全凭静脉麻醉下I-gel 喉罩在支气管内超声引导针刺吸活检术中的应用*

目的回顾单纯局部表麻与全凭静脉麻醉I-gel喉罩下进行支气管内超声引导针刺吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)的应用效果,寻求更好麻醉管理方法,指导临床应用。方法回顾性分析2013年-2016年3年内60例在两种麻醉管理方式下进行EBUS-TBNA的手术时间、术中脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_2)95%、体动、呛咳、喉痉挛、恶心、手术穿刺、操作者暂停次数、术后咽喉不适感以及患者、手术操作者和麻醉者的满意度评分的差异。结果从2014年6月起,全麻I-gel喉罩下实施EBUS-TBNA的患者呛咳、恶心、体动的发生更少,手术时间更短,麻醉手术满意度评分更高。结论全凭静脉麻醉I-gel喉罩下进行EBUS-TBNA,是围术期较为安全可行的麻醉管理方式,建议在临床上推荐使用。     

不同麻醉方式下超声支气管针吸活检术效果比较

目的:探讨不同麻醉方式下超声支气管针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)麻醉效果的差异,寻找临床实用的快捷、方便、安全的麻醉方法。方法:将2015年3~10月内镜科就诊的100例EBUS-TBNA治疗的患者随机分为对照组和实验组各50例,在优质护理服务下,对照组采用全麻或基础麻醉方式进行检查,实验组采用局麻方式进行检查,比较两组检查过程中心率、血压、血氧饱和度及检查时间。结果:100例患者均顺利成功完成检查,且无并发症发生;两组收缩压比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组心率、舒张压、血氧饱和度及检查时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:EBUS-TBNA并非一定需要在全麻或基础麻醉下进行,局麻条件下进行穿刺节省了人力物力及患者治疗费用;同时局麻过程简便、安全,节省了麻醉时间和苏醒时间,值得临床推广应用。     

全麻与局麻纤维喉镜术治疗声带息肉的临床效果对比

目的探讨全麻与局麻纤维喉镜术治疗声带息肉的临床效果差异。方法从诊治的声带息肉患者中选取108例作研究对象,均实行纤维喉镜手术治疗,将采取全麻纤维喉镜术治疗者设为全麻组(n=54),将采取局麻纤维喉镜术治疗者设为局麻组(n=54),对两组疗效、疼痛程度、住院时间及术后嗓音恢复效果进行分析。结果 (1)全麻组总有效率高于局麻组(χ~2=5.252,P=0.022);(2)局麻组术后疼痛VAS评分高于全麻组、住院时间长于全麻组(t=72.983、16.593,P均=0.000);(3)局麻组术后2周的基频微扰和振幅微扰水平高于全麻组(t=10.873、13.339,P均=0.000)。结论与局麻纤维喉镜术相比,全麻纤维喉镜术治疗声带息肉的手术效果更佳,且具有疼痛轻微、康复快、嗓音恢复良好等优势。     

喉罩全麻胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤切除的临床应用

目的探讨喉罩全麻胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤切除的临床应用价值。方法将2012年-2015年该科收治的纵隔肿瘤患者40例,随机分为两组,每组20例,喉罩组行喉罩通气静脉麻醉下胸腔镜纵隔肿瘤切除术,插管组行双腔插管麻醉胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤切除术,对比两者整体效果。结果两组患者均顺利完成胸腔镜下手术,无中转开胸病例,喉罩组术前麻醉时间短,麻醉及手术过程中血压及脉搏波动小,术后复苏躁动少、时间短,术后咽部不适及咽痛发生率低,较插管组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);手术时间,术野暴露满意度,术中出血量,术后拔管时间及住院天数等指标差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论喉罩通气静脉麻醉在胸腔镜纵隔肿瘤切除术中实用性好,在术前麻醉时间、对心血管系统影响、术后复苏及术后咽痛等方面优于插管组,可在临床加以推广应用。     

针芯导丝在支气管内超声引导针吸活检术中的应用研究

目的研究比较在进行经支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)时,穿刺针内用和不用针芯导丝对诊断效率和病理结果的影响。方法共80例患者分用与不用针芯导丝两组,每组40例患者,进行EBUS-TBNA操作,分析两组诊断准确率和病理标本质量的差别。结果用与不用针芯导丝两组患者的诊断准确率分别是90%(36/40)和85%(34/40),两者比较差异无显著性(P=0.74),细胞学标本合格率比较差异无显著性(P=0.88),组织病理学标本质量比较差异亦无显著性(P=0.57)。用针芯导丝组检查时间为(12.3±2.1)min,不用针芯导丝检查时间为(10.3±1.0)min,两组比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论进行EBUS-TBNA检查时,专用穿刺针内腔不用针芯导丝对诊断效率和标本质量没有影响,但节省了检查时间。     

超声引导髂筋膜间隙阻滞联合骶丛神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻在老年髋关节置换术中的应用

