神经内镜辅助下经鼻蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤

目的总结分析神经内镜下经鼻蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤的手术技巧与疗效。方法回顾性分析56例神经内镜下经鼻蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤病人的临床资料,观察其手术技巧与疗效。结果肿瘤全切除46例(82.1%),大部分切除8例(14.3%),部分切除2例(3.6%)。所有病例未出现颈内动脉损伤,术中发现脑脊液漏6例,采用"三明治"方法修补鞍底;术后大部分病人临床症状好转,出现一过性尿崩症9例,脑脊液鼻漏4例,低钠血症3例。随访3～12个月,肿瘤复发10例,其中再次内镜手术6例,行伽玛刀及溴隐亭治疗4例。结论通过神经内镜能发现各个方向生长的垂体腺瘤并进行全切除,这是一种微创、安全、有效的方法。     

神经内镜下经鼻-蝶窦入路手术切除垂体腺瘤(附128例报告)

目的 探讨神经内镜下经鼻-蝶窦入路手术治疗垂体腺瘤的方法.方法 回顾性总结经神经内镜下切除垂体腺瘤128例的效果.结果 经标准的神经内镜下单鼻孔-蝶窦入路84例;简化的经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路28例;经双侧鼻孔-蝶窦入路16例.肿瘤全切除99例,次全切除23例,部分切除6例.术后脑脊液漏6例,保守治疗后痊愈.72例患者随访6个月至3年,70例激素水半明显增高的病人中,41例降至正常,18例术后复发.结论 神经内镜下经鼻-蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤,手术创伤小,安全且并发症少,是垂体瘤手术的理想术式.     

神经内窥镜下经鼻蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术（附49例报告）

目的 总结神经内镜下经鼻蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤的经验及体会。方法 对49例垂体腺瘤病人行神经内镜下经鼻蝶窦入路垂体腺瘤切除术。结果 肿瘤全切45例，次全切3例，大部分切除1例。无死亡病例，无视神经损伤，1例出现脑脊液漏，40例术后出现一过性多尿，2例多尿持续3个月。随访5个月～3年，所有症状均有所改善。36例激素水平异常病人中29例恢复正常，2例术后行γ-刀治疗。结论 神经内镜经鼻蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤损伤小，疗效满意，术中通过内镜变换角度有助于更安全彻底地切除肿瘤。     

神经内镜下经鼻蝶窦入路治疗老年人巨大垂体腺瘤

目的探讨神经内镜下经鼻蝶窦入路老年人巨大垂体腺瘤切除的手术技术。方法回顺性分析36例老年人巨大垂体腺瘤病人的临床资料,均采用神经内镜下经鼻蝶窦入路手术,分析该术式的优缺点。结果肿瘤全切除24例,部分切除12例。术后并发症：尿崩症9例,水电解质紊乱12例,脑脊液鼻漏5例,迟发性鼻出血1例,嗅觉减退2例,均经短期治疗后好转。33例随访6～36个月,临床症状完全消失26例,症状部分好转7例：12例泌乳素腺瘤病人血泌乳素水平均降至正常;术后13个月复发1例,再次行神经内镜手术治疗。结论神经内镜下经鼻蝶窦入路切除老年人巨大垂体腺瘤,其手术技术简便、安全和有效。     

神经内镜经鼻蝶垂体腺瘤手术42例临床分析

目的探讨神经内镜经鼻蝶入路手术治疗垂体腺瘤的技巧并观察临床效果。方法回顾性分析42例神经内镜经鼻蝶入路治疗垂体腺瘤的病例资料,采用双人三手和固定臂操作或双人四手操作,总结手术技巧,观察临床效果。结果肿瘤全切除37例,次全切除3例,部分切除2例。16例功能性垂体腺瘤激素水平恢复正常10例,临床缓解6例。术后出现尿崩症11例,脑脊液鼻漏4例,蝶窦炎2例,嗅觉障碍2例,无颅内感染及死亡病例,随访6～12个月,治愈33例(78.6%),好转9例(21.4%)。结论神经内镜经鼻蝶入路手术治疗垂体腺瘤暴露较好,对正常垂体及垂体柄骚扰小,初学者坚持双手操作可以加快学习进程。     

