均行单纯后路复位C1～C2固定融合术,随访时间为5～17个月,平均7.4±3.7个月。测量患者术前和末次随访时的枕颈角(C0～C2角)、下颈椎前凸角(C2～C7角)、颈椎前凸角(C0～C7角)、颈椎矢状面轴向垂直距离(C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis,C2-C7 SVA)、C1～C2角、T1倾斜角(T1 slope,T1S)、颈部倾斜角(neck tilt,NT)和胸廓入口角(thoracic inlet angle,TIA)等颈椎矢状面参数。在末次随访时,术后C2～C7角比术前减小的病例归为下颈椎前凸曲度减小组(5例),而术后C2～C7角比术前增加或不变的病例纳入下颈椎前凸曲度增加组(13例)。采用卡方检验做下颈椎前凸曲度减小与性别、年龄(以60岁为界限)、术前T1S(以25°为界限)、术前C2-C7 SVA(以15mm为界限)、术前TIA(以70°为界限)、术前C2-C7角(以20°为界限)、术前C0-C2角(以20°为界限)、术前C0-C7角(以45°为界限)和术后C1-C2角(以20°为界限)等临床因素相关性的单因素分析。采用Logistic回归对术后下颈椎前凸曲度减小的相关因素进行多因素分析。结果:所有患者术前和末次随访时的C0～C2角分别为21.6°±16.4°和28.3°±8.6°、C2～C7角分别为15.3°±12.9°和16.4°±11.1°、C0～C7角分别为36.8°±19.7°和44.9°±13.2°、C1～C2角分别为12.4°±17.6°和17.5°±7.3°、C2～C7 SVA分别为13.4±14.7mm和15.1±11.7mm、T1S分别为22.8°±8.2°和23.5°±7.3°、NT分别为50.8°±9.5°和51.9°±8.9°、TIA分别为73.6°±11.1°和75.4°±10.0°,以上这些颈椎矢状面参数在术前与末次随访的比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。对两组患者术前和末次随访的颈椎矢状面参数进行比较,前凸减小组的术前C2～C7角明显大于前凸增加组(27.6°±10.5°vs 10.5°±10.5°,P0.05),余参数比较无统计学差异。单因素卡方分析显示术后下颈椎前凸曲度减小与术前C2～C7角≥20°有关(χ~2=4.923,P=0.026),多因素Logistic回归分析显示术前C2～C7角≥20°并不是独立危险因素(OR=0.147,P=0.225)。结论:后路寰枢椎融合术后有可能发生下颈椎前凸曲度减小,而术前C2-C7角≥20°是术后下颈椎前凸曲度减小的危险因素。     

