关节镜下缝线加强治疗后交叉韧带损伤

目的 介绍关节镜下缝线加强固定治疗后交叉韧带(PCL)损伤的方法 ,研究其临床效果.方法 2005年10月至2006年6月,对13例单纯PCL损伤患者,在关节镜下采用缝线固定维持胫骨中立位,增加PCL的紧张度.采用IKDC和Lysholm膝关节功能评分表对患膝功能进行评估,通过KT-1000检查比较膝关节的后向松弛度. 结果 术后无伸膝受限,屈膝活动度120°～140°,平均128°.术后随访12～18个月(平均14.5个月),最后随访时IKDC评分:A 6例,B 7例;IKDC膝关节主观评分从术前的(67.4±3.3)分提高到随访结束时的(92.5±4.5)分,差异有统计学意义(t=9.837,P<0.01).屈膝90°位KT-1000检查,双侧胫骨结节后坠差异从术前的(8.1±1.7)mm减少到最后随访时的(2.0±1.3)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=12.230,P<0.01).陈旧性损伤患者术前Lysholm膝关节功能评分为(87.5±3.1)分,最后随访时为(95.8±3.5)分,差异有统计学意义(t=5.376,P<0.01).12例患者恢复了原来的运动水平,1例较损伤前稍有降低. 结论 在关节镜下采用缝线加强固定治疗急性PCL中远部损伤,能取得良好效果;治疗陈旧性PCL部分损伤,能够获得满意的结果.     

Arthroscopic management of avulsion fractures of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament: A novel technique and mid-term outcomes

PurposeThis study assessed the outcomes of arthroscopic management of avulsion fractures of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), with holding of the PCL with two ''cinch knots''.Methods15 patients with avulsion fractures of the tibial attachment of the PCL were treated with arthroscopic reduction and fixation with holding of the PCL with two ''cinch knots''. All patients were males with mean age of 28 (range, 15–44) years. Patients were assessed by the Lysholm Tegner knee scale and IKDC (International knee documentation committee) objective grade.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 40 (range, 12–60) months. Mean postoperative flexion was 134.7° (range, 120–150). Mean Lysholm score was 90.27 (range, 67–99). Lysholm score was excellent in seven (46.7%) patients, good in six (40%) patients, fair in two (13.3%) patients, and none of the patients was poor. 11 (73.3%) patients had IKDC grade A, and four (26.7%) patients had IKDC grade B due to residual grade 1+ posterior drawer. Current Tegner activity level remained the same in nine (60%) patients, decreased one level in three (20%) patients, and decreased two levels in three (20%) patients as compared to the preinjury level. There wasn't any vascular or nerve complications.ConclusionArthroscopic treatment of PCL tibial avulsion fractures with the cinch knot technique has many advantages, and it proved to be safe and effective. The technique is simple and easy to be reproduced. Early results are promising to encourage surgeons to make this novel technique.Level of evidenceTherapeutic study, prospective case series with no comparison group, Level IV.     

关节镜下治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折近期疗效观察

[目的]探讨关节镜下缝线空心钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的可行性及近期疗效.[方法]对10例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折行关节镜下PCL胫骨止点缝合及空心钉固定术.术中使用2根5号Ethi-bond聚乙烯缝线,在韧带下方骨块上方从前往后拢住韧带,经韧带两侧胫骨骨隧道拉到胫骨内下方.在骨隧道下方2 cm处打入带垫圈的直径4.5mm空心钉.[结果]手术时间60～90 min,平均75 min.10例均随访12～18个月,平均15个月.术后6周,所有骨折均获愈合,未出现骨折移位.无胭窝部神经、血管损伤并发症.术后半年Lysholm膝关节功能评分83～95分(89.6±4.03)分.[结论]关节镜下通过双后内侧入路缝线空心钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折,术中关节镜监控可靠,操作简便,效果可靠,值得推广.     

前入路关节镜下可吸收空心界面螺钉固定四股腘绳肌腱重建后交叉韧带

目的探讨关节镜下生物可降解界面螺钉固定、四股自体腘绳肌肌腱重建后交叉韧带(PCL)的方法及疗效。方法关节镜下以四股自体腘绳肌腱作为PCL替代物,应用(96L4D)SRPLA聚丙交酯生物可降解界面螺钉进行移植物固定,对31例PCL损伤病人行PCL重建术。结果31例术后随访6～36个月(平均12.7个月),膝关节活动度均在正常范围。术后胫骨结节塌陷征和轴移试验均为阴性,Lachmen试验27例≤1+,3例2+,1例3+。术后Lysholm评分(90.7±7.4)分,较术前(54.3±8.1)分显著提高(t=2.32,P=0.027)。术后Tegner活动评分(5.9±1.2)分,较术前(1.9±0.7)分显著提高(t=3.43,P=0.008)。结论四股腘绳肌腱是PCL重建的一种理想替代材料,生物可降解界面螺钉是理想的内固定材料。     

Arthroscopic reduction and fixation of bony avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament of the tibia

Bony avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament of the tibia have commonly been treated by open reduction and internal fixation using the posterior approach. However, this approach, using the prone position, makes it difficult to investigate and treat other combined injuries of the knee joint. We report a case of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion of the tibia that was arthroscopically reduced and firmly fixed with two cannulated screws. The posterior sag was absent after the operation and the result was excellent. By arthroscopy, we got rigid fixation of the avulsed fragment for early rehabilitation, and detection of a concomitant injury was also possible.     

