伊马替尼耐药的复发转移性胃肠道间质瘤再手术的作用

目的 探讨复发转移性胃肠道间质瘤伊马替尼治疗耐药后手术干预的作用价值.方法 回顾分析2005年1月至2011年12月期间15例完全切除原发病灶后出现转移复发、接受伊马替尼治疗后出现耐药患者的临床病理资料、手术及生存情况.结果 7例患者（46.7%）依然存活,其中3例（20%）无瘤生存,4例（26.7%）带瘤生存;有1例患者失访（6.7%）;耐药后的中位生存时间为32个月,1年、2年生存率分别为85.6%和58.2%.9例患者耐药后进行了手术,其中8例患者肿瘤完全切除,1例为减瘤手术;其余6例患者则是接受伊马替尼600 mg/d或改用索坦治疗.生存分析显示,手术干预组总生存期优于未手术者（P=0.041）,中位生存时间分别为44.0个月及19.5个月.结论 对伊马替尼耐药的复发或转移性胃肠道间质瘤患者进行手术干预可能提高患者的总体生存时间,改善患者的预后.     

胃肠道间质瘤肝转移的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)肝转移的诊断和治疗.方法 回顾性分析1993年12月至2007年5月收治的16例GIST肝转移患者的临床资料.结果 14例行根治性切除术,2例行姑息性切除术.3例根治性切除术及2例姑息性切除术患者术后服用伊马替尼治疗.术后随访时间3～161个月,14例根治性切除患者中共8例复发、转移.其中7例肝转移,3例采用肝动脉栓塞治疗,1例服用伊马替尼,2例手术切除,1例未治疗;1例腹壁转移,行手术切除.本组16例患者1、3年生存率分别为92%和74%.结论 GIST肝转移术后复发率高,手术治疗GIST肝转移及术后复发、转移效果较好,联合服用伊马替尼可进一步提高患者生存率.     

胃肠道间质瘤切除术后复发危险因素的初步研究

目的 初步研究胃肠道间质瘤切除术后复发的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析铜陵市人民医院胃肠外科2005年12月-2010年12月行手术治疗的61例胃肠道间质瘤患者的临床、病理及随访资料,采用Logistic逐步回归模型计算患者术后复发的危险因素.结果 共61例患者纳入研究,行胃大部切除或全胃切除术40例,小肠部分切除术7例,结肠部分切除3例,Dixon术2例,肿瘤摘除术9例.15例患者术后给予甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗.术后4例患者失访,57例随访时间均超过1年,术后复发率为12.3％.Logistic逐步回归模型证实肿瘤恶性风险程度是最终危险因素(P=0.021).结论 胃肠道间质瘤恶性风险程度是评估术后复发的重要指标.恶性风险程度评分较高的患者,术后给予甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗可能改善患者的短期预后.     

胃肠道间质瘤的诊疗体会——附21例报告

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤的诊断和治疗.方法 对2000年6月至2012年6月收治的21例胃肠道间质瘤患者的临床特点进行回顾性分析.21例均经手术治疗并经病理证实,其中男性12例,女性9例;发病年龄23～75岁,中位年龄55.6岁.术中行淋巴结清扫5例,术后5例患者服用甲磺酸伊马替尼,服药时间6~40个月,剂量为400 mg/d.结果 本组GIST病变部位：胃9例,十二指肠1例,小肠7例,结肠2例,直肠2例.21例均在术前通过影像学检查明确病灶部位.术后均由病理学检查及免疫组织化学检测确诊.酪氨酸激酶受体（CD117）阳性率为95.24% （20/21）,骨髓干细胞抗原（CD34）阳性率76.19%（16/21）.有效随访17例,随访12个月至10年.3例于术后6～24个月肿瘤恶化死亡,其中有1例服用甲磺酸伊马替尼8个月后死亡;7例肿瘤复发,其中3例出现远处转移,4例再次接受手术治疗;7例病情稳定,其中4例服用甲磺酸伊马替尼.结论 提高对GIST的认识,减少误诊,积极的手术切除结合靶向治疗是改善其预后的主要措施.     

靶向治疗高危胃肠道间质瘤的临床疗效

目的:探讨应用伊马替尼治疗高危胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月—2015年6月收治的56例接受伊马替尼靶向治疗的高危GIST患者临床资料,并对疗效进行分析。结果:19例无手术切除机会的患者经伊马替尼(400 mg/d)治疗6~8个月后,无完全缓解(CR)者,部分缓解(PR)14例,疾病稳定(SD)4例,疾病进展(PD)1例;7例(36.8%)PR患者获得手术切除机会。35例行手术切除后服用伊马替尼(400 mg/d)1年,随访3例复发,1年复发率8.6%;2例终断服药,无法评估疗效。结论:伊马替尼治疗GIST疗效肯定,对于高危GIST患者,术前新辅助化疗能让无法手术切除的肿瘤获得手术机会,术后辅助化疗可能提高无瘤生存率,不良反应较轻能够耐受。     

