腹腔镜下粘连松解术对粘连性肠梗阻的临床应用效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜肠粘连松解术治疗粘连性肠梗阻的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析95例手术治疗的粘连性肠梗阻患者的临床资料和随访资料,依手术方式将患者分为开腹组(43例)和腔镜组(52例),比较两组患者术中情况、术后并发症及复发情况。结果腔镜组的手术时间小于开腹组[(68.35±36.47)vs(82.54±23.27)min,t=2.21,P=0.029];术中出血量少于开腹组[(69.51±20.33)vs(198.37±50.04)ml,t=16.97,P=0.000];术后镇痛剂使用量少于开腹组[(1.01±0.99)vs(3.46±1.53)支,t=9.41,P=0.000];腔镜组术后离床活动时间短于开腹组[(11.05±1.32)vs(20.36±2.59)d,t=16.97,P=0.000];胃肠功能恢复时间低于开腹组[(2.30±1.38)vs(4.05±1.74)d,t=5.47,P=0.000];导尿管拔除时间低于开腹组[(3.04±2.11)vs(5.36±2.24)d,t=5.19,P=0.000];住院天数低于开腹组[(5.89±1.57)vs(10.36±2.65)d,t=10.02,P=0.000];腔镜组和开腹组患者术后并发症发生率分别为3.84%(2例)和16.27%(7例),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=4.24,P=0.074);随访观察8~36个月,腔镜组和开腹组分别有2和6例出现顽固性腹痛和粘连性肠梗阻复发,开腹组复发结局事件的累计函数高于腔镜组,但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.64,P=0.056)。结论腹腔镜粘连松解术治疗粘连性肠梗阻安全、有效,具有创伤小,对腹腔干扰少的特征,效果优于开腹手术。     

腹腔镜与开腹进展期胃癌根治术近期疗效比较

目的：比较腹腔镜与开腹进展期胃癌根治术近期疗效。方法77例进展期胃癌患者根据术式分为腹腔镜组42例和开腹组35例,比较腹腔镜与传统开腹胃癌手术的安全性、可行性及术后近期疗效。结果腹腔镜组手术时间短于开腹组,术中出血量明显少于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=2.43、4.83,P均＜0.05）;腹腔镜组与开腹组在胃切除手术范围、并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2分别=2.39、0.04,P均＞0.05）;在近期疗效方面,腹腔镜组切口长度、止痛药使用次数、术后首次下床时间、引流时间及住院时间明显优于开腹组（t分别=41.56、9.86、3.41、3.93、4.64,P均＜0.05）,但腹腔镜组在切缘距离、淋巴结清扫数目、首次肛门排气时间与开腹组比较,差异均无统计学意义（t分别=0.60、1.22、1.41,P均＞0.05）。结论腹腔镜应用于进展期胃癌是安全可行的,也能达到开腹手术相同的效果,且近期疗效明显优于开腹手术。     

腹腔镜下胃癌D2淋巴结清扫的临床疗效及中期随访报告

目的比较腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术与开腹手术的疗效,探讨腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术的可行性。方法选取浙江省瑞安市人民医院2008年10月-2013年8月收治的胃癌患者,根据患者采取的手术方式不同分为两组,其中175例腹腔镜手术患者纳入腹腔镜组,163例开腹手术患者纳入开腹组。比较两组患者的术中及术后情况、淋巴结清扫数目、并发症及肿瘤根治程度等。结果腹腔镜组清扫淋巴结(26.3±13.9)枚,开腹组清扫淋巴结(26.8±10.2)枚,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.40,P=0.684)。腹腔镜组术中出血情况以及术后排气时间均优于开腹组。腹腔镜组患者术后住院时间小于开腹组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组的3年生存率为92.00%,与开腹组92.63%相比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.54,P=0.262)。结论腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术具有安全、术后恢复快和创伤小等优点,同时能够达到与开腹组相近的淋巴结清扫效果。     