改良神经内镜联合显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除垂体腺瘤

目的探讨改良的神经内镜联合显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除垂体腺瘤患者的临床效果、手术技巧、术后处理和临床可行性。方法选取河南大学第一附属医院2015-01-2017-12经改良的神经内镜联合显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术治疗的64例垂体腺瘤患者,先显微镜代替神经内镜常规内镜下操作方法打开蝶窦,暴露肿瘤组织,后置入神经内镜切除肿瘤组织。分析术后患者临床症状改善、肿瘤切除率、术后并发症、手术时间及出血量。结果术后64例患者头痛、视力视野障碍、激素水平异常等临床症状较术前均得到改善;61例患者肿瘤SimposonⅠ级切除,3例Ⅱ级切除,肿瘤全切率95.31%;手术时间(65.35±15.65)min,术中出血量(45±5.6)mL,均较以往单纯显微镜下、单纯神经内镜下手术时间明显缩短,出血量明显减少。术后出现脑脊液鼻漏2例,嗅觉暂时障碍1例,短暂尿崩4例,术后并发症总体发生率10.93%,给予腰大池置管引流、鼻腔冲洗、醋酸去氨加压素治疗后术后并发症均消失,随访3～6个月未出现肿瘤复发、迟发型脑脊液鼻漏、激素水平异常等并发症。结论改良神经内镜联合显微镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除垂体腺瘤,术中出血少,手术时间短,临床疗效确定。     

内镜下经蝶入路手术切除垂体大腺瘤80例

目的 探讨内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除垂体大腺瘤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年12月内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除的80例垂体大腺瘤的临床资料。结果 肿瘤全切除68 例,次全切除9 例,大部切除3例。术后死亡1例。所有术前伴有视力下降及视野缺损症状均有所改善。术后出现短暂性尿崩症23例,低钠血症3例,暂时性嗅觉丧失15例,无重要血管神经损伤、脑脊液漏、迟发鼻出血及颅内感染。术后随访0.5~5年,均无复发;3例嗅觉永久丧失。结论 内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术切除垂体大腺瘤创伤小,肿瘤全切除率高;完善的术前准备及规范的术中操作是提高手术疗效和预防术后并发症的关键。     

经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除馒袭性垂体腺瘤

目的探讨采用单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除侵袭性垂体腺瘤的方法。方法对经神经导航及神经内镜辅助的单鼻孔-蝶窦入路手术治疗的37例侵袭性垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果镜下全切除21例,次全切除10例,大部分切除6例,无死亡。术后有脑脊液鼻漏2例,1例经保守治疗后治愈,另1例经手术修补治愈。患者术后原有症状均有所改善。结论经单鼻孔-蝶窦入路切除侵袭性垂体腺瘤具有手术时间短、创伤小、安全且并发症少等优点。术中利用神经导航系统和神经内镜辅助手术避免重要结构损伤,提高肿瘤的切除程度,值得推广。     

神经内镜下经单鼻腔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤

目的总结神经内镜下经单鼻腔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤的手术经验,探讨该手术方式的优越性。方法对187例垂体腺瘤采用经右鼻腔蝶窦入路手术,手术全过程在神经内镜下进行。结果脑脊液漏5例,颅内感染2例,术后17 d鼻腔大出血1例。随访3～35个月,MR复查示肿瘤全切除133例,近全切除32例,部分切除20例,活检2例。结论神经内镜下经单鼻腔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤,手术入路最为直接,手术时间短,创伤小,术中视野广,术后恢复快,并发症较少。     

神经内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路治疗鞍区肿瘤

目的探讨神经内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路切除鞍区肿瘤的方法和优势。方法回顾性分析30例鞍区肿瘤病人的临床资料,垂体腺瘤26例(其中无功能垂体腺瘤6例、泌乳素瘤16例、垂体生长激素腺瘤4例),拉克囊肿1例,胆脂瘤1例,脑膜瘤1例,颅咽管瘤1例。采用神经内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切27例,部分切除3例。术后3例发生脑脊液鼻漏,经腰大池持续引流后痊愈。无死亡病例。随访3~6个月,病人恢复良好。结论在神经内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路治疗鞍区肿瘤,较单纯的显微镜手术治疗创伤更小,肿瘤全切率更高。     

Prediction of Surgical Outcome by Interictal Epileptiform Abnormalities During Intracranial EEG Monitoring in Patients with Extrahippocampal Seizures

