MRCP诊断梗阻性黄疸病因的评价

目的 探讨磁共振胆胰管成像（MRCP）对梗阻性黄疸的临床诊断价值。方法 对36例结石、壶腹肿瘤、胰头癌、胆管癌及炎性狭窄等梗阻性黄疸病人进行术前MRCP检查,结合手术,回顾性评价术前MRCP定性及定位诊断。结果 （1）定位诊断：对结石梗阻部位显示率为100％,对其他梗阻部位显示率为66．7％－100％;（2）定性诊断：术前诊断结石正确率为76．9％,恶性占位正确率为33．3％－66．7％。结论 MRCP对梗阻性黄疸疾病定位诊断准确,结合影像对结石定性诊断特异性较高,对肿瘤部位诊断结合其他辅助诊断方法会提高诊断率。     

HR多序列成像诊断梗阻性黄疸病因的价值

目的探讨磁共振多序列技术对梗阻性黄疸的临床诊断价值。赘料与方法对35例结石、胰头癌、胆管癌、壶腹癌及炎性狭窄等梗阻性黄疸病人进行术前MR检查,结合手术,回顾性评价MR多序列技术的定性及定位诊断。结果（1）定位诊断：对结石梗阻部位显示率为100％,对其他梗阻部位显示正确率为78％;（2）定性诊断：术前诊断结石正确率为100％,恶性占位正确率为89％。结论MR多序列技术对梗阻性黄疸疾病定位诊断准确,联合运用MR多序列技术对恶性占位定性诊断特异性较高,对肿瘤部位诊断结合其他辅助诊断方法会提高诊断率。     

梗阻性黄疸的CT诊断

目的：分析并研究梗阻性黄疸的CT表现和鉴别诊断。方法：收集57例手术病理证实的梗阻性黄疸病人的CT资料,进行回顾性分析,其中胰头癌21例,壶腹癌13例,胆总管癌7例,胆结石10例,胆总管炎4例,转移癌2例．结果：CT检查对梗阻性黄疸的部位、原因及良恶性的区分准确性较高。结论：CT对梗阻性黄疸的诊断与鉴别诊断有很大价值。     

磁共振胆胰管造影在胆道外科临床中的应用(附 56 例报告)

目的：探讨磁共振胆胰管造影（ＭＲＣＰ）在胆外科临床中的应用价值。方法：对５６例可疑梗阻性黄疸的虱进行ＭＲＣＰ检查。４２例（７５％）行手术治疗。１４例（２５％）行非手术治疗。结果：５６例虱中５３例（９４．６％）可通过ＭＲＣＰ明确诊断，并经手术或临床证实；２例（３．６％）硬化性胆管炎需结合其他临床资料做出诊断；１例（１．８％）胆总管结石误诊为胆管癌．结论：ＭＲＣＰ对胆道疾患诊断具有无创性、高灵敏度、高     

恶性梗阻性黄疸内、外引流术后血浆内毒素含量变化与死亡率的关系

目的：了解内、外引流在治疗恶性阻梗性黄疸的疗效。方法：对１５０例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者分为内引流组１１０例,外引流组１０例,比较两组在引流术后７０天内血浆内毒素的变化和死亡率关系。结果：内引流组在术后血浆内毒素与术前相比有下降趋势,内毒素值从（０．６０±０．２２）Ｅｕ／ｍｌ下降到（０．２１±０．０３）Ｅｕ／ｍｌ,病死率１．８％（２／１１０）。而外引流组结果则相反,术后血浆内毒素与术前相比呈上升趋势,内毒素值从（０．６１± ０．２０）Ｅｕ／ｍｌ上升到（１．１９±０．０８）Ｅｕ／ｍｌ,病死率７０％（２８／４０）。结论：内毒素血症在恶性阻梗性黄疸引流术后早期是导致死亡的主要原因,对恶性梗阻性黄疸患者应尽可能施行胆管内引流术。     

