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1.
Amanda R. Burmeister M. Brittany Johnson Vinita S. Chauhan Megan J. Moerdyk-Schauwecker Ada D. Young Ian D. Cooley Alejandra N. Martinez Geeta Ramesh Mario T. Philipp Ian Marriott 《Journal of neuroinflammation》2017,14(1):245
Background
The tachykinin substance P (SP) is recognized to exacerbate inflammation at peripheral sites via its target receptor, neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R), expressed by leukocytes. More recently, SP/NK-1R interactions have been associated with severe neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. We have previously demonstrated that NK-1R antagonists can limit neuroinflammatory damage in a mouse model of bacterial meningitis. Furthermore, we have since shown that these agents can attenuate bacteria-induced neuronal and glial inflammatory mediator production in nonhuman primate (NHP) brain explants and isolated neuronal cells, and following in vivo infection.Methods
In the present study, we have assessed the ability of NHP brain explants, primary human microglia and astrocytes, and immortalized human glial cell lines to express NK-1R isoforms. We have utilized RT-PCR, immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescent microscopy, and/or flow cytometric analysis, to quantify NK-1R expression in each, at rest, or following bacterial challenge. Furthermore, we have assessed the ability of human microglia to respond to SP by immunoblot analysis of NF-kB nuclear translocation and determined the ability of this neuropeptide to augment inflammatory cytokine release and neurotoxic mediator production by human astrocytes using an ELISA and a neuronal cell toxicity assay, respectively.Results
We demonstrate that human microglial and astrocytic cells as well as NHP brain tissue constitutively express robust levels of the full-length NK-1R isoform. In addition, we demonstrate that the expression of NK-1R by human astrocytes can be further elevated following exposure to disparate bacterial pathogens or their components. Importantly, we have demonstrated that NK-1R is functional in both human microglia and astrocytes and show that SP can augment the inflammatory and/or neurotoxic immune responses of glial cells to disparate and clinically relevant bacterial pathogens.Conclusions
The robust constitutive and functional expression of the full-length NK-1R isoform by human microglia and astrocytes, and the ability of SP to augment inflammatory signaling pathways and mediator production by these cells, support the contention that SP/NK-1R interactions play a significant role in the damaging neuroinflammation associated with conditions such as bacterial meningitis.2.
Nicolas Degand Justine Dautremer Benoît Pilmis Agnès Ferroni Fanny Lanternier Julie Bruneau Olivier Hermine Stéphane Blanche Xavier Nassif Olivier Lortholary Marc Lecuit 《Journal of clinical immunology》2017,37(7):727-731
?
Helicobacter bilis is a commensal bacterium causing chronic hepatitis and colitis in mice. In humans, enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. are associated with chronic hepatobiliary diseases.Purpose
We aimed at understanding the microbial etiology in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia presenting with suppurative cholangitis.Methods
16S rDNA PCR directly performed on a liver biopsy retrieved DNA of H. bilis.Results
Clinical outcome resulted in the normalization of clinical and biological parameters under antibiotic treatment by a combination of ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and doxycyclin followed by a 2-week treatment with moxifloxacin and a 2-month treatment with azithromycin.Conclusion
In conclusion, these data suggest a specific clinical and microbiological approach in patients with humoral deficiency in order to detect H. bilis hepatobiliary diseases.3.
4.
Objective
RBL-2H3 cells express Toll-like receptors, including TLR4. This study aims to assess various aspects of the TLR4 pathway.Methods
RBL-2H3 cells were indirectly stained for cell surface TLR4, 25 CD14 and intracellular MyD88 proteins and analysed through flow cytometry for single-colour staining.Results
While TLR4-receptors are expressed in RBL-2H3 cells, associated elements involved in the signaling pathway, CD14 and MyD88, are not.Conclusion
Care should be taken if RBL-2H3 cells are used to study aspects of the innate immune system in mast cells.5.
