慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉围手术前期处理对术中出血影响的观察

目的　探讨减少慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉内镜鼻窦手术中出血的方法。方法　通过对慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者进行围手术期术前处理 68例 ,并与未经围手术前期处理的同类手术 (30例 )进行比较。结果　术前处理组的手术有效率为 91 2 % ,术前未处理组的手术有效率为 80 % ,两者经统计学处理差异有显著性 (F =8 61 7,P =0 0 2 6) ;术前处理组术中出血量为 (53 2± 41 8)ml,术前未处理组为 (97 2± 59 0 )ml,两者经统计学处理差异有显著性 (F =2 7 946 ,P =0 0 0 2 )。结论　术前用药物控制慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的炎症是减少内镜鼻窦手术出血的重要环节 ,而良好和足够时间的术中中鼻道血管收缩剂的应用、控制性低血压的应用、控制出血高危因素和减少术中损伤等对减少术中出血也非常有效     

鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉

对我科2000年1月～2005年1 2月完成随访的174例慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者的鼻内镜手术资料进行临床分析,报道如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料.174例慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者,男105例,女69例;年龄9～79岁,平均40岁.按照海口会议标准[1]:1型1期13例(7.5%),1型2期18例(10.3%),1型3期6例(3.4%);2型1期13例(7.5%),2型2期86例(49.4%),2型3期20例(11.5%);3型18例(10.3%).有一次手术史者12例,二次或以上手术史者7例.头痛1 04例,鼻塞172例,脓性鼻涕147例,嗅觉减退114例.所有病例术前常规行鼻窦CT扫描与鼻内镜检查,16例经下鼻道穿刺行上颌窦内镜检查,以明确上颌窦病变的性质和程度.鼻息肉患者入院即开始给予地塞米松10 mg,每日静脉滴注,3天后手术.术后常规应用辅舒良、雷诺考特气雾剂喷鼻至术后1～3个月.     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息内显微镜下手术中出血控制的观察

OBJECTIVE: To explore the results of bleeding control in sinonasal surgery. METHODS: Between Jan 1998 and Jun 2000, 82 patients (144 sides) were observed and studied for the relationship between mental tension and bleeding. The effect of blood pressure control and operative time reduction was also observed. 58 sides were of type III, 71 sides of type II (among them, 56 sides belonged to stage II, 15 sides belonged to stage III), 15 sides were type I (among them, 4 sides belonged to stage I, 11 sides belonged to stage II). Of them, 60 patients had been operated for two times. All patients with sinusitis received micro-intranasal ethmoidectomy and 140 sides had had polyps removed. Sixteen patients received correction of deviated septum at the same time. 31 patients received resection of the inferior turbinate bone. Twenty-one patients were given Dridol' 5 mg and Dolantin 50 mg intravenously to control hypertension. Bleeding amount was compared between 21 hypertensive patients who used intravenous drugs and 57 hypertensive patients who did not use intravenous drugs during operation. To reduce operation time, the operation was simplified. RESULTS: The bleeding was limited to 10 ml in 99 sides(69%), the mean bleeding amount was controlled to (18.7 +/- 24.4) ml in 78(54%) sides of patients with hypertension. In 66 sides (46%) of patients with normal blood pressure, the mean bleeding amount was (13.2 +/- 16.8) ml (P < 0.05). In 21 patients in whom the hypertension was controlled, the mean bleeding amount was (13.0 +/- 6.7) ml. In 10 patients, the bleeding amount was (30.5 +/- 21.8) ml at the first operation with hypertension uncontrolled, the bleeding amount was only (11.0 +/- 8.2) ml at second operation when the blood pressure was controlled to normal (P < 0.05). After 6 months follow-up, 104 sides (72%) were cured, 32 sides (22%) improved, and 8 sides (6%) without improvement. CONCLUSION: Mental tension in operation can induce hypertension and increase bleeding, suitable sedation is necessary. With correct use of topical anesthesia and reduced operation time, the bleeding amount can be controlled to less than 10 ml in 69% of patients.     