下颈椎前路减压融合术后颈椎矢状位平衡的变化

目的 :探讨下颈椎前路减压融合术后颈椎矢状位平衡的变化。方法 :回顾性分析2012年1月~2016年12月在上海市东方医院脊柱外科因颈椎病接受颈前路椎间盘切除减压椎间融合手术(ACDF)患者的资料,共纳入326例,其中男175例,女151例;年龄34~81岁(56.0±9.4岁)。随访12~30个月(18.5±6.4个月),根据融合节段数分为四组:单节段融合组69例,双节段融合组85例,三节段融合组90例,四节段融合组82例。在术前及术后12个月随访时的颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎矢状位参数:C0-2 Cobb角、C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7矢状垂直距离(C2-7 SVA)和T1倾斜角(T1S),并记录手术前后JOA评分及颈肩臂疼痛VAS评分,计算术后12个月时各组参数改变量。单因素方差分析比较参数及评分指标改变量组间差异,Pearson相关性探讨术前及术后12个月颈椎矢状位参数变化关系。结果 :四组患者一般资料无统计学差异(P0.05)。术前和ACDF术后12个月,单节段融合组C0-2 Cobb角为21.07°±8.21°和20.92°±5.99°,C2-7 Cobb角为15.29°±8.64°和17.69°±11.25°,C2-7 SVA为20.94±10.77mm和20.61±10.23mm,T1S为23.02°±8.64°和24.05°±9.35°,术前与术后比较均无统计学差异(P0.05);双节段融合组C0-2 Cobb角为20.38°±7.49°和24.20°±7.96°,C2-7 Cobb角为13.04°±8.07°和15.85°±10.53°,C2-7 SVA为18.57±11.88mm和23.73±9.87mm,T1S为24.28°±6.71°和28.65°±7.64°,术前与术后比较均有统计学差异(P0.05);三节段融合组C0-2 Cobb角为16.76°±6.24°和20.54°±6.58°,C2-7 Cobb角为11.46°±7.83°和15.12°±10.42°,C2-7 SVA为19.36±8.40mm和25.25±12.20mm,T1S为26.56°±9.47°和30.39°±7.31°,术前与术后比较均有统计学差异(P0.05);四节段融合组C0-2 Cobb角为15.44°±6.50°和18.39±6.26°,C2-7 Cobb角为11.54°±8.30°和19.61°±5.53°,C2-7 SVA为22.39±12.60mm和27.68±11.17mm,T1S为24.70°±6.30°和31.22°±6.45°,术前与术后比较均有统计学差异(P0.05)。术前和术后12个月,四组组内T1S与C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7 SVA均呈正相关,C2-7 Cobb角与C2-7 SVA均呈负相关;术后12个月,四组间C0-2 Cobb角、C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7 SVA及T1S改变量比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.010、0.001、0.003、0.002)。结论 :下颈椎前路减压单节段融合后颈椎矢状位平衡无明显变化;双节段及长节段融合后颈椎矢状位平衡显著改变,但下颈椎矢状位序列维持动态稳定。     

C3-7单开门椎管扩大成形术后颈椎矢状位序列的变化及其与颈椎功能的相关性

目的:探究颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术后全颈椎矢状位序列的变化,探讨颈椎矢状位序列变化的意义及其与患者颈椎功能状态的关系。方法:回顾性分析我院2015年1月～2018年7月收治的脊髓型颈椎病患者164例,其中男性95例,女性69例,年龄64.8±18.3(48～86)岁。随访时间22.7±11.3(9～46)个月。所有患者均行C3-7后路单开门椎管扩大成形术。在患者术前和末次随访的颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎矢状位序列参数:C1-2 Cobb角、C2-7 Cobb角、颈椎弧弦距(cervical arc chord distance,CACD)、颈倾角(cervical tilting,CERT)、颅倾角(cranial tilting,CRAT)、颈总角(cervical global alignment,CGA)、T1倾斜角(thoracic 1 slope,T1S),C7倾斜角(C7 slope,C7S)和C2-7矢状垂线轴(C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。记录入组患者术前及末次随访时颈痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)及改良日本骨科协会评分(modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association,mJOA)评分,采用配对样本t检验比较手术前后各参数的变化,Pearson相关性分析颈椎矢状位序列参数变化之间的相关性及与颈椎功能状态评分(颈痛VAS、mJOA评分)的相关性。结果:颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术后T1S较术前减小1.25°±3.34°(21.38°±7.54°vs 20.13°±7.16°,P=0.004),C7S较术前减小0.44°±4.23°(28.05°±7.72°vs 27.61°±7.81°,P=0.012),C2-7 Cobb角较术前减小5.51°±6.88°(15.92°±12.57°vs10.40°±10.93°,P0.001),CACD较术前减小1.50±3.92mm (6.94±5.69mm vs 5.44±5.52mm,P=0.003),CERT较术前减小2.23°±5.27°(13.45°±6.37°vs 11.22°±6.78°,P=0.001),C2-7 SVA较术前增大3.35±9.90mm (18.20±9.05mm vs 21.55±10.65mm,P=0.009),C1-2 Cobb角较术前增大2.06°±5.09°(39.56°±0.46°vs 41.62°±0.70°,P=0.002)。末次随访VAS(1.52±1.47分)显著高于术前(1.02±1.12分,P=0.007)。Pearson相关性分析显示C2-7SVA、CACD、CGA、C2-7 Cobb角、C1-2 Cobb角、CERT、CRAT的变化相互之间有显著统计相关性(P0.05)。手术前后VAS的变化与C2-7 SVA (r=0.462,P0.001)、C1-2 Cobb角(r=0.362,P0.01)及CRAT (r=0.323,P0.01)的变化呈正相关,与CGA(r=-0.316,P0.01)及CACD变化(r=-0.344,P0.01)呈负相关,mJOA评分手术前后的变化与C2-7 SVA(r=0.273,P0.05)及C1-2 Cobb角(r=0.298,P0.05)的变化呈正相关。结论:C3-7单开门椎管扩大成形术后出现下颈椎生理曲度变直,头部重心位置前移,上颈椎及颈胸段脊柱过伸。C3-7单开门椎管扩大成形术后轴性症状加重与颈椎矢状位序列的变化有关。     

