颈后路三种手术方法对颈椎曲度及轴性症状的长期影响

[目的] 探讨颈椎后路三种手术方法对术后颈椎曲度及轴性症状(axial symptom.AS)产生的长期影响及临床意义.[方法]自2004年5月~2008年1月,回顾性分析98例多阶段脊髓型颈椎病(cervical spondyiotic myelopathy,CMS)患者.A组30例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈后路全椎板减压手术.其中,男22例,女8例;年龄42～75岁,平均57.1岁.B组36例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈后路单开门椎管成形手术.其中,男25例,女 11例;年龄47~68岁,平均56.6岁.C组32例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行颈后路椎板减压侧块螺钉内固定术.其中,男23例,女9例;年龄40～72岁,平均54.4岁.所有患者术前及术后均行颈椎X线检查,对三组患者手术前后的JOA评分、颈椎曲度指数的丢失程度(curvature index,CI)及轴性症状的严重程度进行比较评估.[结果]随访时间24~48个月,平均34个月.JOA评分恢复率,A组患者为(60.1±17.2)%,B组患者为(59.6±21.3)%,C组患者为(62.3±15.8)%,三组差异无统计学意义.A组患者术后颈椎曲度丢失指数为(3.5±2.5)%,B组患者为(3.2±2.6)%,C组为(2.2±1.3)%,三组患者手术前后颈椎曲度的变化差异有统计学意义.A组术后有明显轴性症状患者的比例为43.3%,B组为30.6%,C组为15.6%,三组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论] 颈后路椎板减压术应用侧块螺钉内固定与病人术后恢复程度无明显关联.侧块螺钉内固定能有效防止术后颈椎曲度丢失,并且较少术后轴性症状的发生.     

颈椎后路改良单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

目的 :探讨颈椎后路改良单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法 :回顾性分析2013年6月~2015年12月采颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗并获得随访的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,均采用相同的微型钛板固定单开门椎板,其中21例(男17例,女4例,年龄66.2±10.0岁)采用改良单开门椎管扩大成形术(改良组),39例(男36例,女3例,年龄57.3±10.5岁)采用传统单开门椎管扩大成形术(传统组),收集两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、手术费用,随访两组患者神经功能改善情况、颈椎曲度、颈椎曲度指数、颈椎活动度及轴性症状等,并进行比较。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、病程、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间均无显著性差异(P0.05),两组手术费用比较有显著性差异,改良组平均手术费用明显低于传统组(P0.05)。术后随访12~24个月,术后12个月两组患者均达到骨性融合,两组神经功能均明显改善,JOA评分改善率改良组为(60.46±9.65)%,传统组为(46.41±24.33)%,两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。改良组术后12个月时颈椎曲度丢失4.7°±1.9°,颈椎曲度指数丢失(3.09±.14)%,颈椎活动度丢失7.3°±2.3°;传统组颈椎曲度丢失8.9°±5.6°,颈椎曲度指数丢失(6.27±3.42)%,颈椎活动度丢失13.0°±3.9°,两组比较均有显著性差异(P0.01)。改良组术后出现轴性疼痛症状患者3例,传统组为19例,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.01)。随访期间两组均无再关门发生,两组均无钛板、螺钉松动移位。结论:与颈椎后路传统单开门椎管扩大成形术相比,改良单开门椎管扩大成形术在获得良好神经减压效果的同时,可减少手术费用,降低术后颈椎轴性症状的发生率,有利于颈椎曲度和颈椎活动度的维持。     

Anterior corpectomy versus posterior laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Surgical strategy for multilevel cervical myelopathy resulting from cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) still remains controversial. There are still questions about the relative benefit and safety of direct decompression by anterior corpectomy (CORP) versus indirect decompression by posterior laminoplasty (LAMP).

Objective

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the results of anterior CORP compared with posterior LAMP for patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy.

Methods

Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing anterior CORP with posterior LAMP for the treatment of multilevel cervical myelopathy due to CSM or OPLL from 1990 to December 2012. An extensive search of literature was performed in Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. The quality of the studies was assessed according to GRADE. The following outcome measures were extracted: pre- and postoperative Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) score, neurological recovery rate (RR), surgical complications, reoperation rate, operation time and blood loss. Two reviewers independently assessed each study for quality and extracted data. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the mean number of surgical segments.

