硒对碘过量仔鼠脑5'-和5-脱碘酶活性的干预作用

目的研究小鼠摄入高碘对仔鼠脑5＇-和5-脱碘酶活性的影响及硒的干预作用。方法将60只Balb／c断乳小鼠按体重随机分为4个不同的饮水组：正常对照组、高碘组（3000μg／L I）、单独补硒组（200μg／L Se）、高碘加硒组（3000μg／LI＋200μg／L Se），喂养4个月时，雌雄交配。测定14和28日龄仔鼠血清TSH、TT4、TT3和rT3水平，及0、14和28日龄仔鼠大脑5＇-和5-脱碘酶活性。结果14日龄仔鼠血清TT4水平高碘组显著低于对照组和高碘加硒组，而TSH水平高碘组显著高于对照组和高碘加硒组，28日龄仔鼠血清TT4、TT3和TSH水平各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。0和14日龄仔鼠脑5＇-脱碘酶活性高碘组显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），高碘补硒组显著低于高碘组。0和14日龄仔鼠脑5-脱碘酶活性高碘组显著低于对照组（P〈0．05），而高碘加硒组显著高于高碘组。结论补硒能缓解高碘所致仔鼠脑5＇-和5-脱碘酶活性的改变。     

张家口克山病病区人体硒营养背景分析

张家口地区人群发硒水平按克山病重病村—中轻病村—非病村依次为０．１９５μｇ／ｇ、０．２１１μｇ／ｇ、０．２３７μｇ／ｇ，呈逐渐增高的趋势，病村发硒水平相当接近或略低于全国低硒水平（０．２μｇ／ｇ）。病村人群血清硒０．０２７～０．１２２μｇ／ｍｌ，平均０．０４８μｇ／ｍｌ，也低于正常硒环境的健康人血清硒水平。因此，张家口病区人群处于一种低硒或低硒边缘营养状态。粮食硒与人发硒较好的对应关系表明，人体低硒水平与摄入粮食低硒有关，本区存在一个低硒生态营养环境     

西藏大骨节病与饮水硒关系研究

目的分析西藏不同地区几类饮用水中的含硒量,探讨大骨节病的分布特征与饮用水中含硒量的关系,寻求西藏地区大骨节病防治的有效措施。方法采集西藏大骨节病病区与非病区的水样,用原子荧光光度计测定水硒,运用SPSS 11．0软件对测定结果进行统计分析。结果西藏地区水硒为(0．23±0．11)μg／L,大骨节病病区和非病区水硒分别为(0．17±0．10)、(0．27±0．11)μg／L,二者比较差异有统计学意义(t=3．03,P< 0．01);沟水含硒量均显著低于河水、溪水、泉水等水源的含硒量(t值分别为-2．16、-2．62、-3.42,P<0．05),几类饮用水中的含硒量由低到高为:沟水<河水<溪水<泉水。结论饮用水中的含硒量与大骨节病病情关系密切,建议通过寻找高硒水源并指导居民选择含硒量较高的水源为饮用水,作为大骨节病防治的辅助措施。     

碘过量对仔鼠脑形态学的影响及硒的干预作用

目的观察碘过量对Balb／c仔鼠脑组织形态结构的影响及硒的干预作用。方法选择45只Balb／c小鼠随机分为3组：对照组（饮用自来水）、碘过量组（饮用水含碘量为3000μg／L）、碘过量加硒组（饮用水含碘、硒量分别为3000、200μg／L）。饲养4个月后，雌雄交配。光、电镜下观察0、14日龄仔鼠大脑组织形态和海马CA1区神经元超微结构的变化。结果与对照组相比，碘过量组0、14日龄仔鼠大脑皮层和海马CA1区神经细胞体积减小，细胞数目增多，海马CA1区神经元核膜变薄，细胞器减少，神经元的发育较幼稚．碘过量加硒组介于对照组和碘过量组之间。结论碘过量导致仔鼠大脑发育落后，补硒具有缓解作用。     

陕西省2003年大骨节病病情监测结果分析

目的 掌握陕西省大骨节病病情动态，为制定防治决策提供科学依据。方法 对7-12岁在校学生进行临床、X线检查及发硒检测，同时检测各点硒盐含量。结果 全省绝大多数监测点大骨节病临床Ⅰ度以上检出率及X线阳性率已达国家控制标准，病情稳中有降，个别监测点略有波动；硒盐合格率为60％，发硒含量在0．223-0．420μg/g之间，均超过200μg/g。结论 今后应继续加强全省大骨节病病情监测工作，加强健康教育，加强硒盐质量管理，按时足量供应，以防病情反复。     

ELISA、胶体硒和免疫试鸭验检测HIV抗体结果分析

目的 复检和确认初筛HIV抗体阳性血清，并对比分析试验结果。方法 对初筛阳性血清，用胶体硒和ELISA试验复检，任一复检试验阳性的血清再用westernblot（WB）试验确认。结果 224份初筛阳性血清经复检84份阳性，WB确认61份HIV—1抗体阳性，不确定10份，阴性13份。以WB结果为标准，ELISA、胶体硒法的阳性符合率分别为84．72％和82．43％。ELISA的敏感性为100％，特异性为96．84％，胶体硒法的敏感性为100％，特异性为95．03％。阳性、不确定和阴性组血清EI，ISA平均S／CO分别为20．550，2．244和1．434。ELISA和胶体硒法复检同时阳性，在阳性组、不确定组、阴性组分别为100％（61／61），10％（1／10）和0（0／13）。结论 胶体硒和ELISA复检可排除大部分初筛假阳性，但两种复检试验均存在一定的假阳性。3种试验的不符情况仅出现在HIV抗体阴性和不确定组，确定HIV感染依赖于WB确认试验。     