Stein MR Nelson RP Church JA Wasserman RL Borte M Vermylen C Bichler J;IgPro in PID study group 《Journal of clinical immunology》2009,29(1):137-144
Purpose
The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel, 10% liquid formulation of intravenous immunoglobulin, stabilized with 250 mmol/L l-proline (Privigen®), in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease.Materials and Methods
Eighty adults and children diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency or X-linked agammaglobulinemia received intravenous Privigen® infusions (200–888 mg/kg) at 3- or 4-week intervals over a 12-month period, according to their previously established maintenance dose. The primary endpoint was the annual rate of acute serious bacterial infections.Results
There were six episodes of acute serious bacterial infections, corresponding to an annual rate of 0.08; the annual rate for all infections was 3.55. Mean serum IgG trough levels were between 8.84 and 10.27 g/L. A total of 1,038 infusions were administered, most of them at the maximum rate permitted (8.0 mg kg?1 min?1). Temporally associated adverse events, possibly or probably related to study drug, occurred in 9% of infusions, either during or within 72 h after infusion end.Conclusion
Privigen® is well tolerated and effective for the treatment of primary immunodeficiency.6.
Kneginja Richter Lukas Peter Stefanie Kellner Thomas Hillemacher 《Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin》2018,22(3):194-198
Background
Millions of people share a bed with their partner. Sleep und relationship could possibly influence each other.Objectives
To identify and discuss connections between relationship and sleep quality.Methods
Review of the literature in electronic databases.Results
Conflict and violence in relationships lead to decreases in both partners’ sleep quality. Constructive approaches to resolving conflicts is necessary for good sleep, and vice versa. Women prefer partners with sleep-wake rhythms matching their own and report higher relationship satisfactions when the couple’s chronotypes are compatible.Conclusions
Sleep and circadian rhythms play important roles in relationships. When treating insomnia, the relationship and the partner’s sleep should be taken into account.7.
Background
Turkey, with a Muslim population of officially over 99 %, is one of the few secular states in the Muslim world. Although state institutions are not based on Islamic juridical and ethical norms, the latter play a significant role in defining people’s attitudes towards controversial issues in the modern world, especially when backed by opinions of Muslim scholars living in Turkey. Accordingly, opinions of Muslim scholars undoubtedly have an important effect on bioethical decisions made by institutions and individuals.Objective(s)
To explore the ethical positions of Muslim scholars living in Turkey and their arguments used in the ethical assessment of embryonic stem cell research; to discuss the biological-moral tensions arising in medical research on human embryos.Design
Qualitative study.Setting
Muslim scholars located in different parts of Turkey.Methods
Qualitative method, involving the collection of opinions of various scholars, by means of 15 individual semi-structured interviews, evaluated using thematic qualitative analysis.Results
Positions regarding embryonic stem cell research differ among Muslim scholars in Turkey. On the other hand, even where positions are similar, they are often supported by different arguments.Conclusion
Despite the heterogeneity of the arguments presented, the dominant position considers embryonic stem cell research as morally acceptable.8.
Background
The aging kidney is marked by a chronic inflammation, which may exacerbate the progression of renal dysfunction, as well as increase the susceptibility to acute injury. The identification of strategies to alleviate inflammation may have translational impact to attenuate kidney disease.Methods
We tested the potential of ashwaganda, sutherlandia and elderberry on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced chemokine (CCL2 and CCL5) expression in vitro.Results
Elderberry water-soluble extract (WSE) was pro-inflammatory, while sutherlandia WSE only partially attenuated the TNF-α-induced changes in CCL5. However, ashwaganda WSE completely prevented TNF-α-induced increases in CCL5, while attenuating the increase in CCL2 expression and NF-κB activation. The same pattern of ashwagandha protection was seen using LPS as the pro-inflammatory stimuli.Conclusions
Taken together, these results demonstrate the ashwaganda WSE as a valid candidate for evaluation of therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic renal dysfunction.9.