目的探讨超声引导髂筋膜间隙阻滞联合骶丛神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻应用于老年髋关节置换术的效果。方法选用行髋关节置换术的老年患者60例,按随机数字表法分为腰硬联合麻醉组和超声引导髂筋膜间隙阻滞联合骶丛神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻组各30例。观察两组麻醉操作时间、术中去甲肾上腺素用量、术后呕吐率、首次下床时间、羟考酮用量及住院天数的差异。结果两组术中去甲肾上腺术用量、术后首次下床时间及羟考酮用量比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),麻醉操作时间、术后呕吐率及住院天数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导髂筋膜间隙阻滞联合骶丛神经阻滞复合喉罩全麻应用于老年髋关节置换术,术中呼吸循环稳定,术后阿片类药用量减少,有利于患者早期下床活动。     

麻醉诱导期静脉靶控输注右美托咪定复合丙泊酚在喉罩全麻中的应用

目的探讨麻醉诱导期静脉靶控输注右美托咪定复合丙泊酚在喉罩全麻中的应用。方法将2013年1月至2018年1月在成都市第二人民医院麻醉科行喉罩全麻手术的80例患者按区化随机法分为观察组与对照组各40例。对照组麻醉诱导期静脉靶控输注丙泊酚,观察组联合右美托咪定,比较两组手术麻醉情况、喉罩置入条件及麻醉诱导前(T1)、诱导后1 min(T2)、置入喉罩时(T3)、置入喉罩后1 min时(T4)患者心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(Sp O2)及术后喉罩置入相关副损伤事件发生率。结果①观察组丙泊酚总剂量显著低于对照组,喉罩一次置入成功率显著高于对照组(均P 0. 05);但两组喉罩置入时下颌松弛度评分比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);②两组T2时HR、MAP均较T1显著下降(P 0. 05),T3、T4时间点有回升,且观察组T3、T4时间点HR、MAP显著高于对照组(P 0. 05),并与T1时点比较差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);③观察组自主呼吸恢复时间、喉罩拔除时间、恢复室Steward分数≥4分时间均显著短于对照组,术后喉罩副损伤发生率显著低于对照组(均P 0. 05)。结论麻醉诱导期静脉靶控输注右美托咪定复合丙泊酚用于喉罩全麻可获取更好的置入条件,并降低丙泊酚药物使用剂量,更利于术后恢复,并能减轻喉罩相关副损伤。     

喉罩保留自主呼吸全麻合骶管阻滞在小儿下肢手术中的应用

探究喉罩保留自主呼吸全麻合骶管阻滞在小儿下肢手术中的应用价值。将下肢手术患儿按随机数字法分为对照组和观察组各50例,观察组采用喉罩保留自主呼吸全麻合骶管阻滞麻醉患儿设为,对照组行喉罩保留自主呼吸全麻,比较麻醉效果。两组手术时间及拔管时间差异不明显,术后24h疼痛(VAS)评分无显著差异(P0.05),观察组术后4、8h VAS评分均显著低于对照组,同时拔管后5min OAAS评分、不良反应发生率、睁眼时间显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。小儿下肢手术中两种麻醉方式联合麻醉对术后短期镇痛效果显著,同时患儿苏醒时情绪、镇静程度更为优良,值得临床推广应用。     

分析单次小剂量肌松药诱导喉罩全身麻醉在小儿疝外科手术中的麻醉价值

目的 探究小儿疝外科手术中单次小剂量肌松药诱导喉罩全身麻醉的价值。方法 选取2022年9月—2023年9月滕州市妇幼保健院收治的92例疝气患儿为研究对象,均行疝外科手术,以双盲法分为比照组和实践组,各46例。比照组行椎管全凭静脉麻醉,实践组行单次小剂量肌松药诱导喉罩全麻。观察两组血流动力学指标,记录麻醉指标,比较运动阻滞效果。结果 麻醉后,两组血流动力学指标均降低,且实践组降幅低于比照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组麻醉时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实践组苏醒、下床时间短于比照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。实践组不良反应发生率(2.17%)低于比照组(15.22%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.929,P<0.05)。结论 单次小剂量肌松药诱导喉罩全麻安全性高,能抑制血流动力学波动,使小儿在疝外科手术期间保持平稳体征,且能缩短小儿清醒时间,价值高。     

回顾性分析喉罩与气管插管全麻在气管狭窄手术中的临床应用

目的回顾性分析喉罩及气管插管全麻在气管狭窄手术中应用的可行性与安全性。方法选取2010-01-01/2019-12-31期间在我院普胸外科接受气管狭窄手术治疗的患者40例,根据气道管理方式不同分为无肌松喉罩全麻组(喉罩组,n=19)和气管内插管全麻组(气管插管组,n=21),分析患者术前一般资料、围术期生命体征、术后恢复情况及住院时间等指标。结果所有患者均在原有麻醉方式下顺利完成手术。两组患者术中呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_(ET)CO_2)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_2)95%发生率、出血量等均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后恶心呕吐、引流时间、恢复进食时间、自主下地时间、住院时间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);与气管插管组比较,喉罩组诱导期血压波动幅度更小,瘤体出血发生率、术后咽喉疼痛及术后声音嘶哑发生率更低(P0.05)。结论喉罩全麻方式没有增加气管狭窄患者围术期低氧血症风险和术后并发症,降低气道管理所致瘤体出血发生率,减轻患者术后喉部不适;喉罩全麻可作为气管狭窄手术气道管理的一种备选方法之一。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.