利用后弹力层撕除术建立兔眼角膜内皮失代偿模型的评估

目的利用后弹力层撕除术建立一种新的角膜内皮失代偿模型以便更好地了解该手术的组织反应。方法根据手术方法的不同将40只新西兰成年兔平均分为4组：角膜内皮刮除组、后弹力层撕除组、后弹力层撕除角膜内皮移植术（DSEK）组及DSEK供体组;右眼为手术眼。每组定期通过角膜内皮活体染色,眼前节照相和UBM至少观察2个月。结果后弹力层撕除组角膜始终保持混浊,角膜内皮刮除组和DSEK组角膜逐渐透明,角膜厚度逐渐降低。活体染色显示角膜后弹力层撕除组术后2个月仍无角膜内皮生长。结论后弹力层撕除术建立的角膜内皮失代偿模型显示了后弹力层撕除后角膜内皮愈合过程,可用于角膜内皮移植的研究。     

带后弹力层的角膜内皮移植术

随着眼科技术的发展,角膜内皮移植术取得了长足进展。从后板层角膜移植术（PLK）开始到深板层角膜移植术（DLEK）,以及目前运用的后弹力层撕除角膜内皮移植术（DSEK/DSAEK）,乃至具有更好视觉恢复效果的带有后弹力层（Descem et膜）的角膜内皮移植术（DMEK）,眼科医生们不断寻求着更快更好的治疗方法。而DMEK从解剖学角度完美的恢复了角膜组织的正常结构,术后视力恢复快,是角膜内皮移植手术的发展趋势。现主要就DMEK的手术方法、特点以及进一步的改进进行综述。     

飞秒激光辅助角膜内皮移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变的疗效观察

目的：评估飞秒激光辅助的后弹力层撕除角膜内皮移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床疗效及安全性。方法：回顾性分析2013－03／2014－02在我科住院治疗的大泡性角膜病变患者15例16眼,其中男7例7眼,女8例9眼,平均年龄66．3±18．4岁,采用飞秒激光制作薄层角膜内皮植片,进行后弹力层撕除角膜内皮移植术。术后随访12mo,观察角膜刺激症状消退、植片恢复和并发症等情况,观测指标包括最佳矫正视力、眼压、前节光学相干断层扫描及角膜内皮细胞计数。结果：所有患者手术顺利,无术中并发症发生;术后眼压正常,最佳矫正视力较术前不同程度提高。角膜刺激症状自术后1d 开始逐渐减轻,术后3wk 完全缓解。术后1眼（6％）发生内皮植片脱位,3眼（19％）植片与植床之间存在局灶性层间积液。术后1 mo角膜上皮变光滑,基质水肿消退,中央角膜厚度（638±86．51μm ）较术前（811±137．55μm）明显变薄。随访期间,发生植片急性排斥反应和植片内皮功能失代偿各1眼（6％）。末次随访,角膜内皮细胞计数为1687±507个／mm2。结论：应用飞秒激光辅助后弹力层撕除角膜内皮移植术治疗角膜内皮病变,可以个体化、精确、高效地制作内皮植片,手术安全性高,术后恢复快。     

不撕除后弹力层的角膜内皮移植治疗大泡性角膜病变一例

角膜内皮移植已逐渐用于治疗大泡性角膜病变，并取得了较好的临床效果。目前，被广泛接受的手术方式是撕除病变的后弹力层和内皮，然后植入带有小于100μm厚度的供体角膜内皮片，通过前房注气使其贴附于后表面。这种方式被称为后弹力层撕除自动内皮移植（Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty，DSAEK）。尽管这种手术方式对患者眼部角膜损伤小，术后恢复快，但是很多情况下除了做常规角巩膜切口供内皮植入外，还要在角膜做切口以便撕除后弹力层。[第一段]     

通过混浊角膜施行晶状体超声乳化联合角膜移植的新技术

后弹力膜撕脱角膜内皮移植术（descemetorhexis with endokeratoplasty，DXEK）与传统的穿透移植相比，已从取消以缝线缝合全层角膜伤口中赢得许多好处。但要通过混浊角膜实施后弹力膜撕脱角膜内皮移植术联合超声乳化后房型人工晶状体植入仍面临许多技术上的挑战。作者介绍了一种新的手术方法：（1）DXEK植床制作：从颞侧角膜缘周围充分暴露巩膜，止血；作一条5mm角膜缘切口并制作角膜基质口袋。通过左侧切口撕脱所需口径的后弹力膜，并将周边部暴露的基质创面弄粗糙，便于后续的内皮植片与植床贴附。     

自动板层刀辅助的后弹力层前膜角膜内皮移植术

角膜内皮移植已成为治疗角膜内皮病变的首选方法.作为目前主流的2种角膜内皮移植手术——后弹力层剥除自动板层刀制备的角膜内皮移植术和后弹力层角膜内皮移植术,前者手术操作易于掌握,但角膜植片仍带有部分基质;后者术后视觉质量好,但手术操作较难掌握,二次手术率较前者高.大气泡和自动板层刀辅助的后弹力层前膜角膜内皮移植术在自动板层刀制备角膜内皮植片的基础上,用大气泡法暴露中央6.5 mm直径的后弹力层前膜,本术式既有后弹力层角膜内皮移植术后的视觉效果,手术操作又易于掌握,值得推广.     

