Q开关Nd:YAG激光治疗后囊膜混浊

目的:探讨Q开关Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后囊膜混浊的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析行Q开关Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术后囊膜混浊患者165例(193眼),记录手术前后视力、眼压及并发症,并进行统计学分析。结果:①后囊膜一次性切开成功率为100%,所用激光脉冲数平均24±21.7次,激光总能量4~451mJ;②91.2%(176眼)视力较术前提高;③59.6%(115眼)出现一过性眼压升高;手术前后眼压变化与是否植入人工晶状体、所用激光脉冲数以及白内障手术与后囊膜切开术间隔时间有关;④19.3%(32眼)出现人工晶状体损伤。结论:Q开关Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后囊膜混浊安全、有效,但应严格掌握适应证,并合理选择激光参数。     

两种Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开方式治疗后囊膜混浊的Meta分析

目的：系统评价两种Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开方式治疗白内障术后后囊膜混浊的效果与安全性,为临床实践中后囊膜切开方式的选择提供可靠依据。

方法：计算机检索中文全文期刊数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、Medline、Cochrane Library搜集不同Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开方式治疗后囊膜混浊的相关文章,检索时限定义为2000-01-01/2019-12-31,2位评价者独立进行文献检索、筛选、质量评价及数据提取,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。以均值差(MD)与95%置信区间(CI)衡量计量资料的效应量,对术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、术后眼压、激光使用能量进行合并分析。以比值比(OR)衡量计数资料的效应量,对出现人工晶状体受损以及眼前黑影飘动的比例进行合并分析。

结果：共纳入7篇研究,包括行Nd：YAG激光圆形后囊膜切开和十字形后囊膜切开共计432眼。Meta分析结果显示：圆形后囊膜切开组和十字形后囊膜切开组患者术后BCVA无差异(MD=-0.01,95%CI：-0.03～0.01,P=0.32); 术后眼压无差异(MD=-0.60,95%CI：-1.31～0.11,P=0.10); 使用激光能量无差异(MD=18.82,95%CI：-11.88～49.51,P=0.23); 晶状体受损率无差异(OR=0.97,95%CI：0.50～1.87,P=0.93); 眼前黑影飘动发生率无差异(OR=2.88,95%CI：0.28～29.26, P=0.37)。

结论：在白内障术后发生后囊膜混浊的患者行Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开治疗中,圆形后囊膜切开与十字形后囊膜切开在治疗效果与安全性方面均无明显差异。     

早期Nd:YAG激光后囊切开预防青壮年白内障术后后囊混浊

目的：寻找预防青壮年白内障术后后囊混浊的简单方法。

方法：在行白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入后1mo行Nd：YAG激光后囊切开。

结果：观察组21眼经3a随访,3眼出现后囊混浊。对照组20眼,3a时12眼发生后囊混浊,与观察组比较,Z=-3.04,P=0.002,两组差异有统计学意义。

结论：Nd：YAG激光预防性后囊切开,可有效地防止青壮年白内障术后后囊混浊的发生。     

Nd:YAG激光在散大瞳孔后对IOL术后PCO治疗的体会

目的:探讨Nd:YAG激光在散大瞳孔后治疗人工晶状体(IOL)植入术后后发性白内障的方法和效果。方法:应用Nd:YAG激光机对500例后发性白内障行激光后囊切开术。结果:切开术成功率为99.8%,视力增进者97.2%。结论:Nd:YAG激光于散大瞳孔后治疗后发性白内障IOL损伤小、视力提高显著。     

掺钕─钇铝石榴石激光虹膜切开术后房角结构改变及眼压变化

对16只青紫蓝兔32只眼行掺钕-钇铝石榴石（Nd：YAG）激光虹膜切开术，借助光镜、电镜观察术后即刻至8个月房角结构的改变。同时，临床观察术前后眼压的变化。结果显示，Nd：YAG激光虹膜切开术后，房角被纤维蛋白渗出物、组织碎屑、色素颗粒及红细胞吞噬时间推移通过房水引流即小梁滤过及细胞吞噬消化得以逐渐清除。术后一过性眼压升高可能与房角小梁网机械性堵塞有关，而非激光能量直接损伤小梁网所致。     