Results

A total of 12 studies were included in this review, all of which were prospective or retrospective cohort studies with relatively low quality. The results indicated that the mean JOA score system for cervical myelopathy and the neurological RR in the CORP group were superior to those in the LAMP group when the mean surgical segments were <3, but were similar between the two groups in the case of the mean surgical segments equal to 3 or more. There was no statistical difference in the surgical complication rate between the two groups when the mean surgical segments <3, but were significantly higher incidences of surgical complications and complication-related reoperation in the CORP group compared with the LAMP group in the case of the mean surgical segments equal to 3 or more. Besides, the operation time in the CORP group was longer than that in the LAMP group, and the average blood loss was significantly more in the CORP group compared with the LAMP group.

Conclusion

Based on the results above, anterior CORP and fusion is recommended for the treatment of multilevel cervical myelopathy when the involved surgical segments were <3. Given the higher rates of surgical complications and complication-related reoperation and the higher surgical trauma associated with multilevel CORP, however, it is suggested that posterior LAMP may be the preferred method of treatment for multilevel cervical myelopathy when the involved surgical segments were equal to 3 or more. In addition, taking the limitations of this study into consideration, it was still not appropriate to draw a strong conclusion claiming superiority for CORP or LAMP. A well-designed, prospective, randomized controlled trial is necessary to provide objective data on the clinical results of both procedures.     

三种颈前路减压术式治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的并发症比较

目的:分析比较不同颈前路减压术式治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病术后并发症的差异。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月～2011年8月手术治疗的327例三节段脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为三组:前路椎间盘切除减压融合术(anterior cervical discectomy with fusion,ACDF)(A组)、前路椎体切除减压融合术(anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion,ACCF)(B组)和ACDF+ACCF"混合式"减压术(C组),其中A组男性69例,女性55例,平均年龄53.48±8.50岁;B组男性51例,女性43例,平均年龄54.36±7.82岁;C组男性61例,女性48例,平均年龄53.68±7.80岁,组间比较无统计学差异。对三种不同手术方式并发症情况进行比较。结果:平均随访时间3.5年(1.5～5年)。共有69例在手术后出现多种并发症,包括植骨未融合11例,其中C组3例(2.75%),B组8例(8.51%),B组植骨不愈合发生率显著高于A组和C组(P<0.05);声音嘶哑12例,其中A组5例(4.03%),B组3例(3.19%),C组4例(3.67%);吞咽困难26例,其中A组11例(8.87%),B组7例(7.45%),C组8例(7.34%);C5神经根麻痹12例,其中A组2例(1.61%),B组5例(5.32%),C组5例(4.59%);脑脊液漏5例,其中A组3例,C组2例;切口感染3例,其中B组2例,C组1例。A组患者并发症发生率为16.94%,B组为26.60%,C组为21.10%,B组患者术后并发症的发生率显著高于其余两组(P<0.05)。结论:多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者手术治疗中,ACDF的并发症发生率最低,ACCF术式应慎用,其并发症的发生率较高。     

颈椎前路减压分段融合术和后路椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的病例对照研究

目的 :比较颈椎前路减压分段融合术和后路椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:对2009年7月至2012年6月收治的56例多节段脊髓型颈椎病病例进行回顾性分析,男32例,女24例;年龄42~79岁,平均(56.9±12.8)岁,病程2个月~16年,平均(10.6±3.2)年。所有患者术前经影像学检查显示有多节段颈椎间盘突出,并具有脊髓型颈椎病的临床表现。其中34例采用颈椎前路减压分段融合术(前路组),22例采用后路椎管扩大成形术(后路组)。通过影像学资料对两组患者手术前后的病变节段前柱高度和颈椎前曲度进行比较,并采用JOA评分评价手术效果。结果:两组患者无神经血管并发症发生,并获得24~36个月的随访(平均28.6个月)。前路组,术后2周时颈椎病变节段前柱高度较术前明显增高(P0.05),颈椎前曲度较术前明显降低(P0.05)。后路组,术后2周及末次随访时,病变节段前柱高度和颈椎前曲度较术前差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组间在术后2周及末次随访时颈椎前曲度差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后两组JOA评分均出现了明显恢复,术后3个月及末次随访时,前路组明显高于后路组(P0.05),且JOA评分改善率前路组也优于后路组(P0.05)。结论:这种分段式前路融合手术可以有效地恢复颈椎前柱高度,并且与颈椎后路椎管扩大成形术相比,可以显著地改善脊髓功能,是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方案。     

Comparative analysis of complications of different reconstructive techniques following anterior decompression for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Purpose

Anterior approach was extensively used in surgical treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Following anterior decompression, many different reconstructive techniques (multilevel ACDF, hybrid construct and long corpectomy) all had satisfied outcomes. However, there are few studies focusing on the comparison of these three reconstructed techniques. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the complications of these three different methods.