角膜内皮移植术不同时期并发症的成因及处理

随着角膜内皮移植术在国内外的广泛开展和应用,角膜内皮移植术作为目前治疗角膜内皮失代偿的较理想术式,其优点不言而喻,但也存在植片制备、术中及术后发生并发症的可能。本文以2种常见的角膜内皮治疗术式——角膜后弹力层剥除内皮移植术和角膜后弹力层内皮移植术为例,从植片制备并发症(如植片穿孔、植片撕裂)、术中并发症(如植片展开困难...     

中国角膜内皮移植术专家共识(2024年)

角膜内皮移植术是治疗角膜内皮疾病的重要方法, 主要分为角膜后弹力层剥除内皮移植术和角膜后弹力层内皮移植术。与穿透性角膜移植术比较, 角膜内皮移植术的术后视力好, 免疫排斥反应发生率低, 但手术技术和过程较为复杂, 术中和术后并发症有所不同。角膜内皮移植术的成功关键在于掌握手术的基本要素并预防并发症。为在我国规范开展和推广角膜内皮移植术, 中华医学会眼科学分会角膜病学组以国内外研究结果和临床实践经验为基础, 围绕角膜内皮移植术的适应证、术前评估、手术技术和操作、术后并发症处理和随访等进行充分讨论, 达成共识性意见, 以期为临床工作提供指导和参考。     

角膜后弹力层内皮移植术的研究进展

十年间角膜内皮移植术已在我国各级医院广泛开展,并取得了显著成绩。而角膜后弹力层内皮移植术作为角膜内皮移植术中治疗角膜内皮病变的理想术式,在国内仅有少数医院进行了初步尝试。本文从手术适应证、手术过程及术后并发症等方面综述角膜后弹力层内皮移植术在国内外的发展现状,以期为该手术在国内广泛开展提供参考。（中华眼科杂志,2015,51：544-547）     

角膜内皮细胞改良培养技术的初步探讨

目的 评价角膜后弹力层撕除联合酶消化法分离角膜内皮细胞的效率,分析细胞体外生长的生物学特性.方法 将兔角膜带有内皮细胞的后弹力层完整撕下,用胰蛋白酶-EDTA联合酶消化,纯化的角膜内皮细胞进行体外培养.观察细胞形态,用神经元烯醇化酶抗体进行细胞表型鉴定.苏木精-伊红染色以及茜素红-台盼蓝联合染色分析细胞活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞体外生长过程中Anne xiv-PE的表达情况,透射电镜和扫描电镜进行细胞超微结构形态的观察.结果 带角膜内皮细胞的后弹力层撕除联合酶消化法可快速获得大量纯化的角膜内皮细胞,快速贴壁生长并增生,体外培养3～4d即融合成单层细胞,且表达神经元烯醇化酶抗体阳性,苏木精-伊红染色及活性染色提示细胞功能良好,Annexiv-PE抗体表达水平微弱.结论 角膜后弹力层撕除联合酶消化法可提高角膜内皮细胞的获取和培养效率,为工程化角膜内皮移植膜的构建提供稳定的种子细胞来源.     

Descemet's stripping with endothelial keratoplasty in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.

An interventional case is described to report on the clinical outcome of Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty performed for iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. A Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty was performed in the eye of a 53-year-old woman with decompensated cornea secondary to iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. The transplant and the angle were evaluated with optical coherence tomography. Within 10 months postoperatively, the graft was clear and best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/400 to 20/30. Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty appears to be an effective measure to treat corneal decompensation, improve vision, and facilitate the examination of the optic disc and retina in patients with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.     

Endothelial keratoplasty technique for aniridic aphakic eyes

We describe special techniques to visualize the donor tissue in Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty and to prevent the tissue or stripped recipient Descemet's membrane from dropping onto the retina. The techniques were used successfully to treat corneal decompensation in 3 consecutive cases with no iris or lens present. The results indicate that with careful planning and a good technique, aniridic aphakic patients can benefit from the rapid corneal rehabilitation provided by endothelial keratoplasty.     