Isabelle Durocher Claudie Noël Valérie Lavastre Denis Girard 《Inflammation research》2017,66(11):981-992
Objective and design
The aim of this study was to determine potential effects of gold (+) and gold (?) nanoparticles, AuNP(+) and AuNP(?), on neutrophil biology.Material or subjects
Freshly isolated human neutrophils were used for the in vitro aspects and CD-1 mice were used in the in vivo murine air pouch model of acute neutrophilic inflammation.Treatment
Human neutrophils were treated with the indicated concentrations of AuNP(+) or AuNP(?) in vitro and mice received 100 or 500 µg/ml AuNP(+) or AuNP(?) into air pouches.Methods
Cellular uptake of AuNP by neutrophils was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and the ability of the NP to modulate apoptosis, gelatinase activity, and chemokine production and chemotaxis was determined by cytology, zymography, ELISArray, antibody array, and ELISA and by a micro-chemotaxis chamber, respectively. In vivo, exudates were harvested after 6 h to determine the leukocyte infiltration to detect the production of several cytokines by an antibody array approach and ELISA. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.Results
AuNP possess proinflammatory activities in vitro and induce mainly a neutrophil influx in vivo, albeit at different degrees.Conclusions
AuNP(+) and AuNP(?) should be added as new candidates into a growing list of NP having proinflammatory activities by themselves.10.
C. Ramírez-Maestre R. Esteve G. Ruiz-Párraga L. Gómez-Pérez A. E. López-Martínez 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2017,24(2):239-248
Purpose
This study investigated the role of anxiety sensitivity, resilience, pain catastrophizing, depression, pain fear-avoidance beliefs, and pain intensity in patients with acute back pain-related disability.Method
Two hundred and thirty-two patients with acute back pain completed questionnaires on anxiety sensitivity, resilience, pain catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, depression, pain intensity, and disability.Results
A structural equation modelling analysis revealed that anxiety sensitivity was associated with pain catastrophizing, and resilience was associated with lower levels of depression. Pain catastrophizing was positively associated with fear-avoidance beliefs and pain intensity. Depression was associated with fear-avoidance beliefs, but was not associated with pain intensity. Finally, catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, and pain intensity were positively and significantly associated with acute back pain-related disability.Conclusion
Although fear-avoidance beliefs and pain intensity were associated with disability, the results showed that pain catastrophizing was a central variable in the pain experience and had significant direct associations with disability when pain was acute. Anxiety sensitivity appeared to be an important antecedent of catastrophizing, whereas the influence of resilience on the acute back pain experience was limited to its relationship with depression.11.
Background
In this work, we develop a theoretical model that explains the survival data in West Nile Virus infection.Results
We build a model based on three cell populations in an infected host; the collateral damage cells, the infected dividing cell, and the infected non-dividing cells. T cell-mediated lysis of each of these populations is dependent on the level of MHC-1 upregulation, which is different in the two infected cell populations, interferon-gamma and free virus levels.Conclusions
The model allows us to plot a measure of host health versus time for a range of initial viral doses and from that infer the dependence of minimal health versus viral dose. This inferred functional relationship between the minimal host health and viral dose is very similar to the data that has been collected for WNV survival curves under experimental conditions.12.
Nadine Alvarez Oscar Otero Frank Camacho Reinier Borrero Yanely Tirado Alina Puig Alicia Aguilar Cesar Rivas Axel Cervantes Gustavo Falero-Díaz Armando Cádiz María E Sarmiento Mohd Nor Norazmi Rogelio Hernández-Pando Armando Acosta 《BMC immunology》2013,14(Z1):S3
Background
Immunoglobulin A is the most abundant isotype in secretions from mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts and in external secretions such as colostrum, breast milk, tears and saliva. The high concentration of human secretory IgA (hsIgA) in human colostrum strongly suggests that it should play an important role in the passive immune protection against gastrointestinal and respiratory infections.Materials and methods
Human secretory IgA was purified from colostrum. The reactivity of hsIgA against mycobacterial antigens and its protective capacity against mycobacterial infection was evaluated.Results
The passive administration of hsIgA reduces the pneumonic area before challenge with M. tuberculosis. The intratracheal administration of M. tuberculosis preincubated with hsIgA to mice greatly reduced the bacterial load in the lungs and diminished lung tissue injury.Conclusions
HsIgA purified from colostrum protects against M. tuberculosis infection in an experimental mouse model.13.