Methods

This study retrospectively reviewed the complications in 286 consecutive patients with multilevel CSM who underwent anterior cervical surgery from 2005 to 2010. This case series had 166 men and 120 women whose mean age at surgery was 53.8 years (range from 33 to 74 years). Radiographic evaluation was taken the day after surgery, and the flexion–extension X-rays were added 3, 12 and 24 months postoperatively to evaluate the fusion condition. Preoperative versus postoperative neurologic function and clinical outcome were evaluated using scoring systems such as the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA score), Neck Disability Index (NDI score) and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36 score).

Results

There were no significant differences in JOA scores, NDI scores and SF-36 scores of the pairwise comparison among the three groups. The complications in our series included graft migration, collapse or displacement, hoarseness, dysphagia, C5 palsy, cerebral fluid leakage and wound infection. Sixty-one patients developed complications after surgery and the rate of complication was 21.33 %. Patients in the long corpectomy group had the highest rate of complications; the other two groups had a much lower rate of complications by the latest follow-up. The patients in the multilevel ACDF group had the highest fusion rate by the last follow-up. Patients who had C2–3 and C3–4 segments involved had a higher rate of postoperative hoarseness and dysphagia.

Conclusions

Most of the complications of the three reconstructive techniques subsided gradually after conservative treatment; none of them needed revision surgery. The multilevel ACDF approach has the lowest rate of non-union, but a slightly higher morbidity of the laryngeal nerve-related complication if proximal segments were involved. The long corpectomy approach should be selected prudently because of the high rate of complication.     

颈前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的:探讨多节段颈椎病颈前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合内固定术的疗效。方法 :对2012年10月至2014年6月行颈椎前路治疗的28例脊髓型颈椎病的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中男18例,女10例;年龄45~77(60.11±9.37)岁;27例患者病变累及3个节段,1例累及4个节段;术前JOA评分为8.89±1.87,拟融合节段Cobb角为(4.87±4.56)°,颈椎曲度为(11.68±1.25)°,均行颈椎前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合内固定术。通过影像学资料测量术后1、12个月时的融合节段Cobb角、颈椎曲度,并采用JOA评分评价疗效。结果:手术时间120~205 min,平均163 min;术中出血量100~300 ml,平均198 ml;术后1例患者出现声音嘶哑,术后3周恢复正常;1例出现饮水呛咳,术后1周恢复正常。28例患者均获得随访,时间12~24(18.46±3.20)个月。术后12个月植骨椎间隙均获骨性愈合,内固定物位置良好。术后1、12个月时融合节段Cobb角与颈椎曲度及JOA评分均较术前明显改善(P0.05)。术后12个月JOA评分改善率为(46.46±20.26)%,手术疗效根据改善率评定:优12例,良14例,好转2例。结论:颈椎前路椎体次全切除联合椎间隙减压融合内固定术治疗多节段颈椎病效果满意。     

颈椎后路三种手术方式对改善多节段颈椎病生理曲度及疗效的远期观察

[目的]本研究通过回顾性分析行颈椎后路手术的多节段脊髓型颈椎病合并后纵韧带骨化(ossificationofposteriorlongitudinalligament.OPLL)患者的颈椎曲率变化、JOA评分改善率以及颈肩轴性痛VAS评分改善率,比较颈椎后路三种手术方式对改善颈椎曲度、神经功能及轴性症状的远期影响.[方法]根据手术方式分三组:A组颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术29例,B组颈椎后路全椎板切除术23例,C组颈椎后路全椎板切除侧块螺钉内固定术26例,记录术前、术后的颈椎曲度、JOA评分及轴性症状等.[结果]JOA评分改善率:3组患者术后与术前相比均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).末次随访时c组最高.颈椎曲度改善率:C组最好,A组次之,B组最差.并发症发生情况:在轴性症状上,3组的VAS评分两两比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组最高,A组次之,C组最低.[结论]采用颈椎后路三种手术方式治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病合并OPLL均能达到良好的疗效.颈椎后路全椎板切除侧块螺钉内固定术可有效改善神经功能,恢复和保持颈椎曲度,降低轴性症状及C5神经根麻痹发生率.     

