内皮脂肪酶与2型糖尿病大血管病变的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者血清内皮脂肪酶与糖尿病大血管病变的关系.方法 66例2型糖尿病患者根据有无大血管并发症分为大血管病变组(32例)及无大血管病变组(34例),30例健康者为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附法测定各组血清内皮脂肪酶水平,并进行组间比较.结果 大血管病变组血清内皮脂肪酶水平(3.31±1.30 ng/L)显著高于无大血管病变组(2.54±1.11 ng/L)和对照组(2.36±0.91 ng/L,P＜0.05),无大血管病变组与对照组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).相关分析表明2型糖尿病血清内皮脂肪酶与糖化血红蛋白及高敏C反应蛋白呈明显正相关(r分别为0.54和0.59,P＜0.01),与高密度脂蛋白呈负相关(r=-0.36,P＜0.05).结论 血浆内皮脂肪酶增高可能参与2型糖尿病患者大血管病变的发生、发展.     

糖尿病视网膜病变与血清胰岛素样生长因子、血管内皮生长因子水平的相关性

目的探讨糖尿病视网膜病变与血清胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平之间的关系。方法62例糖尿病患者按是否伴有视网膜病变分为两组:糖尿病不伴视网膜病变组和糖尿病伴视网膜病变组,测定其血糖、胰岛素、血脂、胰岛素样生长因子、血管内皮生长因子含量。结果糖尿病伴视网膜病变组的IGF-1水平为(135.48±52.78)μg/L,显著高于糖尿病不伴视网膜病变组(89.34±38.65)μg/L;血IGF-1水平与胰岛素抵抗指数正相关。糖尿病伴视网膜病变组的VEGF水平为(502.12±65.21)μg/L,显著高于糖尿病不伴视网膜病变组(356.23±52.31)μg/L;血VEGF水平与胰岛素抵抗指数正相关。血IGF-1与VEGF水平正相关。结论糖尿病并视网膜病变时,血IGF-1及VEGF水平均升高,且二者正相关。IGF-1及VEGF可能参与了糖尿病视网膜病变的发生和发展。     

睾酮抑制高盐喂养下雄性大鼠血管内皮生长因子的表达和释放

目的探讨不同水平睾酮对高盐饮食下雄性大鼠血管内皮生长因子的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠32只随机分为4组：假手术组（Sham组）,去势组（Cas组）,去势后补充睾酮组（TC组）,去势后补充睾酮和氟他胺组（FTC组）。每组8只。各组大鼠均以8%氯化钠高盐颗粒饲料喂养;Sham组施以假手术,Cas、TC及FTC组均施以去势手术。TC组及FTC组予丙酸睾酮2mg/kg、隔日1次皮下注射,FTC组同时予氟他胺1mg/kg、每日1次灌胃,持续8周。8周后采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）测定各组血清中睾酮、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的浓度,实时定量PCR（RT-PCR）测定血管内皮中VEGF mRNA的表达水平。结果（1）Cas组睾酮浓度[（0.26±0.02）μg/L]与Sham组[（3.15±0.54）μg/L]相比明显下降,而FTC组[（5.47±1.29）μg/L]、TC组[（2.80±0.30）ng/L]则明显升高（均P＜0.01）;（2）与Sham组的血清VEGF浓度[（20.837±13.823）ng/L]相比,Cas组[（47.246±19.733）ng/L, P＜0.01]和FTC组[（46.043±22.607）ng/L,P＜0.05]明显升高,TC组[（22.870±12.057）ng/L]则无明显差异（P＞0.05）;（3）与Sham组相比,Cas组和FTC组血管内皮细胞VEGF mRNA表达水平均显著降低（均P＜0.01）,而TC组无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论高盐饮食下,睾酮水平增高抑制血管内皮生长因子的表达和释放。     

2型糖尿病合并大血管病变患者的血清瘦素水平和临床意义

目的 探讨2型糖尿病合并大血管病变患者的血清瘦素水平及其临床意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法测定健康对照组、2型糖尿病合并大血管病变组和2型糖尿病未合并大血管病变组患者的血清瘦素水平.结果 2型糖尿病合并大血管病变组患者的瘦素水平显著高于未合并大血管病变组[(10.12 ±3.44)μg/L比(7.99 ±3.18) μg/L,P＜0.05]和对照组[(10.12±3.44)μg/L比(6.04±1.86) μg/L,P＜0.01].结论 2型糖尿病合并大血管病变的患者血清瘦素水平明显升高,瘦素与糖尿病大血管病变密切相关.     

血浆VEGF和PAI-1与糖尿病视网膜病变严重程度关系研究

目的探讨不同程度糖尿病视网膜病变患者血浆中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAT-1)水平的变化规律及其意义。方法收集2007年1月至12月新疆石河子大学医学院第一附属医院内分泌科和眼科就诊的2型糖尿病患者72例。用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法检测血浆VEGF和PAT-1水平。结果(1)糖尿病患者的血浆VEGF质量浓度明显高于正常对照组(NC组)[(17.86±12.25)ng/L],背景期视网膜病变组(BDR组)[(93.41±54.69)ng/L]明显高于无视网膜病变组(NDR组)[(52.17±21.81)ng/L]和增殖期视网膜病变组(PDR组)[(61.24±37.55)ng/L],但PDR组与NDR组比较差异无统计学意义;(2)糖尿病患者血浆PAI-1高于正常对照组,BDR组[(58.29±20.53)μg/L]和PDR组[(66.84±23.81)μg/L]明显高于NDR组[(44.88±16.36)μg/L],但BDR组和PDR组比较差异无统计学意义。结论糖尿病视网膜病变患者存在着血管内皮细胞的损伤和低纤溶状态,检测糖尿病患者血浆中VEGF和PAI-1对糖尿病视网膜病变的早期诊断和及时干预治疗可能具有重要意义。     

