非医学专业女大学生性病认知情况的调查

大连大学医学院和大连妇产医院于 1 999年 9月至 2 0 0 1年 9月在大连大学以汉语言文学、英语教育、音乐教育、计算机、物理教育等专业的本科女大学生作为调查对象 ,研究其对性病知识的认知情况 ,以便制订相应的培训计划 ,增强其对性病的预防意识。对象和方法1 对象　选择非医学专业本科女大学生563名为调查对象 ,均为女性。年龄 1 6～ 2 3岁 ,平均 1 9 5岁。2 方法　用流行病学和社会心理行为学的研究方法编制调查表 ,由调查对象在不记名、无干扰情况下填写 ,调查表回收率1 0 0 % ,调查内容包括个人背景特征、性病一般知识等 ,最后进行统…     

门诊男性性病患者艾滋病知识知晓情况分析

目的了解门诊男性性病患者艾滋病知识知晓情况,通过比较不同特征患者知晓情况差异,探讨可行的综合干预措施。方法以首次在该综合医院皮肤性病门诊求诊、年满15周岁的男性性病患者为调查对象,问卷调查患者的社会人口学资料、艾滋病知识知晓情况。结果 215例男性性病患者艾滋病知识知晓平均得分为9.19±2.697(全距0~12分),尤其是对艾滋病传播方式的知晓不足。不同年龄段、不同文化程度、不同个人月均收入水平、病情初发或复发以及不同初次性行为发生年龄间的男性性病患者艾滋病知识知晓得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应根据不同特征的男性性病人群建立有效的、可及的健康教育措施,促进性病患者正确观念、性行为和求医行为的形成。     

成都市小学生营养知识水平调查分析

目的 调查成都市小学生膳食营养与健康知识知晓情况,为开展营养健康教育提供科学依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取成都市2所小学的958名学生进行问卷调查.结果 成都市小学生营养知识知晓率为84.53％,良好行为形成率为77.83％,学生获得营养知识的主要途径是家长、学校和广播电视.结论 无论是营养健康知识或行为,成都市小学生都存在一定的问题,但他们有改善自己膳食结构的愿望,应当进一步加强对小学生的营养知识健康教育.     

大学生性病感染影响因素研究

目的调查大学生性病患病及其影响因素。方法分析对象来自于浙江省某市高校大学生性行为问卷调查。对2540名已经发生性行为,并回答了是否曾经被诊断为性病的学生,被纳入分析。结果在2540名已经有性行为的学生中,39(1.5%)名学生报告曾经被诊断患过性病。在多因素逻辑回归分析中,排除可能的混杂回素,有一个以上的性伴侣,有过肛门性交的历史,自己或性伴侣怀孕和流产的经历,认为感染性病的可能性"可能/较高/很高",依然显示与被诊断为性病有显著性关联。结论必须尽快在大学生中间开展性病预防工作。防止性病传播不仅需要传播相关知识,还需倡导推迟性行为的发生,减少性伴侣数,每次性行为均要正确使用安全套,以及预防非计划怀孕和人工流产等综合性的措施,同时提供有效的性病诊疗服务。     

Adolescents and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a serious health problem for adolescents, occurring in an estimated one-quarter of sexually active teen-agers. Many of the health problems--including STDs--result from specific risk-taking behaviors. Determinants of STD risks among adolescents include behavioral, psychological, social, biological, institutional factors. Education is an important component in STD control in adolescents. The goal of education is to increase adolescent self-efficiency in practicing STD prevention and risk-reduction. A comprehensive approach including quality, theory-based education, accessible and effective health clinics, and improved social and economic conditions has the most promise of controlling STDs in adolescents.     

