浅低温心内手术后体温高热与体外循环方法的临床分析

目的对浅低温心不停跳心内直视手术后出现高热的体外循环方法进行研究对比,以期解决术后高热对病人的危害.方法I组病人采用预充液不加温,灌注后反复使用变温器使鼻咽温维持在31℃～33℃;Ⅱ组采用预充液加温至38℃,CPB期间不通过变温器调节体温,体温随转流及手术切口散热降至31℃～33℃.结果Ⅰ组病人术毕1～3小时体温明显升高,并且在第1和2小时与Ⅱ组病人比较有显著性差别(P＜0.01).结论浅低温心不跳心内直视手术CPB期间预充液加温,并且不通过变温器反复血液加温,可避免术后出现体温高热的现象.术后出现体温高热与CPB期间变温器反复变温导致温度调节中枢失调有关.     

浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳、不停呼吸二尖瓣置换对中性粒细胞的影响

体外循环心内直视手术过程中,肺脏产生缺血、缺氧、缺血-再灌注损伤,不利于患者术后的顺利恢复,故对肺的保护是心胸外科研究的一个重要课题.近年来,研究发现中性粒细胞在肺内聚集、激活对肺损伤起着关键作用[1].本实验通过对中低温(26～28℃)体外循环(CPB)心脏停跳下停止辅助呼吸的心内直视手术与浅低温(31～35℃)体外循环心脏跳动中不停辅助呼吸的心内直视手术时,血中性粒细胞变化的比较,探讨浅低温CPB心脏跳动中不停辅助呼吸心内直视手术在肺脏保护方面的意义.     

新生儿心内直视手术的体外循环管理

目的 总结新生儿心内直视手术体外循环管理经验。方法 回顾性总结1999年9月～2004年5月新生儿心内直视手术45例，其中急诊手术11例。体外循环(CPB)中采用深低温停循环22例，中度低温15例，浅低温8例。心肌保护应用4℃冷晶体停搏液一次灌注(34／45)或10℃氧合冷血20min间断灌注(11／45)。增加预充液胶体成份，调节预充液pH及维持正常离子浓度。转流中平衡超滤(BUF) 改良超滤(MUF)结合，使用药物进行血液保护。深低温停循环者降温期用pH稳态(pH-STAT)管理。重视保温。结果 术后1例死于低氧血症，5例死于低心排并发肾功能衰竭。结论 体外循环中采用综合性措施是取得新生儿手术成功的保障。     

537例婴幼儿体外循环转流体会

目的探讨婴幼儿心内直视术的体外循环方法。方法537例婴幼儿先天性心脏痛患者体外循环心内直视术1992～1998年352例患儿采用中度低温体外循环,预充液的晶/胶比维持在0.6～1.0;1999年185例患儿采用缩短循环管路,减少预充,预充液的晶/胶比维持在0.3～0.4,浅低温高流量灌注。结果537例婴幼儿体外循环转流时间36～493min,平均(74±22)min,主动脉阻断时间17～97min,平均(41±19)min;1998年以前的352例患儿开放升主动脉后心脏自动复跳率80％,术后死亡28例,死亡率7.95％;l999年中185例患儿开放升主动脉后心脏自动复跳率91％,术后死亡8例,死亡率4.32％;结论婴幼儿体外循环心内直视术中采用减少预充总量,提高胶体预充量,浅低温体外循环高流量灌注,加强术中利尿将有利于患儿术后的恢复。     

小儿心脏不停跳心内直视手术的体外循环体会

目的总结64例小儿常温或浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视手术的心肺转流(Card iopu lmonary Bypass,CPB)管理经验。方法对2003年3月~2005年3月的64例小儿常温或浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视手术的临床资料(年龄、性别、体重、病种)及CPB情况(CPB设备、预充液组成、CPB时间、CPB的管理等)做一回顾性分析。结果全组患儿心脏手术操作完毕均可顺利脱机,不需作辅助循环,CPB时间14~56(27.8±10.6)m in明显短于同期常规手术组。术后无任何并发症。结论该方法对心脏具有良好的保护作用,但更适合于时间短、畸形简单的先心病矫治。     

小儿法乐氏四联症50例体外循环管理

目的总结小儿法乐氏四联症（TOF）心内矫治术的体外循环管理.方法分析50例TOF病人术前血红蛋白,体外循环（CPB）时间,主动脉阻断时间,预充液的晶胶比,深低温低流量,中等低温中高流量的体外循环.结果50例病人顺利脱机,痊愈出院.结论TOF在CPB转流中,预充液的晶胶比,CPB时间对术后影响较大,CPB过程中注意心肌保护、肺保护、脑保护及电解质酸碱平衡.     