急性心肌梗死伴2型糖尿病患者内皮祖细胞动员障碍

目的观察急性心肌梗死伴2型糖尿病患者血浆缺血相关因子血管内皮生长因子和基质细胞衍生因子水平,骨髓内皮祖细胞动员是否存在障碍,以及基质细胞衍生因子、血管内皮生长因子-内皮祖细胞动员通路是否存在异常。方法采用密度梯度离心法分离外周血单个核细胞,用流式细胞仪检测急性心肌梗死后不同时间点(1、3、5、7、14和28天)外周血CD45-/low /CD34 /CD133 /KDR 早期内皮祖细胞数量。酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆中血管内皮生长因子、基质细胞衍生因子以及高敏C反应蛋白的浓度。结果急性心肌梗死伴2型糖尿病患者外周血内皮祖细胞动员高峰(第7天)较急性心肌梗死非糖尿病患者(第5天)延迟且显著减少[(140±48)/106比(246±100)/106,P<0.05]。糖尿病组血浆血管内皮生长因子(第5天:277±95ng/L比168±35ng/L,P<0.05)、基质细胞衍生因子(第5天:3835±402ng/L比3287±384ng/L,P<0.05)以及高敏C反应蛋白(第3天:55.55±14.88mg/L比36.92±14.83mg/L,P<0.05)在高峰点的水平显著高于非糖尿病组。结论糖尿病患者心肌梗死后组织缺血程度较重,但组织缺血后基质细胞衍生因子、血管内皮生长因子-内皮祖细胞动员通路存在障碍,这可能是糖尿病患者缺血后血管新生功能障碍,发生急性心肌梗死后预后较差的原因之一。     

血管内皮生长因子对内皮生长晕细胞冻存后复苏率及增殖、迁移能力的影响

目的研究血管内皮生长因子对冻存后内皮生长晕细胞复苏率及其增殖、迁移能力的影响。方法密度梯度离心法分离脐带血中单个核细胞,体外扩增培养内皮生长晕细胞,免疫组织化学法、荧光染色法鉴定内皮细胞特性。分别采用不含血管内皮生长因子和含50μg/L血管内皮生长因子的冻存液对内皮生长晕细胞进行冻存,分为正常组、对照组、50μg/L血管内皮生长因子组,24 h后复苏并观察细胞的复苏率及其增殖、迁移能力。结果50μg/L血管内皮生长因子组可提高冻存复苏后内皮生长晕细胞的复苏率。24 h内两组细胞增殖、迁移能力均较正常组减弱(P<0.01),但50μg/L血管内皮生长因子组显示对内皮生长晕细胞增殖、迁移能力的保护作用。48 h后50μg/L血管内皮生长因子组细胞迁移能力较正常组增强(P<0.01),增殖能力接近正常组(P>0.05),但对照组在观察期间内细胞增殖和迁移能力均较正常组与50μg/L血管内皮生长因子组减弱(P<0.01)。结论血管内皮生长因子可以提高冻存后内皮生长晕细胞的复苏率以及复苏后细胞的增殖、迁移能力。     

糖尿病及糖尿病合并下肢血管病变者血浆内皮微粒的变化

目的 研究正常人、糖尿病无大血管并发症(下称糖尿病,DM)、糖尿病合并下肢血管病变者(DL)循环内皮微粒(EMP)的水平,评价EMP做为内皮损伤的标志物可行性.方法 采用流式细胞术检测15例健康志愿者,15例单纯糖尿病患者和15例糖尿病合并下肢血管病变者血浆CD144阳性EMP水平.结果 糖尿病患者EMP水平较正常对照组升高[(418.59±102.65)个/μl、(617.13±147.19)个/μl,P<0.01],而糖尿病合并下肢血管病变者EMP水平又较糖尿病无并发症者升高[(617.13±147.19)个/μl、(1114.58±382.10)个/μl,P<0.05].结论 EMP可作为为评价糖尿病合并大血管病变的指标.     

血清脂联素和抵抗素与2型糖尿病及其大血管病变相关

测定2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素和抵抗素水平,发现2型糖尿病组血清脂联素浓度(2.51±1.42)mg/L低于正常对照组(5.26±0.78)mg/L,2型糖尿病大血管病变组为(1.38±0.77)mg/L又低于非大血管病变组(3.66±0.91)mg/L,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).2型糖尿病组血清抵抗素浓度(7.07±1.11)μg/L高于正常对照组(6.09±0.47)μg/L,2型糖尿病大血管病变组为(7.96±0.65)μg/L又高于非大血管病变组(6.10±0.43)μg/L,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).     

胃癌患者血清VEGF、MMP-9、内皮抑素水平变化及意义

目的观察胃癌患者血清血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）和内皮抑素的水平变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用ELISA法检测100例胃癌患者（观察组）和30例健康人（对照组）血清VEGF、MMP-9、内皮抑素。结果观察组患者血清VEGF、MMP-9、内皮抑素水平分别是（172.6±45.3）pg/ml、（158.6±39.4）pg/ml、（69.9±18.5）ng/ml,对照组分别为（69.2±18.2）pg/ml、（71.9±19.5）pg/ml、（29.8±8.5）ng/ml,两组血清VEGF、MMP-9、内皮抑素水平相比P均〈0.05。胃癌患者血清VEGF、MMP-9、内皮抑素水平与临床分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径、浸润深度有关（P均〈0.05）。结论胃癌患者血清VEGF、MMP-9、内皮抑素水平明显升高,其与胃癌生长、侵袭和转移有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.