Chen-Yen Kuo Shang-Yu Wang Han-Po Shih Kun-Hua Tu Wen-Chi Huang Jing-Ya Ding Chia-Hao Lin Chun-Fu Yeh Mao-Wang Ho Shi-Chuan Chang Chi-Ying He Hung-Kai Chen Chen-Hsuan Ho Chen-Hsiang Lee Chih-Yu Chi Cheng-Lung Ku 《Journal of clinical immunology》2017,37(2):143-152
Introduction
Autoantibodies to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can cause acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). Cases of acquired PAP susceptible to typical respiratory pathogens and opportunistic infections have been reported. Anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies have been reported in a few patients with cryptococcal meningitis. This study evaluated the presence of neutralizing anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies in patients without known congenital or acquired immunodeficiency with severe pulmonary or extrapulmonary cryptococcal infection but without PAP.Methods
We took a clinical history and performed an immunologic evaluation and screening of anti-cytokine autoantibodies in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. The impact of autoantibodies to GM-CSF on immune function was assessed by intracellular staining of GM-CSF-induced STAT5 phosphorylation and MIP-1α production in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated with plasma from patients or normal control subjects.Results
Neutralizing anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies were identified in four patients with disseminated cryptococcosis, none of whom exhibited PAP. Plasma from patients blocked GM-CSF signaling and inhibited STAT5 phosphorylation and production of MIP-1α. One patient died of disseminated cryptococcosis involving the central nervous system, which was associated with defective GM-CSF activity.Conclusions
Anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies increase susceptibility to cryptococcal infection in adults without PAP. Cryptococcal central nervous system infection associated with anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies could result in neurological sequelae or be life-threatening. Therefore, timely detection of neutralizing anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies and development of an effective therapy are necessary to prevent deterioration of cryptococcal infection in these patients.14.
Maísa Mota Antunes Alan Moreira Araújo Ariane Barros Diniz Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira Débora Moreira Alvarenga Bruna Araújo David Renata Monti Rocha Maria Alice Freitas Lopes Sarah Cozzer Marchesi Brenda Naemi Nakagaki Érika Carvalho Pedro Elias Marques Bernhard Ryffel Valérie Quesniaux Rodrigo Guabiraba Brito José Carlos Alves Filho Denise Carmona Cara Rafael Machado Rezende Gustavo Batista Menezes 《Inflammation research》2018,67(1):77-88
Objective and design
The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of IL-33/ST2 axis in the onset and progression of acute liver injury using a mice model of drug-induced liver injury (DILI).Material and treatments
DILI was induced by overdose administration of acetaminophen (APAP) by oral gavage in wild-type BALB/c, ST2-deficient mice and in different bone marrow chimeras. Neutrophils were depleted by anti-Ly6G and macrophages with clodronate liposomes (CLL).Methods
Blood and liver were collected for biochemical, immunologic and genetic analyses. Mice were imaged by confocal intravital microscopy and liver non-parenchymal cells and hepatocytes were isolated for flow cytometry, genetic and immunofluorescence studies.Results
Acetaminophen overdose caused a massive necrosis and accumulation of immune cells within the liver, concomitantly with IL-33 and chemokine release. Liver non-parenchymal cells were the major sensors for IL-33, and amongst them, neutrophils were the major players in amplification of the inflammatory response triggered by IL-33/ST2 signalling pathway.Conclusion
Blockage of IL-33/ST2 axis reduces APAP-mediated organ injury by dampening liver chemokine release and activation of resident and infiltrating liver non-parenchymal cells.15.