复发性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的鼻内窥镜再手术治疗

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜下复发性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉再手术的疗效。方法：为124例复发性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉行鼻内窥镜手术，用Messerklinger术式，Stryker切削器，术中用中药冲洗术腔，辅以弱激光鼻腔内照射。结果：病变清除彻底，窦口开放良好，手术满意82例（66．1％），手术欠满意31例（25．0％），无效11例（8．9％）。结论：复发性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的鼻内窥镜再手术适合于鼻腔黏连、堵塞、病变清楚但手术不彻底的患者，哮喘不影响再手术的效果，鼻息肉病内窥镜再次手术也无法根本解决。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜手术严重并发症分析

目的探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜手术严重并发症的分类、发生率及其影响因素，以期从中获得启示。方法对随访资料完整的1102例（1769侧）慢性鼻一鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者内镜手术发生21例次严重并发症的情况进行总结、分析。结果21例次严重并发症包括：眶内血肿3例次、眼内直肌损伤2例次、视力丧失1例次、颅内血肿1例次、脑脊液鼻漏3例次、鼻泪管阻塞3例次、鼻中隔穿孔2例次、大出血2例次、下肢血栓形成2例次、术后哮喘发作2例次。严重并发症的发生率为1．91％（21／1102），其中眼部并发症（0．54％）和颅内并发症（0．36％）发生率较高。患者的病变范围、前期手术史和术者的手术经验及技巧是影响严重并发症发生率的重要因素。结论导致鼻内镜手术严重并发症的因素众多，然而主观因素比客观因素起更大的影响作用，其中以术者的手术经验尤为重要。     

肾上腺糖皮质激素在慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉围手术期应用的不良反应

目的：探讨肾上腺糖皮质激素在慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉围手术期的临床应用范围,疗效及不良反应。方法：1997年1月－2000年7月对慢性鼻窦炎,鼻息肉患者施行鼻内镜手术期间,应用糖皮质激素治疗的704例中26例出现不良反应患者进行回顾性分析。结果：血象异常15例,血压升高5例,两者兼而有之2例,消化道出血2例,结核病灶扩散2例。结论：术前详询病史,完善检查,严格适应证,规范用药是避免不良反应发生的重要措施。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜围手术前期治疗对术中出血的影响

目的探讨减少慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜术中出血的方法。方法122例双侧慢性鼻窦炎患者,分为治疗组与对照组。治疗组(59例)围手术前期予以综合治疗,对照组(63例)围手术前期未予综合治疗,对比分析两组患者的术中出血量。结果治疗组术中出血量为(92.7±72.02)ml,对照组术中出血量为(145.24±116.29)ml,两组间差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论术前综合治疗对减少鼻内镜术术中出血量有重要意义。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉内镜手术中巴曲亭控制出血的疗效观察

目的观察巴曲亭在鼻内镜手术中控制创面渗血的疗效.方法将慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉61例随机分为巴曲亭组(32例)和对照组(29例),巴曲亭组术前30min静脉滴入巴曲亭2kU,术后静注巴曲亭1kU,连续给药2d,对照组常规处理,比较术中出血、渗血量、手术时间和住院天数.结果 巴曲亭组术中、术后平均出、渗血量明显低于对照组(P<0.01),手术时间、住院平均天数也少于对照组(P<0.05),用药过程中未发现任何不良反应.结论在鼻内窥镜手术中应用巴曲亭安全、可靠、疗效明显.     