膝后内侧入路修复重建后交叉韧带(附24例报道)

目的介绍并探索膝后内侧入路修复重建后交叉韧带(PCL)的特点和技术要点。方法用膝后内侧“S”形入路修复PCL13例,取半腱肌腱重建PCL11例;俯卧位手术16例,仰卧位手术8例。对后内侧入路的应用解剖、手术要点及效果进行评价。结果后内侧入路不需要显露血管神经,比膝后入路平均手术时间缩短30～60分钟,不受体位限制,不需附加切口,一个切口既可修复又可重建PCL。21例患者经半年以上随访膝关节不稳无复发。结论膝后内侧入路简单、安全、显露好,是修复重建PCL的理想入路,抽出钢丝法和取半腱肌腱拉出“U”形钉固定是修复和重建PCL的首选方法。     

空心钉、锚钉内固定治疗膝后交叉韧带胫骨附着部撕脱骨折

目的探讨空心钉、锚钉内固定治疗膝后交叉韧带（PCL）胫骨附着部撕脱骨折的手术疗效。方法对14例单纯PCL胫骨附着部撕脱骨折行切开复位空心钉、锚钉内固定,对合并半月板损伤者术中予以修补,术后早期进行功能锻炼。结果随访6个月～3年,根据Lysholm膝关节评定标准：优10例,良3例,可1例。结论空心钉、锚钉内固定治疗膝PCL胫骨附着部撕脱骨折,操作简便,固定牢靠,疗效满意。     

锚钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折

目的探讨锚钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带（PCL）胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的临床疗效。方法对32例膝关节PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者,采用膝关节后内侧倒“L”,形入路切开复位,以锚钉内固定治疗,术后给予石膏托固定膝关节屈曲30。约4周,拆除石膏外固定后适当行膝关节伸屈功能锻炼。结果30例获得随访,时间7～30个月,平均（13±5．2）个月。术后2～4个月均获骨性愈合,平均为（3±0．6）个月。手术6个月后依据Lysholm等膝关节评分系统评估膝关节功能,评定优26例,良3例,可1例,优良率96．7％。结论膝后内侧“L”形入路应用锚钉内固定治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折是安全有效、内固定可靠的,可在早期有效地重建膝关节的稳定性,恢复膝关节功能。     

膝后内侧入路金属空心螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨膝后内侧入路金属空心螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效。方法:自2007年2月至2012年3月共收治36例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者,男28例,女8例;年龄16~57岁,平均35岁。均为新鲜闭合性骨折,屈膝90°位后抽屉试验阳性,后沉征阳性。患者均摄膝关节X线片,发现胫骨平台后侧有撕脱骨块,均取膝后内侧入路,用金属空心螺钉固定,术后指导功能锻炼。采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分评价疗效。结果:所有病例成功完成手术,并获随访,时间6~36个月,平均12个月。术后3个月骨折部位均愈合。根据Lysholm膝关节评价标准,优30例,良4例,可2例,平均(92.2±3.8)分。结论:膝后内侧入路金属空心螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折能较大限度恢复关节功能,是一种安全、简单、有效的手术方法。     

经膝后正中小切口可吸收螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的:探讨经膝后正中小切口可吸收拉力螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法:对2007年1月至2011年12月应用可吸收螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的50例患者资料进行回顾性分析。其中男38例,女12例;年龄18~62岁,平均36.8岁;病程1~52周。术中采用膝关节后正中小切口,注意保护血管神经。术后通过物理检查、Lysholm及IKDC评分来评价手术疗效。结果:术中无断钉,术后无感染、窦道形成、骨折块移位等并发症发生,仅1例切口愈合延迟。随访6~42个月,平均30个月,终末随访时患者均获骨性愈合。2例因未及时复诊出现膝关节活动受限。50例术膝后抽屉试验及Lachman征为阴性或Ⅰ度阳性。术后Lysholm评分高于术前,术后优42例,良5例,中3例。术后IKDC评分高于术前,术后IKDC评分A级41例,B级9例。结论:可吸收螺钉是治疗膝关节后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折安全有效的方法,可使患者免除二次手术,而采取后正中后小切口创伤小,能够缩短手术时间和减少血管神经损伤。用可吸收拉力螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折需要严格掌握手术适应证。