腹腔镜与开腹全胃切除非离断式食道空肠Roux-en-Y吻合的临床疗效

目的:比较腹腔镜与开腹全胃切除非离断式食道空肠Roux-en-Y吻合的疗效。方法:回顾性收集2013年10月至2017年3月武汉市红十字会医院普外科收治的胃体癌患者53例,根据手术方式不同,分为腹腔镜手术组(A组,27例)与开腹手术组(B组,26例),其中A组又分为完全腹腔镜组(totally laparoscopic group,TLG;17例)与腹腔镜辅助组(laparoscopy-assisted group,LAG;1 0例),比较各组的手术时间、消化道重建时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院时间和费用及近期并发症。结果:A组与B组手术时间[(248±83.5)min vs(203.6±69.6)min]、消化道重建时间[(44.2±9.0)min vs(30.2±7.8)min]及术中出血量[(231.8±145.2)m L vs(326.8±182.1)m L],差异均有统计学意义(t=2.098,P=0.040;t=6.041,P0.001;t=-2.103,P=0.040);A组与B组排气时间[(3.1±0.5)d vs(4.6±0.5)d]、住院时间[(9.4±1.5)d vs(14.6±2.0)d]及住院费用[(3.1±0.3)万元vs(4.2±0.2)万元],差异均有统计学意义(t=-10.918,P0.001;t=-10.735,P0.001;t=-15.643,P0.001)。TLG组与LAG组手术时间[(299±88)min vs(232±55)min]、消化道重建时间[(58.2±6.0)min vs(33.2±3.9)min]及术中出血量[(216.1±36)m L vs(281.5±93)m L],差异有统计学意义(t=2.162,P=0.0 4 0;t=1 1.7 4 7,P0.0 0 1;t=-2.6 1 3,P=0.0 1 4);T L G组与L AG组排气时间[(3.6±0.5)d v s(2.8±0.5)d]、住院时间[(9.8±1.2)d vs(9.0±1.8)d]及住院费用[(3.1±0.2)万元vs(3.3±0.4)万元],差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组与B组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:较之开腹手术,腹腔镜全胃切除非离断式食道空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术术中出血少,恢复排气时间快,住院时间短,住院费用低,但手术时间与消化道重建时间长。     

腹腔镜辅助进展期远端胃癌根治术近期疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助进展期远端胃癌根治手术的可行性和效果。方法分析从2009年至2010年临床行腹腔镜辅助进展期远端胃癌根治手术的45例患者并与同期行开腹进展期远端胃癌根治手术的52例患者对比。结果 45例顺利完成腹腔镜手术,两组平均手术时间[(172.2±53.1)min vs(162.2±54.2)min,P>0.05]差异无统计学意义,开腹组术中出血量大于腔镜组[(382.2±203.4)ml vs(182.2±163.3)ml,P<0.05],术中淋巴结清扫数目差异无统计学意义[(28.4±16.1)个vs(30.1±17.2)个,P>0.05],平均住院时间腔镜组短于开腹组。结论腹腔镜辅助进展期远端胃癌根治手术安全有效,围手术期与开腹手术无明显差异。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术对进展期胃癌D2根治术的临床对比分析

目的研究腹腔镜行进展期胃癌根治术较传统开腹手术在围手术期临床和生化指标的变化,进一步探讨其临床应用的优越性。方法采用统一入组标准、同期临床对比研究方法,对2010年1-12月腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组完成的112例进展期胃癌根治术患者在围手术期临床指标和生化指标的比较分析,其中腹腔镜手术组59例,开腹手术组53例。结果腹腔镜组手术切口长度为（5．77±0．74）cm,开腹手术组为（12．05±1．30）cm,组问差异有统计学意义（t=-30．921,P=0．000）;腹腔镜组术中失血量为（107．20±27．23）mL,开腹手术组为（168．87±96．76）mL,组间差异有统计学意义（t=-4．483,P=0．000）;腹腔镜组术后住院时间为（7．19±o．97）d,开腹手术组为（8．32±1．16）d,组间差异有统计学意义（t=-5．634,P=0．000）;腹腔镜组手术时问为（202．12±15．71）min,开腹手术组为（196．32±16．73）min,组间差异无统计学意义（￡=1．891,P=0．061）;腹腔镜组清扫淋巴结枚数（14．15±4．51）枚,开腹手术组（15．25±5．17）枚,组间差异无统计学意义（t=-0．736,P=0．471）;腹腔镜组肠功能恢复时间为（57．88±9．70）h,开腹手术组为（59．16±10．82）h,组间差异无统计学意义（t=-0．655,P=0．514）。两组前白蛋白和血红蛋白水平差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。结论进展期胃癌行腹腔镜手术与传统开腹手术比较,并不加重患者创伤反应,也不增加手术并发症,具有手术切口小、术中出血少、术后恢复快等优点。     