PURPOSE: Ictal intracranial EEG recordings obtained during continuous preoperative monitoring are often used to localize the region of seizure onset for purposes of surgical resection in patients with extrahippocampal seizures. Whether interictal epileptiform abnormalities during long-term monitoring can predict surgical outcome in this group is not established. METHODS: Intracranial EEGs of patients who underwent extrahippocampal resective epilepsy surgery were reviewed for interictal epileptiform abnormalities before medication discontinuation or first seizure occurrence. Interictal abnormalities were categorized as within or beyond the confines of surgical resection. We correlated these findings with the region of seizure onset, the pathologic substrate, and surgical outcome (by using Engel criteria) at 1-year minimum follow-up. RESULTS: Of 13 patients with interictal epileptiform abnormalities, six patients had interictal epileptiform discharges extending beyond the confines of surgical resection. These patients all had poor surgical outcome even if the region of electrographic seizure onset was resected. Seven patients had focal interictal epileptiform discharges, the entire extent of which were resected. All had good outcomes. All patients with structural lesions had focal interictal epileptiform abnormalities and good surgical outcomes. The spatial extent of interictal epileptiform discharges varied among patients with nonstructural lesions. However, those whose regions of interictal epileptiform abnormality were included in surgical resection also had good surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of interictal epileptiform discharges extending beyond the area of resection correlates with poor surgical outcome in patients with extrahippocampal epilepsy. In contrast, patients with focal interictal epileptiform discharges included in surgical resection have good surgical outcomes.     

颅脑损伤手术患者超敏C反应蛋白与病情进展及预后的关系

目的探讨颅脑损伤手术患者脑脊液超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与脑损伤类型、病情进展及预后的关系。方法颅脑损伤手术患者60例,按颅脑损伤分型及手术方式分为3组,Ⅰ组:单侧硬膜外血肿开颅手术组23例;Ⅱ组:单侧硬膜下血肿开颅手术组22例;Ⅲ组:广泛性脑挫裂伤开颅组15例。采集颅脑损伤患者术中至术后3周的脑脊液,以散射免疫比浊法测定脑脊液hs-CRP的含量,分析其预测各组预后的效果,并与相应影像学资料进行比较。结果术后10d3组脑脊液hs-CRP含量比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);hs-CRP含量与脑损伤类型密切相关并可预测颅脑损伤手术患者的预后,hs-CRP的变化与影像学改变亦密切相关。结论脑脊液hs-CRP的含量与不同脑损伤类型、预后密切相关,对判断病情变化有重要意义。     

Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy in the Comprehensive Care Program: Advantages and Considerations

Abstract: To properly establish the surgical treatment of epilepsy in the comprehensive care program, we planned a surgical strategy mainly for a temporal lobe epilepsy and have performed 60 temporal lobectomies. The surgical candidates were selected from 142 patients who met the initial criteria, and passed the initial evaluation for surgical intervention. Forty-five patients had long-term intracranial EEG recording, and circumscribed organic lesions were disclosed in 27 patients by neuroimaging techniques. The outcome of 23 patients who were followed for 2 years postoperatively was complete freedom from complex partial seizures in 17 patients (74%) and an increase in full employment from 2 to 10 patients. Despite the possible surgical complications, including detrimental effects on the higher cerebral functions, it is essential that the surgical treatment of epilepsy should be established as a part of the comprehensive care program. Our experiences and analyses of the state of the art in surgical intervention also suggest that surgical indications for more intractable patients whose social adjustment is less hopeful should be established and the surgical care system for these patients should also be planned. Furthermore, some patients may be free from recurrent seizures postoperatively, but still have difficulties in social rehabilitation. The problems for such patients remain unsolved.     

Surgical treatment of epilepsy in the comprehensive care program: advantages and considerations

To properly establish the surgical treatment of epilepsy in the comprehensive care program, we planned a surgical strategy mainly for a temporal lobe epilepsy and have performed 60 temporal lobectomies. The surgical candidates were selected from 142 patients who met the initial criteria, and passed the initial evaluation for surgical intervention. Forty-five patients had long-term intracranial EEG recording, and circumscribed organic lesions were disclosed in 27 patients by neuroimaging techniques. The outcome of 23 patients who were followed for 2 years postoperatively was complete freedom from complex partial seizures in 17 patients (74%) and an increase in full employment from 2 to 10 patients. Despite the possible surgical complications, including detrimental effects on the higher cerebral functions, it is essential that the surgical treatment of epilepsy should be established as a part of the comprehensive care program. Our experiences and analyses of the state of the art in surgical intervention also suggest that surgical indications for more intractable patients whose social adjustment is less hopeful should be established and the surgical care system for these patients should also be planned. Furthermore, some patients may be free from recurrent seizures postoperatively, but still have difficulties in social rehabilitation. The problems for such patients remain unsolved.     