Descemet's stripping with automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK)

BACKGROUND: Although penetrating keratoplasty remains the gold standard for surgically treating corneal endothelial pathologies, tremendous progress has been made in recent years to improve the technology of (posterior) lamellar keratoplasty. METHODS: Literature review from PubMed and own data. RESULTS: Posterior lamellar keratoplasty using a microkeratome (Descemet's stripping with automated endothelial keratoplasty, or DSAEK) is a reliable surgical technique for Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Visual rehabilitation is faster with lamellar keratoplasty than penetrating keratoplasty. CONCLUSION: Posterior lamellar keratoplasty techniques such as DSAEK will become an important surgical treatment option for corneal endothelial pathologies.     

Diagnosis of residual Descemet's membrane after Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty with anterior segment optical coherence tomography

We present a patient with residual Descemet's membrane diagnosed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) after Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK). Postoperatively, persistent partial corneal edema and interface fluid without dislocation of the donor button were observed. No improvement of interface fluid was found during the follow-up period. A primary donor graft failure was diagnosed within 4 months, and the patient was regrafted with penetrating keratoplasty. Pathology examination of the specimen revealed the presence of residual Descemet's membrane in the recipient corneal button, confirmed using AS-OCT imaging. This case report demonstrates that inadequate Descemet's stripping in the recipient button could be a potential cause of DSEK failure; AS-OCT is a useful and noninvasive instrument for diagnosing and monitoring this post-DSEK complication.     

Endothelial keratoplasty: a revolution in evolution

Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is continually evolving both in surgical technique and clinical outcomes. Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) has replaced penetrating keratoplasty (PK) as the treatment of choice for corneal endothelial dysfunction. It is safe and predictable and offers early visual rehabilitation. Newer iterations include Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty, Descemet's membrane automated endothelial keratoplasty, and other hybrid techniques. Early data on these newer EK techniques suggests that they provide significantly better visual outcomes compared to DSEK. Initial 5-year survival data indicates that EK is at least comparable to PK, and more widespread survival data is anticipated. Further work is needed to simultaneously optimize visual outcomes, refractive predictability, and endothelial cell survival, as well as surgical techniques of donor preparation and insertion.     

Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome: suture-drag technique

Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty avoids a full-thickness corneal procedure and provides rapid visual rehabilitation. Success depends on positioning the graft successfully while minimizing intraoperative donor endothelial trauma. Previously described techniques for graft insertion may be problematic in patients with intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome, anatomically shallow or unstable anterior chambers, or increased intraoperative posterior vitreous pressure. We describe an alternative called the suture-drag technique that may facilitate lamellar endothelial graft insertion in these special circumstances.     

Femtosecond laser-assisted corneal surgery

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The femtosecond laser has potentially improved the safety and precision of creating corneal flaps in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). This review focuses on recent advances in applying femtosecond laser technology to other corneal procedures. RECENT FINDINGS: The femtosecond laser is capable of cutting tissue at various depths and patterns with minimal collateral tissue injury. The laser can now be used to perform corneal pockets for ring segments, arcuate wedge-shaped resection in correction of high astigmatism, lamellar dissections in anterior lamellar keratoplasty, donor tissue preparation in Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty, and shaped full-thickness keratoplasty. SUMMARY: Femtosecond laser-assisted corneal surgery may provide a more precise and safer approach to corneal surgery.     

Glide insertion technique for donor cornea lenticule during Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty

We describe a simple technique for inserting the donor corneal lenticule in Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty. Unlike the standard insertion method, which requires folding the donor lenticule, this technique uses a modified intraocular lens (IOL) glide to guide the unfolded donor lenticule through the small incision with an intraocular forceps. This prevents significant endothelial trauma and surgical difficulties when the lenticule is unfolded. Additional endothelial protection is provided by an ophthalmic visco-surgical device on the IOL glide, which protects the donor endothelium from the corneal wound edge and prevents iris prolapse during insertion.     

无缝线深板层角膜内皮移植术的研究进展

角膜内皮失代偿可严重影响视力,以往多采用的穿透性角膜移植手术(PKP)具有术后高度散光、移植片排斥等并发症,严重限制了术后视力的提高.如果能够单纯地进行后弹力层和内皮细胞层的移植,将减少手术操作所带来的受体角膜损伤并能更好地恢复术后视力.近年来,无缝线深板层角膜内皮移植手术的优点已逐渐获得公认;其中深板层角膜内皮细胞移植手术(DLEK)手术难度较大,限制了其在临床的广泛开展.而通过剥除受体角膜的后弹力层和内皮层来制作植床的角膜内皮移植手术即角膜后弹力层剥除内皮细胞移植手术(DSEK)已经取得了较好的手术效果.本文归纳、分析了DSEK的手术方法、效果及并发症等.