颈后路侧块螺钉内固定术中曲度矫正对改善术后颈椎轴性症状的临床研究

目的探讨颈椎后路侧块螺钉内固定术中曲度矫正对术后颈椎曲度、椎间隙高度及轴性症状产生的长期影响及临床意义。方法自2009-05-2012-01,回顾性分析70例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,A组34例患者行常规颈后路椎板减压侧块螺钉内固定术。B组36例患者行颈后路椎板减压侧块螺钉内固定术并在C型臂X线机透视下进行颈椎曲度及高度矫正。对两组患者手术前后的JOA评分、颈椎曲度指数及轴性症状评分进行比较评估。结果两组患者JOA评分恢复率、颈椎曲度丢失情况对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组有明显轴性症状的患者比例方面,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈后路椎板减压侧块螺钉内固定术中,应用C型臂X线机透视进行颈椎曲度及高度矫正临床效果良好,可明显恢复颈椎生理曲度、适当恢复椎间隙高度、改善患者术后轴性症状。     

术前C7/T1椎间孔面积对后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效的影响

【摘要】 目的：探究术前C7/T1椎间孔面积对脊髓型颈椎病患者接受后路单开门椎管扩大成形术疗效的影响。方法：回顾性分析2021年9月~2022年9月在我院因脊髓型颈椎病行后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗的76例患者,其中男58例、女18例,年龄为64.4±8.5岁。于患者术前颈椎双斜位X线片上测量C7/T1椎间孔面积,根据C7/T1椎间孔面积分为两组：A组,C7/T1椎间孔面积≤平均值（40例）,B组,C7/T1椎间孔面积大于平均值（36例）。收集并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量,两组患者的术前、术后3个月、术后12个月的JOA评分,计算JOA改善率;记录两组患者术后12个月的轴性症状发生情况,采用T检验、方差分析及卡方检验分析术前不同C7/T1椎间孔面积的患者接受颈后路单开门手术治疗后是否存在疗效的差异性。结果：C7/T1椎间孔面积A组为35.2±9.7mm2,B组为65.7±13.1mm2;术前C2~C7 Cobb角A组为14.0°±3.6°,B组为16.0°±5.5°,两组间椎间孔面积和C2~C7 Cobb角有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。手术时间A组127.5±23.6min,B组120.3±32.6min;出血量A组176.8±88.2mL,B组183.6±100.2mL,两组间均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。术前JOA评分A组10.9±2.0分,B组10.3±2.1分,两组间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。术后3个月JOA评分A组12.8±1.5分,B组14.0±2.2分;术后12个月JOA评分A组14.1±1.5分,B组15.9±1.7分,两组间有统计学差异（P<0.05）。术后3个月、12个月JOA评分改善率两组间有统计学差异（P<0.05）。A、B两组术后12个月的轴性症状发生率分别为42.5%和19.4%,有统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论：术前C7/T1椎间孔面积较大的患者后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后神经功能的恢复更好,JOA改善率更高,术后轴性症状的发生率更低。     

甲基强的松龙在脊髓型颈椎病外科治疗中的应用价值

目的:探讨甲基强的松龙(MP)的不同剂量和用法对脊髓型颈椎病患者脊髓减压术后神经功能恢复的影响。方法:脊髓型颈椎病患者87例,根据MP不同剂量和用法分为4组,A组:小剂量术后组,22例;B组:大剂量术中组,25例;C组:大剂量术后组,24例;D组:未用MP组,16例。术后近期(1周)、远期(半年)按日本骨科协会(JOA)评分计算4组患者的神经功能恢复率,统计并发症。远期神经功能评分增加按ODOM分级评分。结果:A、D组分别和B、C组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),A组与D组、B组与C组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。4组均未发生创口和肺部感染,B组发生1例胃大部切除吻合口溃疡,C组1例出现黑便。各组远期随访未发现骨质疏松、骨坏死等并发症,植骨融合良好。结论:大剂量MP连续应用能明显提高脊髓型颈椎病患者术后神经功能的恢复率;MP的上述用法是安全的,但对消化道并发症应给予关注。     

Enlarged laminectomy and lateral mass screw fixation for multilevel cervical degenerative myelopathy associated with kyphosis