钕钇铝石榴石激光治疗后囊混浊（353例）

采用钕钆铝石榴石激光切除白内障囊外摘除术后１０１例后房人工晶体植入后２５２例的后囊混浊共３５３例，激光治疗疗后视力均明显提高，矫正视力＞１．０者占８２．４％，无１例＜０．５。无明显并发症。     

后发性白内障治疗前后对1CU可调节人工晶状体移动度的影响

背景 后发性白内障的发生使1CU可调节人工晶状体(1CU AIOL)的拟调节力及远近视功能明显下降,影响其远期临床效果.目前国内外关于后发性白内障对IOL眼内移动度的影响及Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术后是否可恢复IOL眼内移动度的研究报道较少. 目的 探讨后发性白内障及Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术对1CU AIOL眼内移动度的影响.方法 采用系列病例观察试验设计.收集因单纯性白内障行白内障超声乳化摘出术联合1CU AIOL植入术后发生后发性白内障者20例24眼,分别于IOL植入术后3个月、Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术前1d、Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术后3个月进行随访观察,检测术眼最佳矫正远视力下的近视力(DCNVA),并用IOL Master检测10 g/L匹罗卡品滴眼液点眼前及点眼后的前房深度,计算其差值作为IOL的眼内移动度.比较上述3个时间点IOL的眼内移动度变化,评价后发性白内障及激光治疗对1CU AIOL眼内移动的影响. 结果 1CU AIOL植入术后3个月IOL的眼内移动度为(0.44±0.21)mm,发生后发性白内障后,术眼行Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术前1 d IOL的眼内移动度为(0.27±0.11)mm,Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术后3个月IOL的眼内移动度为(0.34±0.10)mm,3个时间点间IOL的眼内移动度差异有统计学意义(F=7.180,P=0.001),与IOL植入术后3个月比较,Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术前1d IOL的眼内移动度明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P=0.006);与后囊膜切开术前1d相比,Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术后3个月IOL的眼内移动度略有增加,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.059).1CU AIOL植入术后3个月术眼DCNVA为(3.1±0.9)J,Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术前1d为(6.2±0.8)J,Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术后3个月为(3.4±0.7)J,3个时间点间的差异有统计学意义(F=110.270,P=0.000),其中Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术前1d术眼DCNVA明显低于IOL植入术后3个月,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),与后囊膜切开术前1d相比,Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术后3个月术眼DCNVA明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).IOL植入术后3个月、Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术前1d、Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术后3个月DCNVA与1CU AIOL的眼内移动度均无显著的相关性(r1=-0.150,P1=0.486;r2 =-0.320,P2=0.122:r3=-0.100,P3=0.633). 结论 后发性白内障使1CU AIOL的眼内移动度明显下降,Nd∶YAG激光后囊膜切开术对IOL的移动度并无明显影响,但术后术眼仍可恢复较好的视近功能,可能与多种因素产生的拟调节有关.     

Effect of pilocarpine in treatment of intraocular pressure elevation following neodymium: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy

A prospective study was conducted in 30 eyes of 30 patients to determine if pilocarpine would prevent increased intraocular pressure following Q-switched neodymium (Nd):YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Fifteen eyes were given pilocarpine 4%, immediately following laser therapy and every hour until bedtime. Fifteen eyes served as untreated controls. Our results show that without prophylactic therapy, 10 of 15 eyes (67%) had a post-laser intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation of greater than 10 mmHg, while only one of 15 (6.6%) of the pilocarpine-treated eyes had a rise of that magnitude. The facility of outflow was reduced by 42% in the untreated eyes in contrast to an increase of 3% in those eyes treated with pilocarpine. Thus, pilocarpine 4% is effective in reducing the incidence and magnitude of elevated IOP following Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy.     