梗阻性黄疸的超声诊断——附120例分析

目的 探讨梗阻性黄疸的超声显像特点及临床诊断价值。方法 对１２０例手术和病理证实的梗阻性黄疸患者的临床及超声图像特点进行回顾性分析。结果 超声诊断梗阻部位正确者１１７／１２０（９７．５％）,病因诊断正确者１１３／１２０（９４．２％）,其中胆总管结石、胆总管结石伴肝内胆管结石、胆囊、肝管、胆总管多发性结石８３／８４（９８．８％）,胆管癌６／８（７５％）,胆囊癌３／４（７５％）,胰头或壶腹部肿瘤１８／     

磁共振胰胆管成像三维原始图及动态增强扫描在梗阻性黄疸中的诊断价值

目的评价磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）三维原始图与动态增强MRI检查在梗阻性黄疸中的应用价值。方法对132例梗阻性黄疸者常规进行MRI、MRCP扫描,可疑占住性病变患者进行动态增强MRI扫描。详细对比分析影像、手术及病理结果,分析MRCP的原始图、动态增强图象在诊断梗阻性黄疸中的价值。结果MRCP结合三维原始图像诊断良、恶性梗阻性黄疸与SSFSE序列的MRCP图像比较差异有显著性,前者明显优于后者（P〈0．05）。MRCP结合常规MRI图像及动态增强MRI扫描诊断肝外恶性梗阻性黄疸与单纯SSFSE-MRCP图像差异亦有显著性（P〈O．05）。单纯MRCP定性诊断准确率为84．9％,MRCP结合MRI原始图诊断准确率为93．9％。结论MRCP诊断梗阻性黄疸需要结合MRCP原始图及动态增强MRI。     

金属内支架胆道引流术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸(附41例报告)

观察金属内支架对恶性梗阻性黄疸的治疗作用。方法恶性梗阻性黄疸患者４１例中２６例经ＰＴＣＤ置放金属内支架,１５例外科直视手术下置放。置放的支架有进口和国产两种。结果技术成功率１００％,１例介入法放置术后２ｈ出现胆道出血,经处理后出血停止。３例置放术后出现胆道感染,１．５月死亡。其余病例无严重并发症。术后患者全身状况改善,血清总胆红素术前平均２２５．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,术后３～１０周内（平均６．５周）降至正常。随访时间最短为１．５月,最长为２５个月．生存期为１．５～２５月,中位生存期６．５月。术后存活半年以上者１２例。其中３例于术后６、７、１４个月再次出现梗阻性黄疸。结论胆道置放金属内支架具有手术简单、疗效显著的优点,是治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸较理想的方法     

MRCP在梗阻性黄疸性病变中的临床应用价值

目的探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）对梗阻性黄疸性病变的临床应用价值,总结梗阻性黄疸的MRCP表现,提高其诊断的准确性。方法对98例经手术和病理证实的梗阻性黄疸患者的MRCP表现进行回顾性分析。结果良性梗阻性黄疸82例,其中胆系结石67例,胆管炎性狭窄13例,胆总管囊肿2例。恶性梗阻性黄疸16例,其中胆管癌7例,壶腹癌3例,胰头癌6例。结论 MRCP对梗阻的定位诊断准确可靠,是诊断良、恶性梗阻性黄疸的有效方法。     

高场强MRCP在梗阻性黄疸中医辨证分型中应用价值的研究

目的：探讨磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）在梗阻性黄疸中医辨证分型中的应用价值。方法：用西门子1．5T超导型磁共振成像仪对66例梗阻性黄疸患者进行常规MRI及MRCP检查,同时进行中医辨证分型,所有病例均通过手术病理、ERCP病理结果或临床综合诊断证实。结果：66例梗阻性黄疸病例中,中医辨证分型阳黄30例,主要以结石、炎症、先天囊肿为主;阴黄36例,主要以胆管癌,壶腹癌、胰腺癌为主;阴黄肝外胆管扩张程度以中、重度扩张为主,占88．9％（32／36）,阳黄以轻中度扩张为主,占86．7％（26／30）;阴黄扩张胆管形态以软藤征为主,占72．2％（26／36）;阳黄以枯枝征为主,占73．3％（22／30）。结论：MRCP征象与黄疸中医证型之间存在显著相关性,高场强MRCP可为梗阻性黄疸的中医辨证分型提供有价值参考。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.