下颈椎曲度远期变化与枕颈融合角度的关系

目的分析枕颈融合角度与下颈椎曲度远期变化的相关性。方法选取2001年6月至2011年6月于郑州大学第一附属医院就诊的28例寰枢椎脱位或颅底凹陷患者, 所有患者都接受后路枕颈固定融合术治疗, 利用PACS系统中侧位颈椎X线片对OC2A和C2～C7Cobb角度进行测定, 对患者术前、术后及随访时资料进行收集测量, 按照融合角度将患者分为A、B、C组, 采用Spearman相关性分析检验枕颈融合角度与下颈椎曲度变化的相关性。结果 28例患者中男12例, 女16例;年龄(38.5±12.4)岁;随访时间为(158.25±62.34)个月。5例A组患者OC2A固定角度在10°以内, 其术后6个月、术后5年及末次随访时, OC2A值组内差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。4例C组患者固定在20°以上, 其术后6个月、术后5年及末次随访时, C2～C7 Cobb角组内差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。C组中OC2A值与C2～C7 Cobb角度呈负相关(r=-0.797, P<0.01)。结论 OC2A与C2～C7 Cobb角度明显相关, 行后路枕颈固定融合术时应选取适宜的枕颈融合角度...     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症单开门椎管扩大成形术后颈椎矢状位参数变化与疗效的关系

目的 :探讨颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)患者行颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后颈椎矢状位参数变化与手术疗效的关系。方法:选取2009年1月~2013年1月在我院接受颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的OPLL患者68例,随访12~30个月。记录手术前后JOA(Japanese Orthopaedic Association)评分、颈肩臂疼痛VAS(visual analog scale)评分,计算神经功能JOA改善率(improvement rate,IR)。术前、术后和随访时行颈椎正侧位X线片、CT三维重建和MRI检查,测量术前及随访时的颈椎矢状位参数,包括C2-C7 Cobb角、C2-C7矢状面轴向距离(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)和T1倾斜角。结果:末次随访时JOA评分及VAS评分较术前明显改善(P0.001),神经功能恢复为优者21例,良30例,中14例,差3例,优良率为75%。末次随访时C2-C7 Cobb角由术前的15.4°±9.5°增大到17.4°±10.2°,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.166);C2-C7 SVA由术前的21.0±15.3mm增大到27.0±15.7mm,差异有统计学意义(P=0.009);T1倾斜角由术前的30.2°±10.1°增大到33.7°±8.0°,差异有统计学意义(P=0.044)。术前T1倾斜角与C2-C7 Cobb角正相关(r=0.569,P0.01),与C2-C7 SVA正相关(r=0.544,P0.01)。C2-C7 Cobb角与C2-C7 SVA无显著相关性(r=0.05,P=0.798)。末次随访时C2-C7 Cobb角较术前增大24例,较术前减小44例,两组JOA评分和VAS评分变化、神经功能改善率无统计学差异;C2-C7SVA增加46例,减小22例,两组JOA评分和VAS评分变化、神经功能改善率亦无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 :颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗OPLL短期疗效确切,手术前后颈椎矢状参数的变化与患者的临床疗效无显著相关性。     