Eileen P. Scully 《Current HIV/AIDS reports》2018,15(2):136-146
Purpose of Review
This review will outline the multilevel effects of biological sex on HIV acquisition, pathogenesis, treatment response, and prospects for cure. Potential mechanisms will be discussed along with future research directions.Recent Findings
HIV acquisition risk is modified by sex hormones and the vaginal microbiome, with the latter acting through both inflammation and local metabolism of pre-exposure prophylaxis drugs. Female sex associates with enhanced risk for non-AIDS morbidities including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, suggesting different inflammatory profiles in men and women. Data from research on HIV cure points to sex differences in viral reservoir dynamics and a direct role for sex hormones in latency maintenance.Summary
Biological sex remains an important variable in determining the risk of HIV infection and subsequent viral pathogenesis, and emerging data suggest sex differences relevant to curative interventions. Recruitment of women in HIV clinical research is a pathway to both optimize care for women and to identify novel therapeutics for use in both men and women.16.
Robertas?Samalavicius Mindaugas?Serpytis Donata?Ringaitiene Daiva?Grazulyte Ruta?Bertasiute Bernardas?Rimkus Raimonda?Matulionyte Ruta?Ambrazaitiene Jurate?Sipylaite Tomas?Kacergius Laimonas?Griskevicius
Introduction
We report a case of an adult patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria that was successfully managed with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).Case report
A 25 year old male with no significant past medical history had been admitted to a local hospital due to dyspnea and fever. His pulmonary function subsequently failed necessitating mechanical ventilation (MV) and introduction of ECMO support. The patient was transported for 300 km by road on ECMO to a tertiary medical center. The diagnosis of ARDS, HIV infection and MDR bacterial and fungal VAP was made. Patient was successfully treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), anti-infective agents and 58 days of veno-venous ECMO support, with complete resolution of the respiratory symptoms.Conclusion
HIV infected patients with ARDS and MDR bacterial VAP whose HIV replication is controlled by ART could be successfully managed with ECMO.17.
H. G. Schwelberger 《Inflammation research》2010,59(2):219-221
Objective
To evaluate the evidence regarding the disease concept of histamine intolerance as a state of inadequate histamine inactivation.Methods
Keyword-based systematic screening of the scientific literature and of public websites focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.Results
Histamine intolerance is commonly diagnosed based solely on subjective reporting of symptoms instead of following systematic diagnostic procedures based on objective laboratory and physical parameters. The only effective long-term therapy is avoidance of histamine-containing food.Conclusions
The concept of histamine intolerance as a metabolic disease is in need of more experimental and clinical evidence and affected patients will benefit from a clear, evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic regime.18.
Maria Lavinia Bartolucci Ida Marini Francesco Bortolotti Daniela Impellizzeri Rosanna Di Paola Giuseppe Bruschetta Rosalia Crupi Marco Portelli Angela Militi Giacomo Oteri Emanuela Esposito Salvatore Cuzzocrea 《Inflammation research》2018,67(10):891-901
Objective and design
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common painful condition in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Joint inflammation is believed to be a chief cause of pain in patients with TMD, through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that induce peripheral sensitization of nerve terminals followed by microglial stimulation.Materials and subject
TMJ was induced in rats with the injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) emulsion into the left TMJ capsule.Treatment
The present study would assess the effects of micronized palmitoylethanolamide (m-PEA) on glial activation and trigeminal hypersensitivity.Methods
Ten mg/kg m-PEA or corresponding vehicle was administered 1 h after CFA and mechanical allodynia and edema were evaluated at 24 and 72 h after CFA injection.Results
CFA-injected animals showed TMJ edema and ipsilateral mechanical allodynia accompanied by a robust growth in GFAP protein-positive satellite glial cells and activation of resident macrophages in the TG. Moreover, m-PEA administration significantly reduced the degree of TMJ damage and pain, macrophage activation in TG and up-regulation of Iba1.Conclusions
The results confirm that m-PEA could represent a novel approach for monitoring pain during trigeminal nerve sensitization.19.