2005年河南省宝丰县重点人群碘营养调查

目的了解达标后河南省宝丰县重点人群的碘营养状况。方法尿碘测定采用酸消化砷-铈接触法；盐碘测定采用直接滴定法。结果孕妇尿碘中位数为187．7μg／L，低于50μg／L的比率为1．2％，低于100μg／L的比率为13．1％，不同孕期尿碘水平有显著差异；哺乳期妇女尿碘中位数为147．8μg／L，低于50μg／L的比率为1．8％，低于100μg／L的比率为15．9％；婴幼儿尿碘中位数为178．3μg／L，低于50μg／L的比率为0．9％，低于100μg／L的比率为8．0％；共调查家庭食用盐1036份，碘盐覆盖率为100．0％，中位数为28．8mg／kg。结论宝丰县重点人群的碘营养是适宜的，能够满足其生理需要。     

辽宁庄河地区居民血清胃蛋白酶原含量检测分析

目的 检测辽宁庄河居民血清胃蛋白酶原（PG）含量，以明确其基本人群分布特征，并探讨相关影响因素。方法 利用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法对辽宁庄河地区6990名居民进行血清PGI、PGⅡ含量检测，并计算PGI／Ⅱ比值；利用胃镜及胃黏膜组织病理学检查进行胃疾病诊断；利用ELISA法检测血清幽门螺杆菌（Hp）IgG抗体滴度。结果 辽宁庄河地区居民血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ及PGI／Ⅱ中位值分别为86．9μ／L、10．6μg／L和8．1。男性血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ（95．2μg／L、12．1μ／L）显著高于女性（79．7μg／L、9．4μg／L；P=0．000），PGⅠ／Ⅱ（7．9）显著低于后者（8．3，P=0．000）。PGI／Ⅱ随年龄增高呈阶段性显著降低。PGⅠ／Ⅱ在胃黏膜由基本正常（10．4）向非萎缩性病变（8．8）、萎缩性病变（6．6）转变过程中呈显著性降低。Hp感染者血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ（88．7μg／L，11．4μg／L）显著高于非感染者（81．4μg／L，8．4μg／L；P=0．000），PGⅠ／Ⅱ（7．7）显著低于后者（9．6，P=0．000）。以PGⅠ／Ⅱ为指标筛选胃黏膜萎缩性病变，ROC曲线下面积为0．622，最适临界值为6．9，灵敏度53．2％，特异度67．5％。多因素Logistic回归分析，男性（OR：1．151，95％CI：1．042～1．272，P=0．006）、年龄≥61岁（OR：1．358，95％CJ：1．188～1．553，P=0．000）、萎缩性病变（OR：2．075，95％CI：1．870～2．302，P=0．000）及Hp感染（OR：1．546，95％CI：1．368～1．748，P=0．000）是明显影响PGⅠ／Ⅱ水平的因素。结论 辽宁庄河居民血清PG水平呈明显偏态分布，受性别、年龄因素影响，与胃疾病和Hp感染密切相关。PGⅠ／Ⅱ较之PGⅠ和PGⅡ，更适用于胃疾病筛查。     

凉山州硒盐预防亚急型克山病效果分析

目的：了解病区人群普供硒碘盐预防和控制亚急型克山病的效果。方法：于2000年对凉山州进行克山病病情及硒水平本底调查后，选择西昌等6县(市)从2001年1月起全面供应含7～14mg/kg亚硒酸钠的硒碘盐，同时进行克山病病情及硒水平监测。结果：硒碘盐生产的合格率为100%,硒碘盐的覆盖率为100％；病区食用盐硒水平由O．0032μg/g提高到5．2587μg/g，儿童发硒水平由O．1647μg/g提高到0．2864μg/g；亚急克发病率降为历史最低。结论：食盐中强化硒可以纠正人群硒营养缺乏的状态，达到预防控制亚急型克山病的目的。     

孕妇、0～2岁婴幼儿及其母亲尿碘调查分析

目的 了解广州市孕妇、0-2岁婴幼儿及其母亲碘营养现状和规律。方法 在所辖12个区、县抽样调查孕妇、0-2岁婴幼儿及其母亲、非妊娠育龄妇女尿碘。结果 非妊娠育龄妇女、孕妇、0-2岁婴幼儿母亲的尿碘中位数分别为250．3μg／L、212．8μg／L和198．3μg／L;尿碘＜100μg／L分别占9．9％、14．9％和16．2％；尿碘≥800μg／L分别占5．8％、3．2％和1．6％。统计检验上述三人群尿碘均值相互间差异有显性。0-2岁婴幼儿的尿碘中位数为260．8μg／L，高于800μg／L占10．1％；其中0-1岁(含1周岁)尿碘中位数为266．2μg／L，其低于50μg／L占1．8％;1-2岁的尿碘中位数为242．8μg／L，其低于100μg／L占13．3％。在0-1岁婴幼儿中，母乳喂养子女尿碘高于非母乳，差异有显性；不管何种喂养方式，母子尿碘相关。孕期尿碘变化呈孕中期略低。结论 广州市孕妇、0-2岁婴幼儿及其母亲碘营养是充足的，但孕妇、母亲尿碘低于非妊娠育龄妇女，其低尿碘比例也高于非妊娠育龄妇女，提示要加强孕妇、母亲的碘营养。特别要关注孕中期碘营养，防止出生前缺碘损伤。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.