寰枢椎脱位行寰枢椎后路融合手术后的下颈椎曲度变化情况及其预测因素

目的 探讨寰枢椎脱位(atlantoaxial dislocation,AAD)患者行寰枢椎后路融合手术后的下颈椎曲度变化情况,并分析其潜在的预测因素.方法 纳入本院自2012年1月～2019年3月采用寰枢椎后路固定融合手术治疗的31例AAD患者作为研究对象,统计所有患者的性别、年龄和手术前后的下颈椎曲度(C2-C7角)、其他颈椎矢状面参数[包括:枕颈角(C0-C2角),C1-C2角,颈椎前凸角(C0-C7角),颈椎矢状面轴向垂直距离(C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis,C2-C7 SVA),T1倾斜角(T1 slope,T1 S),颈部倾斜角(neck tilt,NT)和胸廓入口角(thoracic inlet angle,TIA)]变化情况.随访观察术后C2-C7角变化情况,若有所减小,则视为下颈椎曲度减小(A组);若有所增加或不变者,纳入B组.对两组患者性别、年龄等人口学资料,以及手术前后的相关颈椎矢状位参数进行单因素分析;并以二分类Logistic回归分析对相关因素进行多因素分析.结果 31例AAD患者均顺利完成后路寰枢椎固定融合术,术后获访9～15个月、平均(12.1±2.8)个月,术后出现下颈椎曲度减小者9(29.03％)例.单因素分析显示,术前C2-C7角、术后C1-C2角存在统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,术前C2-C7角≥20°(OR=8.276,P=0.001)和术后C1-C2角≥20°(OR=6.754,P=0.013),均是AAD患者术后下颈椎曲度减小的独立预测因素.结论 下颈椎曲度减小在AAD患者行寰枢椎后路固定融合手术后并不少见,术前C2-C7角≥20°、术后C1-C2角≥20°可增加其发生风险.     

两种不同手术方式治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折的疗效对比

目的 :比较后路C2/3融合内固定术与前路颈椎间盘切除融合术联合后路C2椎弓根螺钉内固定术两种不同术式治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年3月～2017年8月行不同手术方式治疗的34例不稳定性Hangman骨折患者。20例患者接受后路C2/3融合内固定术(P组),14例患者接受前路颈椎间盘切除融合术联合后路C2椎弓根螺钉内固定术(AP组)。记录并比较两组患者术前和末次随访的脊髓损伤分级(ASIA)、视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)、患者满意度评价(Odom分级);以及入院时、术前和末次随访时的颈椎矢状面平衡影像学相关参数:枕颈角、C2/3 Cobb角、颈椎前凸角(cervical lordosis,CL)、颈椎矢状面轴向垂直距离(C2～C7 sagittal vertical axis,cSVA),并进行组间比较。结果:两组患者末次随访时颈痛及颈部活动受限等症状均较术前明显改善。P组手术时间(105.7±13.8min)较AP组(177.9±14.7min)短(P0.05),P组共3例ASIA D级患者恢复至E级,AP组共2例ASIA D级患者恢复至E级。两组末次随访的VAS、NDI评分均较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。两组术前及末次随访时的各指标组间比较均无统计学差异(P0.05);末次随访与术前的VAS、NDI变化量的组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。末次随访的Odom分级示P组有17例评价优良,优良率为85.0%;AP组有13例评价优良,优良率为92.9%,两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组术前枕颈角、C2/3 Cobb角、CL、cSVA差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,两组枕颈角与cSVA均较术前减小,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001);而末次随访的C2/3Cobb角与CL均较术前增大,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。对手术前后各影像学参数的变化量进行组间比较,AP组改变程度均较P组显著,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:后路C2/3融合内固定术与ACDF联合后路C2椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗不稳定性Hangman骨折均可获得满意疗效,然而前后路联合术式更加有利于恢复颈椎矢状位曲度。     

Pediatric elbow measurement parameters: Evaluation of the six angles in inter- and intra-observer reliability