Background contextEither an anterior approach or a posterior approach, which aims to decompress the spinal cord and restore the sagittal alignment, has been adopted to treat multilevel cervical degenerative myelopathy (CDM) associated with kyphosis. However, there is controversy on the optimal surgical strategy for the treatment of multilevel CDM with kyphotic deformity because of the complications of each surgical approach.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the surgical efficacy of enlarged laminectomy (removing the inside edge of facet joints and decompressing the nerve foramina) and lateral mass screw fixation for the treatment of multilevel CDM associated with kyphosis.Study designA retrospective radiographic and clinical study to access the efficacy of enlarged laminectomy with lateral mass screw fixation in the treatment of multilevel CDM related to kyphosis.Patient sampleA total of 43 patients (28 men and 15 women; average age, 59.6 years) with multilevel CDM correlated to kyphosis were obtained in the study.Outcome measuresAll radiological data were recorded on computer-based measurement from preoperative or postoperative X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography. All neurological parameters were accessed in each patient.MethodsAnalysis consisted of: Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, recovery rate, curvature index (CI), the expansion degree and drift-back distance of the spinal cord, axial symptom severity, and C5 root palsy. The recovery rate based on the JOA score was calculated for each patient. Cervical CI as well as the expansion degree and drift-back distance of the spinal cord was measured using MRI. Axial symptom severity was quantified by a visual analog scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was performed using paired t test with significance set at p<.05.ResultsEnlarged laminectomy was performed over a mean of 3.97 levels (range, 3–5 levels). Follow-up information was obtained at a mean of 2.8 years (range, 1.5–5 years) after surgery. Analysis of the final follow-up data showed significant differences before and after surgery in the JOA score (t=24.17, p<.001), CI improvement (t=21.89, p<.001), the anteroposterior diameter at the level of maximum compression of the spinal cord (t=9.54, p<.001), and VAS score (t=13.30, p<.001). The mean spinal cord posterior shift was 4.72±1.10 mm (range, 0–6.71 mm). X-rays confirmed that bone grafts were completely fused at a mean of 3 months after surgery. During the follow-up period, only two patients (4.7%) did not obtain complete recovery, four patients (9.3%) experienced axial symptoms; there were no C5 root palsy and instrument failures noted in this series.ConclusionEnlarged laminectomy with fixation for the management of multilevel CDM is demonstrated to be an effective strategy for improving neurological function, restoring the normal cervical lordosis, and decreasing the incidence of axial symptoms and C5 root palsy, but there is a need for randomized controlled studies with long-term follow-up to confirm and clarify these results.     

前路分节段减压植骨融合术治疗多节段颈椎病的疗效分析

目的：评价前路分节段减压植骨融合术治疗多节段颈椎病的临床疗效.方法：对25例连续三节段病变的颈椎病患者采用分节段单间隙减压＋单椎体次全切除植骨融合内固定术治疗,分析手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及住院费用、术后3个月植骨融合率、JOA评分改善率,并与同期由同一组医师采用两椎体次全切除长节段植骨融合内固定术的11例患者比较.结果：两组患者术后3个月随访时JOA评分均有不同程度提高,改善率无明显差异;分节段减压手术组平均手术时间、术中平均出血量、平均住院时间均低于长节段减压组,两者在统计学上有显著性差异;分节段减压手术组术后3个月植骨融合率为100%,高于长节段减压组（91%）,且无植骨块延期融合、内置物下沉等并发症发生,但两组间无统计学差异.结论：颈前路分节段减压植骨融合术治疗多节段颈椎病是较好的手术方式,具有更多优点.     

ACCF联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨颈前路椎体次全切除减压融合术(ACCF)联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-05—2017-07采用ACCF联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗的30例多节段脊髓型颈椎病,比较术前、术后1周及末次随访时JOA评分、颈椎Cobb角、椎间隙高度。结果30例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间平均21.6个月,切口均一期愈合,植骨均骨性愈合,无内固定松动、移位、断裂、伤口感染、声音嘶哑及神经功能加重等并发症。术后1例出现脑脊液漏,2例出现吞咽不适,非手术治疗后均治愈。术后1周与末次随访时JOA评分、颈椎Cobb角、椎间隙高度较术前均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时根据JOA评分改善率评定综合疗效:优12例,良14例,可4例。结论ACCF联合颈前路减压zerop椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病安全可靠,能够有效地恢复椎间隙高度和颈椎生理曲度。     