十二指肠间质瘤29例诊治分析

目的 总结十二指肠间质瘤的诊断和外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析1999年5月至2013年3月我院诊治的29例十二指肠间质瘤病例资料.结果 29例患者主要临床表现为黑便、中上腹不适或腹痛.术前诊断主要依据影像学和内镜检查,但活检准确率低.内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检有助于明确诊断.29例患者均完整切除肿瘤.其中13例行胰十二指肠切除;11例行肿瘤局部切除;5例行十二指肠节段切除.术后7例服用伊马替尼.术后随访2～118个月,平均48.2个月.26例患者存活至今.其中23例无复发或转移征象;4例出现肝脏转移;2例肿瘤复发.核分裂相≥5/50高倍视野(HPF)为术后复发转移的高危因素.结论 十二指肠间质瘤首选手术切除,根据肿瘤大小和位置选择合理的手术方式.早期诊断和完整切除肿瘤对改善预后至关重要.肿瘤破裂或高危患者术后应给予口服伊马替尼辅助治疗.     

伊马替尼治疗复发合并转移胃肠道间质肿瘤的疗效研究

探讨伊马替尼治疗复发合并转移胃肠道间质肿瘤的预后。回顾性分析2006~2015年我院收治的复发合并转移的胃肠道间质瘤患者90例,其中14例接受单纯手术治疗,22例接受手术+伊马替尼治疗,54例接受单纯伊马替尼治疗,比较不同治疗方式疗效和生存时间的差异。不同治疗方式的原发部位、复发部位和转移部位的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);手术治疗患者CR 1例(7.14%),PR 4例(28.57%),SD 2例(14.29%),PD 7例(50.0%);手术+伊马替尼治疗患者CR 6例(27.27%),PR 9例(40.91%),SD 3例(13.64%),PD 4例(18.18%);伊马替尼治疗患者CR 8例(14.81%),PR 13例(24.07%),SD 11例(20.37%),PD 22例(40.74%);经秩和检验,不同治疗方式的疗效差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);手术治疗、手术+伊马替尼治疗和伊马替尼治疗5年随访中位生存时间分别为51.9月(44.4~59.5月)、102.6月(93.1~112.2月)、62.9月(58.2~67.4月),不同治疗方式患者的5年随访中位生存时间的差异具有统计学意义(log-rank=13.489,P=0.001)。伊马替尼治疗复发合并转移胃肠道间质肿瘤能显著提高患者的生存时间,而手术联合伊马替尼治疗效果更佳。     

小肠间质瘤13例报告

目的探讨小肠间质瘤的临床特点及诊断、治疗经验。方法回顾性分析自1997年6月至2009年10月经手术治疗并确诊的13例小肠间质瘤的临床资料。结果全组均行手术治疗,术后加用伊马替尼治疗2例。全组随访6个月～12年,复发1例,再手术后目前存活,应用伊马替尼治疗的2例症状缓解,其余10例均存活至今,无复发。结论小肠间质瘤预后较好,但对不明原因的消化道出血、腹痛应及早行特殊检查或手术探查,以免误诊;伊马替尼对晚期小肠间质瘤有较好疗效。     

胃肠道间质瘤同时性肝转移的同期手术切除

目的 探讨同时性胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)肝转移行同期切除原发肿瘤和肝转移瘤的手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析7例GIST同时性肝转移同期手术病人的临床资料.结果 7例病人中男5例,女2例;中位年龄52(43～67)岁.原发肿瘤部位分布为:胃2例,小肠5例.全组接受手术切除,无明显并发症,1例病人术后2个月死于肝内复发,1例术后8个月肝内复发者服用伊马替尼,肿瘤进展得到控制.其余病人在随访1年期间未见肿瘤复发或转移.结论 同期手术切除对于合适的同时性GIST肝转移瘤病人安全、有效.     

胃肠道间质瘤的诊治：附100例报告

目的:探讨胃肠道间质瘤的临床病理诊断与治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析100例胃肠道间质瘤的临床病理资料.结果:CT平扫探查发现所有患者肿块均为单发,79例良性肿块可见软组织密度肿块,密度均匀;21例恶性肿块内可见大小不等的低密度坏死区,呈分叶状.双期增强扫描见肿块腔内侧大小不一的溃疡,其中7例恶性间质瘤的溃疡程度大而深;增强扫描肿块呈不均匀明显强化,囊变坏死区无强化.病变发生在胃部56例,十二指肠26例,小肠10例,结肠及直肠6例,肠系膜2例.术中标本的病理学检测发现由梭形瘤细胞形成的细胞团巢是胃肠道间质瘤的特征排列.所有病例均完整切除,均未发现淋巴结转移,术中及术后均无死亡,平均住院时间15.2 d.随访期6～24个月,其中5例恶性肿瘤患者死亡,均死于肝转移;28例复发(28.0％),其中肿瘤类型:交界性肿瘤12例,恶性肿瘤16例;复发部位:局部复发16例,腹膜复发12例;再次进行切除手术后随访3个月,均存活.结论:胃肠道间质瘤可根据其临床表现、CT等影像学检查以及病理学检测等明确诊断,早行手术切除效果良好.     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

---

Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.