BackgroundSeveral radiographic measurements of the humerus can be used to evaluate the treatment outcome of supracondylar fractures in children. Because of the cartilaginous nature of the immature elbow, interpretation of radiographs around this area is sometimes challenging and can be unreliable. This study was conducted to determine the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the six commonly used radiographic measurements of the distal humerus.MethodThe Baumann angle, humero-ulna angle, metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle, radial epiphyseal angle, shaft-condylar angle and lateral capitellohumeral angle of the humerus were measured by two observers on the radiographs of uninjured elbows from 58 children. The values between each measurement were compared and correlated using a Pearson coefficient of correlation to determine the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability.ResultsAll of the radiographic parameters showed excellent intra-observer reliability with the correlation coefficient values of the Baumann angle, humero-ulna angle, metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle, radial epiphyseal angle, shaft-condylar angle, lateral capitellohumeral angle as 0.945, 0.95, 0.909, 0.888, 0.961 and 0.975 (p < 0.001), respectively. The inter-observer reliability of the Baumann and humero-ulna angles were also found to be highly correlated at r = 0.843 (p < 0.001) and 0.878 (p < 0.001), respectively. The metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle had poor reliability with r = 0.136 (p = 0.291) while the radial epiphyseal angle, shaft-condylar angle, and lateral capitellohumeral angle demonstrated good reliability with r = 0.675 (p < 0.001), 0.747 (p < 0.001), and 0.686 (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionThe Baumann angle and humero-ulna angle measurements of distal humerus showed excellent inter- and intra-observer reliability. Both parameters represent repeatable and reliable methods for determining the outcome of supracondylar humeral fractures in pediatric population.     

肱骨近端三维解剖结构的测量分析

目的利用多层螺旋CT容积再现技术测量国人肱骨近端三维解剖结构核心参数,比较性别和侧别的差异,为研制适用于国人解剖结构特点的新一代肱骨近端假体提供参考。方法征集重庆地区正常成年志愿者100例,男59例,女41例;年龄21～57岁,平均40.4岁。经多层螺旋CT扫描双侧肩峰至肱骨滑车末端后,将信息传送到LEONARDO工作站。利用容积再现技术测量前后扭转角(retroversion angle,RA)、股骨头倾斜角(neck-shaft angle,NSA)、向内的偏心距(medial offset,MO)和向后的偏心距(posterior offset,PO)。将测量结果进行左右侧、男女性别间比较,并分析参数间相关性。结果 100例200侧肩关节RA为(19.9±10.6)°,NSA为(134.7±3.8)°,MO为(4.0±1.1)mm,PO为(2.6±1.3)mm。RA及MO左、右侧比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);NSA及PO左、右侧比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性双侧肩关节RA及PO均大于女性(P<0.05),NSA及MO均相似(P>0.05)。PO和RA成正相关(r=0.617,P=0.000),MO和NSA无相关性(r=—0.124,P=0.081)。结论 RA及MO存在侧别差异,不能用对侧测量值作为模板;RA和PO存在性别差异。假体设计和肱骨近端重建时,需注意考虑以上因素。     

Hallux valgus and hypermobility of the first ray: facts and fiction

The aetiology of hallux valgus with regard to stability of the first metatarsocuneiform joint has historically been subject to much debate. Associations between the magnitude of the intermetatarsal angle and the hallux valgus angle have previously been established. Metatarsocuneiform joint coronal plane mobility is necessary for a concomitant increase in both of these angles. Although metatarsocuneiform joint hypermobility has been implicated in the development of a hallux valgus deformity, isolated sagittal plane instability has thus far not been proven to be a definitive cause.     

Radiological evaluation of pelvic inlet and outlet radiographic view in Indian population

Background

Pelvic fractures represent one of the most challenging clinical problems in which an urgent multidisciplinary approach is required. The early management in a suspected pelvic fracture starts with the good radiological evaluation. The standard radiographic view includes the anteroposterior, inlet and outlet views. The inlet and outlet views are taken with 45° tilt from anteroposterior plane. However, recent studies have shown that there is significant individual variation within the population and these values should be redefined.