小婴儿体外循环173例总结

目的总结173例半岁内婴儿心内直视手术的体外循环(CPB)经验,提高小婴儿心内直视手术的成功率.方法⑴选择精良的CPB设备,减少晶体预充量和库血用量.⑵术中传统超滤和停转流后改良超滤联合应用.⑶体外循环方法为深低温停循环(57例)、深低温低流量(53例)、中低温中流量(39例)、浅低温高流量(24例).结果治愈161例,死亡率6.94%,无严重的CPB并发症.结论提高小婴儿CPB质量是其手术成功的关键.     

10kg以下婴幼儿体外循环管理

目的 总结10 kg以下婴幼儿心内直视手术的体外循环(CPB)管理经验.方法 回顾性分析2008年1～11月80例10 kg以下婴幼儿CPB情况.所有手术均使用进口TERMO婴儿膜肺,灌注冷晶体心脏停搏液,心脏表面放置冰屑,浅或中低温高流量灌注.全组均应用超滤或改良超滤.结果 全组CPB时间为23～215 min,主动脉阻断时间为14～148 min,心脏自动复跳率为96.3%,术后恢复良好,全部治愈出院.结论 婴幼儿CPB有其特殊性,应选用优质膜肺.根据患儿的病情制订周密的灌注计划,尽量减少预充总量,提高胶体预充量,最好是血液预充,选择适宜材料和灌注方式,着重心肌保护,同时运用超滤技术,对提高术后成功率起着重要作用.     

心脏空跳中二尖瓣替换术的体外循环管理

目的观察浅低温体外循环(CPB)不阻断主动脉,在心脏空跳状态下施行心内直视术对机体内环境的影响.方法二尖瓣替换术14例,预充液以生理盐水为主,晶胶比为0.52～0.78,稀释后Hb68～96g/L.心肺转流中维持鼻咽温(33.1±0.9)℃,灌注流量(94±28)ml . kg-1 . min-1,灌注压(9.5±0.7)kPa.转流前、中、停机后30min,分别抽取动脉血测血气及血清电解质.结果转流中、停机后30min与转流前比较,动脉血气及血清电解质无显著变化.开放上下腔束带后(10.9±4.9)min均一次停机成功,术后无低心排、心包填塞及脑、肺、肾的并发症.结论浅低温CPB不阻断主动脉,维持心脏空跳下心内直视术,有利于维护机体内环境的稳定,而且有良好的心肌保护作用.     

婴幼儿右腋下小切口微创心内直视手术的体外循环管理

目的总结婴幼儿右腋下小切口微创心内直视手术的体外循环（Cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）管理经验。方法在142例婴幼儿右腋下小切口微创心内直视手术中,采用复方电解质注射溶液、红细胞、血浆、20%人血白蛋白、万汶等预充,血液稀释后红细胞压积20%～30%。CPB采用常温60例,浅低温67例,中低温15例。心肌保护应用高钾晶体停搏液。结果主动脉阻断时间0～45（26.28±7.55）min;CPB时间20～65（39.28±10.66）min;呼吸机辅助时间1.5～8（3.6±1.38）h;监护时间8～48（34.01±11.00）h。术后胸引量10～100（37.35±21.72）ml。60例不停跳、82例停跳手术均自动复跳。5例出现皮下气肿,无其它并发症发生,均痊愈出院。结论婴幼儿右腋下小切口微创心内直视手术术中注意重要脏器保护、选择合适流量和个体化管理是手术的安全保障。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.