高血压脑出血内外科规范化治疗的疗效比较—多中心随机前瞻性研究

目的:评价高血压脑出血内、外科规范化治疗的疗效。方法:多中心前瞻性、随机对照比较内外科规范化治疗的效果。结果:外科组２６６例,内科组２３４例。按Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ模型统计,外科组近期和远期疗效明显优于内科组。外科组近期死亡率９．８%,远期死亡率１１．８%,并发症发生率均低于内科组。结论:高血压脑出血外科规范化治疗疗效优于内科规范化治疗。     

幕上海绵状血管瘤所致癫癎的手术预后及其相关影响因素分析

目的探讨颅内海绵状血管瘤（CCA）所致癫癎的手术效果及其相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析49例CCA所致癫癎病人的手术效果。并分析年龄、性别、病灶位置、病灶大小、病程、癫癎发作类型与手术预后的相关性。结果术后随访1~4年,EngelI级39例（79．6％）,EngelII～Ⅳ级10例（20．4％）。统计学分析显示：病灶〈1．5cm、病程≤1年及部分性癫癎发作的病人手术预后较好（P〈0．05）,而年龄、性别、病灶位置与手术预后没有明显的相关性（P〉O．05）。结论CCA所致癫癎的手术效果理想,病灶大小、病程和癫癎发作类型与手术预后相关。     

脑挫裂伤手术与非手术治疗对照研究

目的探讨手术或非手术治疗对脑挫裂伤患者预后的影响。方法分析收治的170例脑挫裂伤体积在40~60 ml脑挫裂伤患者的手术与否与预后关系,据伤后36 h内脑挫裂伤的体积分组,依据我们以往的临床经验,以50 ml为分组标准进行研究,36小时以内脑挫裂伤体积≤50 ml归为少量组(即A组),50 ml归为多量组(即B组)。A组98例,其中手术治疗47例,非手术治疗51例。B组72例,其中手术治疗38例,非手术治疗34例。结果对于脑挫裂伤体积在40~50 ml的A组患者,手术和非手术治疗的残、死率比较无差异;但对于脑挫裂伤体积在50~60 ml的B组患者,手术与非手术治疗的残、死率有显著差异性,与非手术者比较,手术者恢复良好率升高30.18%,致残率降低20.44%,病死率降低9.76%,GOS评分提高1.11。结论入院36h以内脑挫裂伤体积≤50 ml时应当多以保守治疗为主,大于5 0 ml时应当多以手术治疗为主。     

婴幼儿期灾难性癫痫的术前评估

目的探讨婴幼儿灾难性癫痫的术前评估及其与手术方式的选择和预后的关系。方法对我院癫痫中心2000年以来收治的28例婴幼儿期灾难性癫痫患者进行临床资料回顾性分析和评估,患儿术前均接受了长程视频脑电图和影像学等各项评估检查。结果按照Engel分级和常规神经外科分级对手术效果进行评价。本组无手术死亡病例,随访3个月至3年,90%以上经手术治疗的患儿术后疗效满意或症状显著改善。而拒绝手术的患儿药物治疗效果不佳。结论对于婴幼儿灾难性癫痫,完善的术前评估是决定手术方式和手术治疗效果的关键。     

介入栓塞术与开颅夹闭术治疗前交通破裂动脉瘤的疗效与安全性比较

目的比较介入栓塞及开颅夹闭治疗ACoA破裂的疗效。方法将44例ACoA根据动脉瘤解剖特点、临床表现及患者意愿分为治疗组18例和对照组26例,治疗组采用介入栓塞,对照组采用开颅夹闭,比较分析两组疗效。结果介入组成功栓塞17例,再破裂1例,1例因血管迂曲无法栓塞转为开颅夹闭。出院时恢复良好15例,遗有神经功能缺损2例(记忆力减退1例,单侧下肢肌力减退1例)。开颅组成功夹闭27例(1例由介入组转来),术后脑疝2例,神经功能损伤1例(运动性失语),出院时恢复良好18例,遗有神经功能缺损2例(运动性失语1例,精神症状1例),昏迷7例。结论两者均是前交通破裂动脉瘤的有效治疗方法,介入栓塞术后严重并发症较开颅夹闭少,安全性较高。     

颅内蛛网膜囊肿的诊疗策略

目的探讨颅内蛛网膜囊肿（IAC）的治疗策略。方法对48例CT诊断IAC病人结合临床表现、CT平扫以及CT蛛网膜下腔一脑池造影（CTC）来判断手术指征。结果26例行手术治疗,22例行保守治疗。行手术治疗的26例患者中,失访2例,24例术后症状改善或消失。未行手术治疗的22例患者中,失访6例,症状改善6例,症状仍间断发作,药物可控制但效果不佳10例。结论具有明显手术指征的患者行手术治疗;手术指征不明显,能够接受CTC检查且结果为非交通性蛛网膜囊肿（NCIAC）的患者行手术治疗;交通性蛛网膜囊肿（CIAC）、手术指征不明显不愿接受CTC检查、不能接受手术治疗的患者行保守治疗,随访观察。