Sarcoidosis of the breast

We report a case of sarcoidosis of the breast in a 31-year-old woman who presented with a palpable breast mass. The mammography showed a spiculated mass without any microcalcifications. Ultrasonogram showed a hypoechoic mass. Computed tomography showed a spiculated nodule. T2-weighted MR images with fat-suppression technique showed a mass with irregular border that appeared to be an accumulation of small nodules. Gadolinium-enhanced dynamic study showed gradually increasing signal intensity. She underwent excisional biopsy and the pathological findings were consistent with that of sarcoidosis. The MRI findings were well correlated with histopathological appearance.     

Sarcoidosis of the breast

European Radiology - We report a case of sarcoidosis of the breast in a 31-year-old woman who presented with a palpable breast mass. The mammography showed a spiculated mass without any...     

Sarcoidosis of the parotid gland

The clinical and radiological features of parotid-gland sarcoidosis in 22 patients are presented. This occurred in association with systemic disease as painless, diffuse and nonnodular parotid swelling. Conventional sialography usually demonstrated normal proximal ducts, a few fragile distal ducts and non-specific parenchymal nodules. Computed tomography, with or without simultaneous sialography, defined and characterised such nodules and demonstrated normal periparotid anatomy. Sialography contributes little additional information to thorough clinical examination in non-nodular or multinodular glands. However, solitary nodules appear to be better investigated by sialography, CT and CT-guided aspiration, thereby allowing diagnosis and direct medical therapy and avoiding surgery. Ultrasonography and nuclear scintigraphy were of little value in this study.     

Physiology of the larynx

Summary The larynx consists of the cartilaginous-osseous framework, elastic membranes and ligaments, joints, muscles, nerves, vessels, and interior cavity. The laryngeal functions are the protection of the airway during swallowing, respiration (i. e. maintainance of the airway) and phonation. During the pharyngeal phase of swallowing the swallow reflex induces a laryngeal closure in three levels and a superior-anterior movement of the larynx and hyoid bone. The laryngeal airway is maintained by the circumference of the cricoid cartilage. Phonation is the phylogenetically recent function of the larynx and was made possible by the laryngeal descent. The sound production is explained according to the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory. The diagnostics of laryngeal diseases is performed in close cooperation between otorhinolaryngology and radiology. For diagnostic purposes, the physiology of the larynx requires to take into account not only morphological, but also functional aspects.      

Sarcoidosis of hands

 We present a case of sarcoidosis with soft tissue masses and associated phalangeal erosive changes. Sarcoidosis of the musculoskeletal system presenting as a soft tissue mass has been described previously but is rare. To our knowledge, the combination of soft tissue masses and phalangeal erosions has never been described.     

CT of the normal larynx

The ability of CT to depict cross-sectional anatomy allows the radiologist and the laryngologist to build a clear three-dimensional image of the site and extent of laryngeal diseases. This paper reviews normal CT anatomy of the larynx.     

胸部结节病的影像学诊断

目的回顾性分析胸部结节病的影像学表现,进一步提高对此病的认识,减少误诊。方法分析36例符合诊断标准的胸部结节病的胸片及CT表现。结果胸部淋巴结增大34例,其中两侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大22例,两侧肺门淋巴结增大而无纵隔淋巴结增大2例,一侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大7例,一侧肺门淋巴结增大而无纵隔淋巴结增大1例,仅有纵隔淋巴结增大2例。肺部病变25例,其中多发结节18例,条索状影13例,磨玻璃样影11例,支气管血管束增厚5例,空气潴留4例,实变2例。支气管改变8例,胸膜病变3例。CT对纵隔内较小淋巴结及肺内病灶的检出率明显高于胸片。结论有典型影像学表现的胸部结节病诊断容易;不典型者诊断困难,需密切结合临床及治疗后随访。