颈后路减压钉棒内固定治疗伴后凸畸形的多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的:探讨后路椎管后壁切除减压、钉棒系统内固定治疗伴后凸畸形的多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法:2004年3月～2006年1月对15例伴后凸畸形的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者行后路椎管后壁(全椎板及平双侧椎弓根内壁以内的侧块)切除减压、小关节植骨融合、钉棒系统内固定术(椎弓根螺钉6例,侧块螺钉9例)。根据术前、术后10d、术后6个月颈椎标准侧位X线片测量后凸Cobb角,以JOA评分评估神经功能改善情况。结果:随访6～24个月,平均10个月,均获骨性融合。术后6个月时JOA评分与术前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),平均改善率为65.1%。术后10d后凸Cobb角与术前相比有显著性差异(P<0.05),术后6个月时后凸Cobb角与术后10d比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:后路椎管后壁切除减压、钉棒内固定术是治疗伴后凸畸形的多节段脊髓型颈椎病的可行、有效的方法。     

单开门椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床应用

目的评价单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床应用价值。方法 39例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者随机分为Centerpiece钛板组(18例)及传统组(21例),治疗前后行JOA评分,比较治疗后神经功能改善率、椎管扩大率、并发症发生率。结果前两组年龄、JOA评分均无显著性差异;两组手术时间分别为(109±25)min和(111±23)min,无显著性差异(P>0.05);Centerpiece钛板组椎管扩大率(61%±21%)明显高于传统组(40%±17%)(P<0.05)。术后3个月、12个月两组JOA评分均显著高于术前,但术后3个月两组间JOA评分无显著性差异(P>0.05),术后12个月Centerpiece钛板组JOA评分明显高于传统组(P<0.05)。术后3～6个月进行CT示门轴侧沟槽达到骨性融合。两组均未发生再关门现象;Centerpiece钛板组并发症发生率显著低于传统组(P<0.05)。结论单开门椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板固定术是一种安全有效、操作简单、疗效显著、并发症少的新术式。     

颈椎前路椎间盘切除、植骨融合内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病术后轴性症状的前瞻性研究

【摘要】 目的：前瞻性分析若干临床因素与颈前路椎间盘切除、植骨融合内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病术后颈部轴性症状发生的相关性。方法：2011年5月～2011年9月间接受由同一专业组术者完成的颈椎前路椎间盘切除、椎体间植骨融合、钛板内固定术患者107例,术前均无颈部疼痛、僵硬等轴性症状,均于术后3个月在门诊复查。采用日本骨科协会改良17分评分法（modified Japanese Orthopaedics Association,mJOA）改善率评价患者术后神经功能恢复情况,观察术后新出现的颈部轴性症状的发生率并使用视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale, VAS）评价轴性症状的程度。收集所有患者的年龄、性别、术前/术后手术节段曲度、手术节段椎间撑开高度、植骨融合情况、术后项背肌功能锻练及术后围领佩戴时间等八项临床相关因素,使用Logistic回归分析上述临床因素对术后出现颈部轴性症状的影响。使用独立样本t检验分析轴性症状与术后神经功能改善的关系。结果：本组107例患者中男性56例,女性51例,年龄29~80岁,平均52.2岁。手术节段：单节段49例（45.8%）,双节段47例（43.9%）,三节段11例（10.3%）。本组患者术后3个月复查时新出现的颈部轴性症状发生率为26.2%（28/107）,VAS平均为4分（2~8分）。所研究的八项临床相关因素中,术后项背肌功能锻练（P=0.0003,OR=185.6）、手术节段术前曲度（P=0.003,OR=8.1）和植骨融合情况（P=0.016,OR=37.1）与术后发生颈部轴性症状有相关性。术后出现新发轴性症状患者术后mJOA评分改善率为58.6%±32.8%,未发生轴性症状患者术后mJOA改善率为65.5%±30.6%,两组结果无统计学差异（P=0.317）。结论：颈椎前路术后新发颈部轴性症状并不少见。术后项背肌功能锻炼差、术前手术节段后凸和无植骨融合迹象与术后新发轴性症状有关。     