中学生肥胖状况2种标准评价比较

目的应用2000年"身高标准体重"和2003年国际生命科学学会中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)制定的"中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查BMI值分类标准"比较长沙市各城区所辖中学的学生肥胖状况。方法通过对4021名11～19岁中学生问卷调查,并进行身高体重实测,分别用2000年"身高标准体重"法和WGOC标准筛选超重、肥胖,比较2种标准筛选出的肥胖学生特征。结果(1)用身高标准体重、WGOC标准筛选出的超重率分别为3.8%和12.0%,肥胖率分别为14.1%和6.6%;(2)不同年龄、不同性别学生中,用2种标准筛选出的肥胖率和超重率存在明显不一致性。结论两种评价标准的侧重点各有不同,2000年身高标准体重侧重于反映青少年的肥胖水平,而WGOC标准则更侧重于反映青少年的超重水平。WGOC标准有利于及时监测中学生的超重现象,可为卫生职能部门预防青少年肥胖工作及早敲响警钟。     

孕妇性传播疾病感染分析

目的 了解绍兴地区孕妇产前性传播疾病中几种病原体感染情况.方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术进行淋菌、沙眼农原体、解脲脲支原体3种常见病原体检测.结果 984例孕妇中,检出阳性343例,阳性率34.9%;不同户籍、不同文化程度孕妇性传播疾病检出差异有统计学意义.结论 应重视孕前性传播疾病的监测和控制工作.     

3452例性服务工作者性传播感染调查分析

目的了解柳州市某收容教育所性服务工作者性传播感染(STI)情况。方法收集整理1998~2004年柳州市某监测点性服务工作者体检资料及实验室检测资料,并作流行病学分析。结果在3 452例性服务工作者中,共检出性病654例,检出率为18.94%。其中梅毒检出例数最多,尖锐湿疣、NGU、淋病等次之。结论性服务工作者性病检出率高,是性病传播的主要传染源,也是性病防治的重点人群,梅毒是当前该地区应重点监控的病种。     

贵阳市某农村学校学生性健康知识知晓状况

目的了解贵阳市农村学校学生性健康知识掌握现况,为有针对性地开展健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用典型抽样方法,抽取贵阳市百花湖乡中学学生进行问卷调查。结果学生健康知识正确回答率较低,其中部分项目女生回答的正确率低于男生,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。学生知识的获得来源是否为学校、健康教育、书籍或杂志的得分差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.01）。认为开展性健康教育非常必要的学生占33.6%,认为没有必要的占10.2%。结论贵阳市农村学校学生性健康知识缺乏,尤其是女生。加强性健康教育是青少年获得性健康知识、树立正确性观念的重要途径。     

中学生艾滋病知识及健康需求调查

目的了解深圳市南山区中学生艾滋病相关知识掌握情况,为在学校开展预防艾滋病的健康教育提供参考依据。方法使用自制问卷对深圳市南山区15所中学4794名学生进行横断面调查,问卷内容包括一般情况、艾滋病相关知识及知识获得途径、健康需求等。结果艾滋病基本知识、传播途径知识、预防知识正确回答率分别为58.9%、74.5%、64.9%;除预防知识外,男女生其他两类知识正确回答率差异无统计学意义,而初高中学生间的差异均有统计学意义;中学生艾滋病相关知识主要来源于电视广播(70.5%)、宣传栏(54.3%)、报刊杂志(50.7%)等。结论中学生已经掌握一定的艾滋病相关知识,但还不完善、不系统,应根据初高中学生的不同年龄特点开展不同内容和形式的健康教育,进一步提高中学生的知识水平。     

HPV Infection Awareness and Self-Reported HPV Vaccination Coverage in Female Adolescent Students in Two German Cities

Low levels of human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and knowledge have been observed in the few studies conducted among school-going adolescents. Such data are lacking in Germany. To assess awareness of HPV and of vaccination status among girls attending grades 8–13 in Bremen and Bremerhaven, two German cities. Participants completed a questionnaire in school including questions on demographic characteristics, about HPV awareness and on vaccination status. We analysed the relationship between awareness of HPV, of vaccination status and vaccine uptake and several variables including age and migrant background using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Six hundred and thirty-two girls aged 12–20?years completed the questionnaire. 50?% had no awareness of HPV, 12?% reported being vaccinated against HPV and 57?% did not know whether or not they were vaccinated against HPV. In multivariate analyses, ever had sex was associated with awareness of HPV, and ever been to a gynaecologist with awareness of vaccination status. Our results may be an indication that female adolescents in Germany are not adequately informed and counselled about HPV and associated issues.     