Digital Planning for Foot and Ankle Deformity Correction: Evans Osteotomy

Preoperative planning is commonly performed for many foot and ankle procedures. The purpose of the present study was to prospectively determine the preoperative digital planning accuracy of predicting the calcaneal graft size used during the “Evans” calcaneal osteotomy. Preoperative digital deformity correction planning, using a standard planning method (TraumaCad^® software), was performed on 10 feet scheduled to undergo an Evans procedure. Of the 10 patients, 6 were female and 4 were male, with an average age of 43 ± 22 years. Digital planning was used to predict the Evans graft size. The surgeon was unaware of the predicted graft size, which was then compared with the actual graft size inserted during the procedure. In addition, the pre- and postoperative radiographic angles were recorded and compared (anteroposterior view, talo–first metatarsal angle, calcaneocuboid abduction; lateral view, calcaneal inclination angle; and axial view, tibial–calcaneal angle). The average preoperative talo–first metatarsal angle, calcaneocuboid angle, calcaneal inclination angle, and tibial–calcaneal angle measured 21° ± 9.6°, 28.3° ± 9.0°, 13.8° ± 5.7°, and 15.3° ± 8.2°, respectively. The preoperative tibial–calcaneal position was 2.8 ± 1.2 mm. The radiographic weightbearing angles measured at an average follow-up of 7.4 (range 6 to 12) months improved to 6.3° ± 7.4° (p = .0015), 12.3° ± 6.1° (p < .001), 21.3° ± 7.7° (p = .0122), and 2.2° ± 3.6° (p = .0019) for the talo–first metatarsal, calcaneocuboid abduction, calcaneal inclination, and tibial–calcaneal angles, respectively. The final tibial–calcaneal position measured 1.4 ± 0.7 mm (p < .001). The preoperative Evans graft measurement (11.8 ± 2.6 mm) compared with the actual graft (12.2 ± 1.3 mm) placed was within 0.4 ± 1.8 mm (p = .51). Preoperative digital planning for Evans calcaneal osteotomy has been shown to be a valuable tool for predicting the surgical graft size for accurate pedal realignment.     

A Deep Learning Tool for Automated Radiographic Measurement of Acetabular Component Inclination and Version After Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundInappropriate acetabular component angular position is believed to increase the risk of hip dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. However, manual measurement of these angles is time consuming and prone to interobserver variability. The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning tool to automate the measurement of acetabular component angles on postoperative radiographs.MethodsTwo cohorts of 600 anteroposterior (AP) pelvis and 600 cross-table lateral hip postoperative radiographs were used to develop deep learning models to segment the acetabular component and the ischial tuberosities. Cohorts were manually annotated, augmented, and randomly split to train-validation-test data sets on an 8:1:1 basis. Two U-Net convolutional neural network models (one for AP and one for cross-table lateral radiographs) were trained for 50 epochs. Image processing was then deployed to measure the acetabular component angles on the predicted masks for anatomical landmarks. Performance of the tool was tested on 80 AP and 80 cross-table lateral radiographs.ResultsThe convolutional neural network models achieved a mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.878 and 0.903 on AP and cross-table lateral test data sets, respectively. The mean difference between human-level and machine-level measurements was 1.35° (σ = 1.07°) and 1.39° (σ = 1.27°) for the inclination and anteversion angles, respectively. Differences of 5? or more between human-level and machine-level measurements were observed in less than 2.5% of cases.ConclusionWe developed a highly accurate deep learning tool to automate the measurement of angular position of acetabular components for use in both clinical and research settings.Level of EvidenceIII.     