内窥镜鼻窦手术的围手术期处理

内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的疗效取决于诸多因素,其中围手术期的正确处理和其他因素一样重要。1995年6月～1999年12月我们对307例内窥镜鼻窦手术者均随访12个月以上。现对其中资料比较完整的136例围手术处理情况进行分析,旨在探讨加强围手术期处理的措施。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉再次内镜鼻窦手术

目的 探讨需行再次内镜鼻窦手术的原因，评价再次内镜鼻窦手术的疗效。方法 对114例（161侧）需行再次内镜鼻窦手术的患者术前行鼻内镜和鼻窦CT扫描检查，术后随访2例以上。结果 114例（161侧）中复发性鼻窦炎98例（129侧），复发性鼻息肉16例（32侧）。额隐窝狭窄2例（3例），前组筛窦炎18例（24侧），前组筛窦炎和上颌窦自然开口堵塞31例（46侧），中鼻甲粘连6例（7侧），后组筛窦炎18例（24侧），后组筛窦和蝶窦炎36例（54侧），蝶窦炎3例（3侧）。伴有鼻中隔偏曲者15例。经2年以上随访，复发性鼻窦炎者88例（111侧）痊愈，10例（18侧）症状缓解，16例（32侧）复发性鼻息肉患者11例（22例）痊愈，5例（10例）症状缓解。结论 行再次内镜鼻窦手术的原因主要是前次手术未彻底清除病变（首先与术者经验不足有关）；其次为鼻息肉病。再次内镜鼻窦手术效果满意，无严重并发症。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉鼻内镜术后的康复治疗

目的:分析鼻息肉、慢性鼻窦炎经鼻内镜手术后影响疗效的因素,并探讨其预防措施。 方法:对因鼻息肉、慢性鼻窦炎接受鼻内镜手术、随访3年以上的226例患者从职业、个人生活习 惯、术后是否坚持系统的康复治疗及持续时间、临床转归等方面进行回顾性分析。结果:从事接触 刺激性物质或粉尘的职业(化工、纺织、建筑、装饰、锅炉和厨师等)、具有不良生活习惯(喜食辛辣 食物、嗜烟酒)、术后(尤其是出院后)根本不曾或不能坚持进行系统康复治疗(包括局部用药、全 身用药、鼻腔冲洗、定期鼻内镜下清理术腔等)的患者与不具有前述"特质"的患者鼻息肉、鼻窦炎 复发的可能性明显居高、复发时间亦明显提前;具备前述"特质"类别愈多,复发愈快、愈剧。其中 尤以系统康复治疗对术后转归影响最显著。结论:术后定期、足够疗程的系统康复治疗是提高鼻 息肉、慢性鼻窦炎经鼻内镜手术疗效的有力措施,良好的职业保护和戒除不良生活习惯能有效地 预防和减缓鼻息肉、慢性鼻窦炎经鼻内镜手术后的复发。     

Arachidonic acid metabolites in antrochoanal polyp and nasal polyp associated with chronic paranasal sinusitis

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of arachidonic acid metabolites (AAMs) in the pathogenesis of antrochoanal polyp (ACP). Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we assayed the tissue concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, leukotrienes (LTs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE). Concentrations of AAMs in ACP were compared with the level in the control turbinate tissues and nasal polyps associated with chronic paranasal sinusitis (NPS). The concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1alpha were not significantly different in the control turbinate, ACP and NPS groups. In ACP, concentrations of LTC4, 15-HETE and 12-HETE were significantly lower than in the control turbinate. The striking differences in the profile of AAMs between ACP and NPS included a lack of production of LTD4 and LTE4 in ACP, also detectable in NPS, and markedly lower concentrations of 15-HETE and 12-HETE in ACP. The results of this study indicate that decreased lipoxygenase pathway products in arachidonic acid metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of ACP. However, in the pathogenesis of NPS, increased production of LTD4 and LTE4 may have an important role. Taken together, our results demonstrate a difference in pathogenesis between ACP and NPS, particularly in terms of arachidonic acid metabolism.     