我国15省市大学生艾滋病综合防治知识知晓情况调查

目的了解我国15个省市大学生对艾滋病综合防治知识的知晓情况,为高校艾滋病预防健康教育提供有针对性的建议。方法对全国15个省、直辖市、自治区的60所普通高等学校部分学生进行问卷调查,共调查文科、理工科、医科、艺术与体育及其他专业的在读本科生7 851名,回收有效问卷7 661份。结果本次调查中,大学生对国家明确规定的8条大众需要掌握的艾滋病基本知识(简称"国八条")知晓率为77.2%,问卷整体知晓率相对较低,仅为57.1%。国八条和问卷整体满分率分别为32.2%和7.4%。不同专业大学生国八条和问卷整体的知晓率及满分率均存在差异,且差异有统计学意义(P0.01),其中医科专业学生国八条和问卷整体知晓率最高,其次为理工科专业学生,艺术与体育专业学生知晓率均较低。问卷大部分具体条目正确率最低的学生专业为艺术与体育及其他专业,最高的为医科专业。结论目前大学生的艾滋病相关知识知晓程度还有很大的提升空间。问卷部分条目的正确率仍较低,提示对大学生艾滋病综合防治知识健康教育的力度还有待加强,教育内容应力求全面、系统且重点突出,尤其是关于疫情的内容应及时更新。同时,针对艺术与体育专业大学生艾滋病综合防治知识知晓率较低的现状,应多关注此类专业大学生的艾滋病预防健康教育。在艾滋病预防健康教育的具体实施过程中,可采取同伴教育模式来进行。     

对性传播疾病特殊性的理性思考

感染性微生物通过性接触在人与人之间传播性病。性病流行与政策、经济、文化价值观相关。社会对性病患者歧视，性病患者有羞耻、负罪、悲观、放纵心理和行为以及疑病症、神经症的表现。我国性病医疗市场存在混乱及过度医疗问题。防治性病要社会综合力量，整顿医疗市场和提高医务人员业务和道德水平。     

Knowledge and Awareness of Tuberculosis Among Pre-University Students in Trinidad

The purpose of the study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes among pre-university students in Trinidad and Tobago on the pre-disposing factors and prevention of tuberculosis and the management of persons with the disease. More than 90% (542 of 600) of participating students from nine secondary schools duly completed the self-administered questionnaires. Two-thirds of the students were girls (336) and the rest were boys (206). The ages of the participants ranged from 16–19 years and more than 82% of them belonged to the 17–18 year old age group. The least represented was the 19 year olds. The study showed that although 92.8% had heard of tuberculosis, overall knowledge about the disease was generally poor. The majority of students (77.5%) believed the disease could be prevented, but 10.3% knew of the BCG vaccine and only 11.1% knew about the Mantoux skin test. The study also demonstrated the need for renewed efforts in health education for the public, clarifying areas of misunderstandings about important and common diseases like tuberculosis, in developing countries.     

Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Risk Behaviors Among California Farmworkers: Results From a Population-Based Survey

ABSTRACT:  Context: The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and associated risk behaviors among California farmworkers is not well described. Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and associated risk behaviors among California farmworkers. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of population-based survey data from 6 California agricultural regions was performed for participants tested for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (GC), and syphilis, and who completed an interviewer-administered behavioral risk factor survey. Findings: Among the 403 males and 234 females examined and interviewed, males (29.3%) were more likely than females (9.6%) to have had 2 or more sex partners in the past 5 years. Forty-two percent of males ever had sex with a commercial sex worker; unmarried males were more likely than married males to report sex with a commercial sex worker in the past 2 years. Twelve percent of males and 5% of females reported ever having had an STD. Most participants did not report any methods to protect against STDs. Of 192 males and 178 females tested for CT, 3 males and no females were positive. No cases of GC were found. Of 387 males and 194 females tested for syphilis, 4 males and 1 female had positive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) results. Conclusions: In this population-based survey among agricultural workers, there was low STD prevalence but high prevalence of sexual risk behaviors, particularly among males.     