3种颈前路减压重建术式治疗多节段颈椎病

[目的]比较颈前路减压3种术式治疗多节段颈椎病的临床疗效及影像学变化。[方法]选择52例由同一组医师行颈前路减压术的连续三间隙病变的多节段颈椎病患者，依据手术方式不同分为：第1组：颈前路多椎体次全切除减压＋长钛网植骨融合组（16例）；第2组：多椎间隙减压cage植骨融合组（18例）；第3组：钛网与cage组合使用组（18例）。t检验比较3组之间椎间高度变化、方差分析法比较JOA评分改善率。[结果]3组患者术后随访JOA评分均有不同程度提高，但3组间无明显统计学差异；第1组术后早期椎间高度有丢失趋势（P〈0．05），并有3例明显钛网下沉，2例内植物松动，第2组无松动或下沉病例，第3组有1例钛网下沉。[结论]3种方法均可得到可靠的临床效果，但在术后稳定性及椎间高度维持方面第2、3组较第1组满意。     

颈椎前路术后融合节段曲度变化与轴性症状和神经功能的相关性研究

目的观察颈椎前路术后融合节段的曲度变化,探讨其变化与患者颈部轴性症状和神经功能改善率的关系。方法对67例颈椎病前路手术患者随访3～16年,平均10.5年,在手术前和随访时对患者进行神经功能评分(JOA17分法),拍摄颈椎中立侧位X线片,测量融合节段曲度,将其分为无后凸、轻度后凸(后凸角≤5°)和明显后凸(后凸角>5°)组。对术后颈部轴性症状进行观察、分类及统计学分析。结果在随访期间颈部轴性症状发生率为38.81%,神经功能改善率为66.42%,融合节段后凸平均加重7.26°,后凸的发生率为53.73%,融合节段无或轻度后凸者与明显后凸者比较,其颈部轴性症状的发生率有显著性差异(P<0.05),神经功能改善率无显著性差异(P>0.1)。结论颈椎前路手术后多数患者融合节段的后凸程度加大,约半数患者出现后凸。融合节段后凸明显者出现颈部轴性症状的比率增加,但融合节段曲度改变和神经功能改善率无明显相关性。     

颈椎椎板成形椎管扩大术结合椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定融合术治疗多节段压迫性颈脊髓病合并退变性颈椎后凸的中长期疗效

【摘要】 目的：观察颈后路椎板成形椎管扩大术结合椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定融合术治疗多节段压迫性颈脊髓病合并退变性颈椎后凸患者的中长期疗效。方法：回顾性分析2008年3月~2019年9月,采用颈后路单开门椎板成形椎管扩大术结合椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定融合术治疗的18例多节段脊髓受压的慢性颈脊髓病合并退变性颈椎后凸患者,其中男11例,女7例,年龄52.3±8.1岁;颈椎后纵韧带骨化症（ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL）合并慢性颈脊髓病5例,脊髓型颈椎病13例。减压节段：17例为C3~C7,1例为C3~T1,术中固定融合3.8±1.0个椎体。12例患者出院时（术后2周左右）复查颈椎MRI,11例患者获得随访,随访时间2.1~13.5年（10.5±2.8年）。在术前、出院时颈椎侧位X线片上测量后凸节段Cobb角,在颈椎MRI上测量脊髓前缘角及改良K线,末次随访时在X线片上评估手术固定节段骨性融合及后凸矫形角度丢失情况。术前及末次随访时进行JOA评分及颈痛VAS评分。结果：18例患者术前后凸节段的局部Cobb角为6.6°±6.5°后凸,术后2周为3.8°±8.0°前凸,有显著性差异（P<0.01）; 术前C2~C7颈椎Cobb角为1.3°±9.4°前凸,术后2周为5.8°±7.0°前凸,无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。12例患者颈椎MRI上测量脊髓前缘角术前为11.1°±4.2°后凸,术后2周为1.3°±5.2°后凸,有显著性差异（P<0.01）;C2~C7节段脊髓前缘角术前为6.5°±4.4°后凸,术后2周为1.1°±6.3°前凸,有显著性差异（P<0.01）。7例（39%）患者术后出现C5神经根麻痹,均在术后1~4个月内完全恢复。术后末次随访11例患者颈椎侧位X线片显示手术固定节段均获骨性融合,后凸矫形角度无丢失;颈椎MRI显示脊髓无受压,正中矢状位片显示脊髓前缘角无丢失。11例患者JOA评分术前8.0±2.8分,末次随访时15.6±0.9分,有显著性差异（P<0.01）,JOA评分改善率（83±14）%;颈痛VAS评分术前为2.2±3.0分,末次随访时为1.1±1.2分,术前与末次随访时相比无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：对于合并有退变性颈椎后凸的多节段受压的慢性压迫性颈脊髓病,采用椎板成形椎管扩大术结合椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定融合术可以获得长期稳定、良好的脊髓功能改善的效果。