晶状体后囊皱褶Nd：YAG激光切开术

目的探讨Nd：YAG激光晶状体后囊皱褶切开术的效果。方法晶状体后囊皱褶33例（33眼）。术前爱尔卡因表麻下置CGP角膜接触镜,借助瞄准光,准确聚焦于皱褶上,发射Nd：YAG激光,单脉冲切开皱褶能量为0．4～1．0mJ,每次治疗总量为20—30mJ,平均（25±0．12）mJ。结果后囊皱褶激光切开术后矫正视力：1．0者22眼占66．67％,0．6—0．8者7眼占21．21％,0．5—0．7者4眼占12．12％。裂隙灯显微镜下观察未发生人工晶状体损伤,无玻璃体疝、黄斑囊样水肿或视网膜脱离等并发症。结论用Nd：YAG激光切开晶状体后囊皱褶,可增进视力,疗效良好。     

后囊混浊激光治疗与角膜内皮细胞丢失的临床研究

为研究人晶体后囊混浊行Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光切开术对角膜内皮细胞的影响，用Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光治疗３３例（３３只眼）后囊混浊切开，在激光前与激光后７天检测内皮细胞。结果①激光前角膜内皮细胞平均密度为２４０１个／ｍｍ２，激光后７天内皮细胞密度为２３０１个／ｍｍ２，内皮细胞丢失率为４．３８％，六边形细胞丢失率６．５８％。②激光后与激光前的内皮细胞密度及六边形细胞百分数均有统计学显著性差异（分别为ｔ＝３．６１，ｐ＜０．０５；ｔ＝４．２８，ｐ＜０．０１）。③切开后囊所用激光总能量与内皮细胞丢失无相关性，而单次激光能量则与其有统计学上相关性（ｒ＝０．４３６４，ｐ＜０．０５）。结论Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光行后囊混浊切开时，其对角膜内皮细胞有一定的影响，为减少对内皮细胞的损害，单次低量，多次的切开后囊的激光使用为最佳方法。     

Outcome of posterior capsulotomy in late capsular block syndrome with posterior capsular opacification

BACKGROUND: To examine the results of neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy in eyes with late or previously unrecognized capsular block syndrome (CBS) presenting with deterioration of vision owing to posterior capsular opacification (PCO). METHODS: Patients, who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular implantation and were referred for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy owing to PCO, were prospectively examined for the presence of CBS. When indicated, Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was carried out. Prospective follow-up examinations were performed for the next 6 months. The outcome measures were post-laser change in best corrected visual acuity, refraction, change in intraocular pressure, inflammation and complication rate. RESULTS: Of 655 patients referred for capsulotomy, eight had an associated CBS in that eye. These eight eyes comprised the study cases. The presence of CBS had not been recognized before the development of PCO. Best corrected visual acuity improved in all cases. In seven out of eight (87.5%) eyes refraction was unchanged throughout the follow up. Ocular hypertension, inflammation or other complications did not develop. CONCLUSION: Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in eyes with PCO and late or previously unrecognized CBS is a safe procedure, resulting in improved visual acuity without refractive change.     

Acute elevations of intraocular pressure following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy

We performed applanation tonometry preoperatively, hourly for the first four postoperative hours and on the first postoperative day in 66 eyes after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in order to determine the nature of the acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and the risk factors involved. Forty-one percent of eyes developed an intraocular pressure greater than 30 mmHg and 14% greater than 40 mmHg. The IOP spike occurred on the second postoperative hour in 35% of eyes. Patients with controlled glaucoma prior to capsulotomy had a significantly lower mean IOP rise than patients without glaucoma. Eyes with posterior chamber IOLs were less likely to develop an IOP greater than 30 mmHg than were aphakic eyes without IOLs. There was no correlation between the laser energy or the size of the capsulotomy and the IOP rise.     

Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开孔径大小对屈光度、眼压和黄斑厚度的影响

目的探讨Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开孔径大小对后发性白内障患者术后屈光度、眼压和黄斑厚度的影响。方法回顾性分析Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开术治疗后发性白内障患者76例（83只眼）,根据后囊膜切开孔径大小,将患者分为两组：A组3.5～4.5 mm,B组4.6～5.5 mm,观察术前以及术后1 d、1周、1个月患者最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、等效球镜（SE）、眼压和黄斑厚度的变化。结果 A组和B组术后BCVA均较术前明显提高（P〈0.05）,而两组间BCVA差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后两组SE均较术前增加（P〈0.05）;术后1个月两组SE均高于术后1 d、1周（P〈0.05）,且B组患者SE大于A组（P〈0.05）。术后1 d两组眼压均较术前升高（P〈0.05）;而与术前相比,术后1周、1个月两组眼压差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组间眼压差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后1 d、1周两组黄斑厚度均较术前增加（P〈0.05）;而术后1个月两组黄斑厚度与术前相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组间黄斑厚度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开孔径的大小与术后眼压、黄斑厚度的改变无关,但较大的切开孔径会引起更多的远视漂移。     