Bacteriological findings and antimicrobial susceptibility in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp

Conclusions. We recommend amoxacillin/clavulanate, cephalosporins and macrolides rather than penicillin as the first-line drug in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps. In cases where there is no improvement of symptoms, cultures should be taken from the middle meatus, followed by appropriate selection of second-line antibiotics according to the sensitivity test results. Objective. To investigate the causative bacteria and the antimicrobial susceptibility in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps in Korea. Materials and methods. The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of maxillary sinus aspirates from 81 patients were evaluated. Results. Aerobes were isolated from 58.0% of the cultures from the middle meatus and from 48.1% of those from the maxillary sinus. Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most prevalent aerobic pathogens. Anaerobes were isolated from 8.6% of the cultures from the middle meatus and from 18.5% of the cultures from the maxillary sinus. The predominant anaerobic organisms were Prevotella and Peptostreptococcus in adults but none of them were cultured in children. A high rate of concordance of the middle meatus and maxillary sinus was noted. Monomicrobial infection was most commonly observed. Ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae isolates were cultured in 46% of the cases. Penicillin resistance rates were 93% for Staph. aureus; 25% of Strep. pneumoniae were intermediate and 25% were resistant.     

Bacteriological findings and antimicrobial susceptibility in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp

CONCLUSIONS: We recommend amoxacillin/clavulanate, cephalosporins and macrolides rather than penicillin as the first-line drug in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps. In cases where there is no improvement of symptoms, cultures should be taken from the middle meatus, followed by appropriate selection of second-line antibiotics according to the sensitivity test results. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causative bacteria and the antimicrobial susceptibility in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of maxillary sinus aspirates from 81 patients were evaluated. RESULTS: Aerobes were isolated from 58.0% of the cultures from the middle meatus and from 48.1% of those from the maxillary sinus. Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most prevalent aerobic pathogens. Anaerobes were isolated from 8.6% of the cultures from the middle meatus and from 18.5% of the cultures from the maxillary sinus. The predominant anaerobic organisms were Prevotella and Peptostreptococcus in adults but none of them were cultured in children. A high rate of concordance of the middle meatus and maxillary sinus was noted. Monomicrobial infection was most commonly observed. Ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae isolates were cultured in 46% of the cases. Penicillin resistance rates were 93% for Staph. aureus; 25% of Strep. pneumoniae were intermediate and 25% were resistant.     

奥玛株单抗在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者治疗中的应用

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)的炎症机制复杂,现有治疗方式对其病情控制欠佳。奥玛株单抗可通过与IgE受体结合降低患者的免疫级联反应,已有研究证明其对缓解CRSwNP合并哮喘患者的鼻部症状有良好的效果,但针对伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多、IgE水平高的难治性复发性CRSwNP治疗效果的探索还需要更多、更大规模的随机对照实验来证明。本文结合该背景对奥玛株单抗的作用机制以及在CRSwNP中的应用进行阐述,为CRSwNP的治疗提供参考。     

上颌窦息肉及囊肿处理方法的探讨

目的 :探讨鼻内镜下上颌窦内息肉、囊肿手术切除方法。方法 :将上颌窦内有息肉和囊肿的 96例患者随机分为两组 :治疗组 5 0例 ,对照组 4 6例。治疗组应用Rudolf 4 .5mm上颌窦开窗器 ,经下鼻道钻孔 ,套管内窥及息肉和囊肿 ,电动吸引切割器切除。对照组经扩大的自然开口 ,用上颌窦息肉钳清除窦口可见到的息肉和囊肿。结果 :术后随访 6个月 ,治疗组治愈 4 1例 ,好转 8例 ,无效 1例 ,总有效率为 98.0 0 % ,治愈率为 82 .0 0 % ;对照组治愈 2 8例 ,好转 11例 ,无效 7例 ,总有效率为 84 .78% ,治愈率为 6 0 .87% ,两组比较 ,差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :鼻内镜下经下鼻道钻孔上颌窦息肉、囊肿电动吸引切割术是一种简单、疗效肯定的手术方法 ,可以提高慢性鼻窦炎的治愈率。