The Effect of Different Reduction Mandibuloplasty Types on Lower Face Width and Morphology

Mandibular angle ostectomy (MAO) and mandibular angle-splitting ostectomy (MASO) are the main surgical approaches for the aesthetic correction of a square and broad lower face. However, few data exist on the changes in lower face width and morphology after two different forms of reduction mandibuloplasty. The sample in the current study consisted of 42 Chinese patients: 22 who underwent MAO and 20 who received MASO. The standard frontal and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Some landmarks and reference lines from these radiographs were selected for measurement and evaluation of the changes in lower face width and lateral morphology of the mandible. The results demonstrated that both MAO and MASO can reduce the bigonial distance (MAO group mean, 10.4 mm; MASO group mean, 6.2 mm) and the frontal width of the lower face (MAO group mean, 15.4 mm; MASO group mean, 7.6 mm). However, further comparison showed that lower face width apparently is decreased more by MAO (10.4 mm) than by MASO (6.2 mm). In the lateral radiographs, gonial and mandibular plane angles were found to be significantly increased in MAO patients postoperatively (MAO group mean, 13.3 and 10.0 degrees, respectively), but only slight changes in these two angles were seen after MASO (MASO group mean, 1.6 and 1.5 degrees, respectively). This study suggests that MAO and MSAO can effectively reduce lower face width, but brings about some different aesthetic results.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧弯Cobb角与直线棘突角相关性分析

目的:分析轻中度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者Cobb角与X线片直线棘突角(spinous process angle,SPA)、体表直线SPA相关性,探讨直线SPA评估脊柱侧弯的可能性。方法:Cobb角与X线片直线棘突角相关性研究为单中心回顾性研究,纳入自2019年1月至2021年12月脊柱全长正位X线片的AIS患者,测量患者直线SPA与Cobb角,并对两者进行相关性分析。Cobb角与体表直线SPA相关性研究为前瞻性研究,纳入自2022年12月1日至2022年12月9日就诊的AIS患者,测量Cobb角与站立位下体表直线SPA,并对两者进行相关性分析。结果:回顾性研究中共纳入113例AIS患者,男26例,女87例,年龄10～18(14.02±2.16)岁;轻度AIS患者71例,中度AIS患者42例。AIS患者Cobb角与直线SPA存在明显负相关(r=-0.564,P<0.001),两者线性回归方程为:Cobb角=169.444-0.878×SPA;轻度侧弯患者Cobb角与直线SPA存在明显负相关(r=-0.269...     

150例健康成人枕颈角和后枕颈角影像参数测量及其临床意义

目的 :测量分析我国健康成人枕颈角(occipital-C2 angle,OC2A)和后枕颈角(posterior occipitocervical angle,POCA)影像学参数,分析两者与性别、年龄之间差异的变化情况,为后路枕颈固定融合术提供参考。方法:在我院体检中心随机筛选健康(无颈椎疾病及相关症状)志愿者,行标准颈椎正侧位X线平片检查,按照不同性别分为男女组各75例,各性别组根据不同年龄段分5个组:20~29岁、30~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁各15例。3名脊柱外科主治医生2次不同时间分别独自对健康体检者OC2A和POCA进行测量,采用组内相关系数评价观察者间和观察者内测量的可信度。获取我国健康成人OC2A和POCA参数值并进一步行两者随性别、年龄之间变化的统计学分析和两参数组内相关系数(intraclass correlation coefficient,ICC)分析。结果:150例健康成人OC2A、POCA分别为14.14°±3.70°、108.53°±7.80°,95%置信区间(confidence intervals,CI)分别为6.89°~21.39°、93.24°~123.82°;男性组OC2A和POCA分别为14.63°±3.10°、108.05°±7.48°,女性组OC2A和POCA分别为13.66°±4.18°、109.01°±8.14°,男女组之间OC2A和POCA差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。各性别组年龄段之间OC2A差异无统计学意义[男P=0.129,女P=0.160,One-Way ANOVA(LSD)],男性组60~69岁组POCA较20~29岁组和50~59岁组低(P0.05);女性组30岁以后POCA持续减小,60~69岁组小于20~29岁组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示OC2A与POCA负相关(r=-0.386,P0.001)。OC2A和POCA测量值在观察者间组内ICC分别为0.933和0.971,观察者内的ICC分别为0.916和0.935,P0.001。结论:我国健康成人OC2A和POCA值在性别之间无差异;OC2A值在各年龄段之间无变化,但POCA值随年龄增大而减小。术者可结合患者年龄,参考两参数的CI值及其负相关,确立后路枕颈固定融合术中OC2A和POCA角度的选择。