YAG激光后囊切开术治疗晚期囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障

目的：观察YAG激光后囊切开术治疗晚期囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障的疗效。

方法：对临床确诊为囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障的13例18眼患者行YAG激光后囊切开术,观察术后1,4,24h; 1,2wk的非矫正远视力、眼压、房水、玻璃体及主观症状的变化。

结果：YAG激光后囊切开术治疗囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障,可以提高患者非矫正远视力; 部分患者可出现前房内游走颗粒,但不引起炎症反应; 术后1,4,24h部分患者会引起一过性眼压升高,甚至需降眼压治疗,但术前术后眼压变化无统计学意义; 所有患者术后均出现玻璃体混浊加重,眼前漂浮影增多,但均在2wk内恢复。

结论：YAG激光后囊切开术治疗囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障,可以提高患者视力,但应严密观察患者眼压、前房内炎症反应等,及时给予处理。     

后发性白内障行Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术后视觉质量改变

目的：观察分析白内障人工晶状体植入术后后发性白内障( posterior capsule opacification,PCO)患者行Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开术前后视力、全眼高阶像差( total high-order aberration, tHOA )、调制传递函数( modulation transfer function,MTF)、视觉质量的变化。
　　方法：选取2014-06/2015-09来我院就诊的白内障人工晶状体植入术后PCO患者共100例100眼,年龄47~80(平均65.52±7.01)岁,所有患者均行Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开术(激光孔径≥5 mm )治疗,观察激光术前后最佳矫正视力( best corrected vision acuity,BCVA)的变化,应用iTrace视觉功能分析仪分别测量分析3 mm和5 mm瞳孔直径下激光术前后全眼总高阶像差tHOA及MTF的变化。结果：所有Nd：YAG激光手术顺利,未发生明显术中、术后意外情况及并发症,BCVA：术前0.451±0.023,术后0.763±0.025,手术前后 BCVA 差异有统计学意义( P<0.01)。3 mm瞳孔直径下术前 tHOA 0.551±0.031,术后 tHOA 0.214±0.011,手术前后3 mm瞳孔直径下tHOA 差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。3mm瞳孔直径下激光术后在5、10、15、20、25、30 c/d 6种空间频率下 MTF tHOA 值(0.644±0.023、0.497±0.011、0.311±0.015、0.202±0.018、0.056±0.027、0.041±0.011)较术前(0.401±0.021、0.261±0.026、0.179±0.012、0.108±0.014、0.031±0.016、0.022±0.021)显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5mm瞳孔直径下术前 tHOA 0.752±0.028,术后 tHOA 0.361±0.014,激光术前后5 mm瞳孔直径下tHOA 差异有统计学意义( P <0.01)。5 mm瞳孔直径下激光术后在5、10、15、20、25、30 c/d 6种空间频率下 MTF tHOA 值(0.426±0.027、0.209±0.018、0.172±0.013、0.116±0.015、0.049±0.010、0.034±0.014)较术前(0.234±0.021、0.102±0.019、0.088±0.016、0.058±0.022、0.021±0.014、0.016±0.011)显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
　　结论：PCO 患者行 Nd：YAG 激光后囊膜切开术治疗后BCVA提高、tHOA 降低、MTF值增大、患眼的视觉质量明显提高。     

Nd:YAG激光松解切开术治疗晶状体后囊膜皱褶

目的:探讨Nd:YAG激光松解切开术治疗晶状体后囊膜皱褶的效果。方法:术前爱尔卡因表面麻醉下置CGP角膜接触镜,借助瞄准光,准确聚焦于皱褶上,发射Nd:YAG激光,单脉冲松解皱褶能量为0.4～1.0mJ,每次治疗总量为20～30(平均24.00±0.0625)mJ。结果:后囊膜皱褶激光松解切开术后矫正视力1.0者31眼(58%),0.6～0.8者17眼(32%),0.4～0.5者5眼(9%)。裂隙灯下观察未发生人工晶状体损伤,无玻璃体疝、黄斑囊样水肿或视网膜脱离等并发症。结论:用Nd:YAG激光松解切开术治疗晶状体后囊膜皱褶,可增进视力,疗效良好。     