经肛拖出式全腹腔镜直肠癌前切除在直肠癌患者中的临床价值

目的比较经肛拖出式全腹腔镜直肠癌前切除和腹腔镜辅助直肠癌前切除在直肠癌患者中的临床价值。方法 2012年1月-2014年1月前瞻性收集低位直肠癌患者120例,将患者随机分为研究组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。研究组采用经肛拖出式全腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术治疗,对照组采用腹腔镜辅助直肠癌前切除术。主要观察指标为两组患者术中情况、术后并发症和术后恢复情况。结果与对照组比较,研究组手术时间明显缩短[(132.32±14.92)vs(154.73±17.65)min,P=0.000];术后引流量明显减少[(299.93±56.49)vs(365.24±68.94)ml,P=0.000)];胃肠功能恢复时间明显缩短[(57.42±5.84)vs(61.85±7.40)h,P=0.002];住院时间明显缩短[(12.54±2.76)vs(14.75±2.10)d,P=0.000]。两组患者术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、肺炎、下肢动静脉血管血栓、切口感染、吻合口瘘、肠梗阻、2年复发率和死亡率等差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经肛拖出式全腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术有助于加快患者术后恢复。     

腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术38例临床分析

目的探讨应用腹腔镜技术行胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术的可行性、安全性与有效性。方法将我院2008年1月至2013年12月收治的共38例胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者分成腹腔镜组18例,开腹组20例,分别给予腹腔镜修补术和开腹修补术,治疗后按标准进行疗效评定,并对数据进行统计学分析。结果腹腔镜组术中出血[(15.3±9.5)ml vs.(38.7±13.1)ml,t=19.025,P=0.015],止痛时间[(1.9±0.4)d vs.(3.8±1.3)d,t=20.747,P=0.009],消化道功能恢复时间[(1.4±0.4)d vs.(2.9±0.8)d,t=12.932,P=0.041],住院天数[(6.0±2.4)d vs.(9.1±3.5)d,t=18.935,P=0.024]均低于开腹组。两组患者的术后疼痛评分也存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜方案在患者的治愈效果方面比开腹方案具有更好的疗效,恢复快,痛苦小,故临床治疗胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔应优先选择腹腔镜方案。     

手辅助腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术的临床对照研究

目的探讨手辅助腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术治疗胃癌患者的临床应用效果差异。方法回顾性分析本院胃肠外科收治的98例确诊胃癌患者的临床资料,根据手术方式分为手辅助组(手辅助腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术)51例、腹腔镜组(腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术)47例患者,对两组患者的围手术期指标、并发症等情况进行比较。结果手辅助组的切口长度[(6.82±0.87)cm]长于腹腔镜组[(5.83±0.95)cm](P<0.05),手辅助组的手术时间[(172.5±18.4)min]显著的短于腹腔镜组[(185.6±19.9)min](P<0.05),两组患者的术中出血量、肛门排气时间、术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手辅助组的淋巴结清扫数目[(17.3±4.2)枚]显著多于腹腔镜组[(14.5±3.6)枚](P<0.05),手辅助组与腹腔镜组的近端切缘距肿瘤长度、远端切缘距肿瘤长度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手辅助组的手术并发症率(5.88%)显著低于腹腔镜组的(19.15%)(P<0.05)。结论手辅助腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术治疗胃癌患者均具有较好的临床效果,手辅助腹腔镜治疗胃癌具有手术时间短、操作难度低、并发症率更低的优势。     

晚期胃癌患者血红蛋白含量与化疗效果及预后的相关性研究

目的探讨晚期胃癌患者化疗前血红蛋白含量与疗效及预后的关系。方法对90例晚期胃癌患者应用EOX方案进行至少2个周期的化疗,分析化疗前血红蛋白含量与性别、年龄、KPS评分、ECOC评分、肿瘤分化程度、内脏转移、腹膜转移的关系,比较不同疗效患者血红蛋白含量、贫血和非贫血患者化疗效果,并比较化疗前贫血和非贫血患者无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。结果化疗前伴有内脏转移、腹膜转移患者血红蛋白值分别低于无内脏转移和无腹膜转移患者[(108.6±17.1)g/L vs.(117.4±18.9)g/L;(110.3±18.6)g/L vs.(119.0±18.8)g/L,t=2.259、2.097,P=0.026、0.039];化疗有效(CR+PR)患者血红蛋白值高于无效(SD+PD)患者[(121.6±20.5)g/L vs.(111.4±18.4)g/L,t=2.475,P=0.015];化疗前非贫血患者客观有效率高于贫血患者(61.7%vs.30.4%,χ2=7.315,P=0.007);化疗前贫血患者PFS、OS均短于非贫血患者[(5.4±1.5)个月vs.(7.2±1.9)个月;(14.1±3.8)个月vs.(17.8±4.0)个月,t=4.984、4.390,P=0.000、0.000],差异均有统计学意义。结论晚期胃癌患者血红蛋白含量与化疗效果和预后存在密切关系,在临床工作中应重视晚期胃癌患者血红蛋白含量的测定。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.