The Effect on the Knowledge Levels of Nursing School Students of the Educational Activities Undertaken for Sexually Transmitted Infections

This study was made with the objective of determining the effect on the knowledge levels of nursing school students of the educational activities undertaken for sexually transmitted infections (STI). The study was carried out in a single group semi-experimentally in a pre-test–post-test sequence. A total of 120 students, who attended the nursing school, participated in the educational activities and who filled out completely all of the forms, were included in the study. Peer education, plays and panel discussions were held as the educational activities in the study. The educational activities were carried out together with two student groups at the nursing school. The data collection tool used in the study was developed by researchers. It was observed in this research that of the students who participated in the educational activities on the subject of STIs, their knowledge on what are STIs (p = 0.000) and how to protect against these diseases (p = 0.000) were raised. It was determined that the diseases known the most by the students were acquired immune deficiency syndrome, syphilis and gonorrhea. It was determined that the same education did not affect the knowledge level of the students on the subjects of the STI symptoms and means of spreading by contagion. In conclusion, education on the subject of STIs for the university students can be organized with different methods.     

1999、2000年大连市性病流行病学分析

目的 了解1999年和2000年大连市性病的发病趋势和流行特点，为政府部门制定控制对策提供科学依据。方法 用全市性病疫情报告系统上报的年度报表资料并利用SPSS软件、EXCEL分析。结果 2000年大连市共报告常见7种性病6619例，较1999年降低16、13％，大连市性病总报告发病率为121．07／10万，在大连市尖锐湿疣较1999年增长了1．56％，而梅毒和淋病则出现了下降的趋势，降幅分别是51．57％和33．50％；大连市仍以城镇为高发地区.结论 2000年大连市性病发病有下降的趋势，性病流行病谱在发生改变，提示防治措施和资源分配应作相应调整。     

A Guttman Scale to Assess Knowledge About Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Adults with Cerebral Palsy

Sexuality issues are a core aspect of human development and still remain a challenging theme for professionals working with people with disabilities. Health literacy, which includes the individual knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), is a factor with influence in safe behaviors regarding own sexual living and It assessment is often neglected in services for adults with Cerebral Palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, easily administered scale to assess the knowledge about STDs for adults with CP, in Portugal. Forty-two participants (28 men, 14 women), aged 18–53 years, with CP were interviewed with a structured questionnaire about sexuality knowledge, where questions about STDs were used as basis for Guttman scale development. From the eighteen items of the questionnaire, 10 were considered as related to STD and a valid Guttman scale containing 8 items was derived (CR = 0.92, MMR = 0.80, CS = 0.61). The median score of the summed items from the developed scale was 6 (IQ1–IQ3 = 5.0–8.0) and the range of correct answers was between 3 and 8. The proportion of correct answers to each question ranged between 97.6 and 47.6 %. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to combine questions that represent diverse aspects of STDs knowledge in an ordered scale and be used in an assessment, including self-administered tools, of adults of CP. This measure is time effective and can be used in with advantages both for health professionals and persons with CP.     

2006-2010年三亚市中小学生传染病流行病学分析

目的 了解三亚市2006-2010年中小学生法定报告传染病的流行病学特征,为传染病防治工作提供科学依据.方法 运用描述流行病学方法对三亚市2006 - 2010年报告的中小学生法定报告传染病进行分析.结果 2006 - 2010年三亚市中小学生累计报告传染病19种共1 390例,发病率为234.41/10万,4例死亡病例,死亡率为0.67/10万.发病数前5位病种依次是流行性腮腺炎、病毒性肝炎、风疹、急性出血性结膜炎、肺结核;病例发病高峰分别在5月和10月,男性高于女性,男女之比为2.10∶1;5～11岁小学生是发病的主要群体.结论 当前三亚市中小学生主要传染病是呼吸道传染病,控制呼吸道传染病是今后中小学生传染病防治工作重点.