Intraocular pressure elevation following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy

Intraocular pressures (IOP) and tonographic outflow facilities were measured following neodymium (Nd): YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in 13 pseudophakic and 8 aphakic eyes. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) peaked by three hours with a mean increase of 13 mmHg, remained elevated by 5 mmHg at 24 hours but returned to baseline by one week. Fourteen eyes (67%) had greater than or equal to 10 mmHg elevation and eight (38%) had greater than or equal to 40 mmHg maximum IOP. All the patients who eventually demonstrated a greater than or equal to 10 mmHg elevation within six hours of the capsulotomy initially had an IOP elevation greater than or equal to 5 mmHg at one hour. The mean outflow facility was reduced from 0.18 microl/min/mmHg before capsulotomy to 0.08 microl/min/mmHg (55%, P less than 0.0001) at four hours and was still decreased at 0.13 microl/min/mmHg (27%, P less than 0.05) at one week. Seventy-five percent of aphakic and 15% of pseudophakic patients had maximum IOP greater than or equal to 40 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Measurements should be performed one hour postlaser in all patients for IOP and three to four hours in aphakic patients, glaucomatous patients, patients receiving greater than or equal to 200 mjoules total laser energy, and patients with greater than or equal to 5 mmHg elevation at one hour in order to detect and treat significant IOP elevations.     

A new technique for Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy

AIM: To investigate the effects of a new opening pattern in neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy on visual function.METHODS: This technique was conducted along a circular pattern. The energy ranged between 0.8 and 1.2 mJ/pulse was consumed and mean total energy levels were 74±21 mJ (mean±standard deviation:SD, from 40 to 167) and laser shots aimed at 150 µm away behind a datum point and went along an imaginary line which extends 0.5 mm inside from optic margin and into the circular en bloc pattern. Vitreous stands were attached with fragment and then they were cut off by the laser after circular application. The circular fragment was completely separated from vitreous, and then this fragment was quickly sunk in intravitreal space.RESULTS: The follow-up period ranges from at least a week to 40mo, making 15.8mo on average. The procedural outcome showed 96% (74 eyes out of the 77 eyes) enhancement in patients’ visual acuity. Cystoid macular edema or retinal detachment was not observed in any of the patients during follow-up periods.CONCLUSION: This new technique is expected to improve the weaknesses that the conventional procedures have by adding the process to cut off vitreous stands attached with the fragment by the laser to the circular application.     

Stability of neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in eyes with capsular tension rings

AIM: To evaluate the stability of neodymium (Nd):YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in eyes with capsular tension rings (CTRs).METHODS: A total of 60 eyes that underwent cataract surgery and laser posterior capsulotomy postoperatively were included in this retrospective cohort study. To evaluate the safety and stability of capsulotomy, changes in the size of posterior capsulotomy and anterior chamber depth (ACD) in three groups: the group without CTR, the group with 12 mm CTRs, and the group with 13 mm CTRs, at 1wk, 3, 12, and 15mo after capsulotomy, were compared.RESULTS: In the group without CTR and the group with 12 mm CTR, there was no significant change in ACD at every post-laser follow-up. In the group with 13 mm CTR, the ACD change was significant until 3mo after capsulotomy. In all groups, there was a significant increase in the area of capsulotomy between 1wk and 3mo post-laser. Between 3 and 12mo post-laser, only the group with 13 mm CTR showed a significant increase in the area of capsulotomy (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Laser posterior capsulotomy is safe in all three groups. The capsulotomy and ACD become stabilized and have not shown significant changes since 1y post-laser, even with larger CTRs. The maintenance of centrifugal capsular tension can last longer with larger CTRs, and the stability of the capsulotomy site can be reached about 12mo after capsulotomy in pseudophakic eyes with larger CTRs.