新疆维吾尔族宫颈癌与认识程度的关系

目的:探讨维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌与认识程度的关系,为新疆宫颈癌防治工作提供健康教育干预基础。方法:对400例新疆维吾尔族宫颈癌妇女进行对宫颈癌知识的问卷调查后,对她们的资料进行分析。结果:400例患者中知道宫颈癌的患者为20例,占5.0%,95.0%的患者不知道什么是宫颈癌,知道宫颈涂片的意义者10例,仅占2.5%,绝大多数患者不知道宫颈涂片的意义(占97.5%),认为定期做宫颈涂片重要者为7.0%,对做涂片重要性的态度一般者占11.0%,认为定期做宫颈涂片不重要者占29.3%,认为定期做宫颈涂片没有必要者占52.7%,做过宫颈涂片者(包括1年前及其以上)占14.0%,而从来未做过涂片的患者为344例,占86.0%,所有的患者不知道什么是人类乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)及其与宫颈癌的关系。结论:新疆维吾尔族宫颈癌患者受教育的程度普遍较低,对宫颈癌的相关知识缺乏,对定期做宫颈涂片持被动的态度,绝大部分患者一生中未做过涂片,这些因素可能导致维吾尔族宫颈癌发病率居高不下,因此新疆宫颈癌防治工作中进行有关宫颈癌健康教育干预极为迫切。     

和田维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌知晓情况调查

妇女对宫颈癌的认知程度在宫颈癌的发生、发展及预防过程中起重要作用.国外报道显示,通过健康教育可以降低宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率[1-2],国内有关认知程度、性行为与宫颈癌的关系及其干预方面报道较少.宫颈癌从癌前期病变到宫颈浸润癌是一个漫长的过程,在此过程中通过各种途径进行干预可以阻断其癌变,并可以做到恶性肿瘤的早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗(三早)[3].本研究于2008年7-9月在新疆和田墨玉县喀尔赛乡对1042名当地妇女进行宫颈癌及人类乳头瘤状病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)知识问卷调查,为新疆宫颈癌防治工作提供健康教育干预.现将结果报告如下.     

新疆维吾尔族宫颈癌蛋白质组图谱分析

目的:探讨筛选并建立新疆维吾尔族子宫颈癌血清蛋白质组图谱诊断模型可能的临床价值。方法:采用CM10蛋白芯片和SELDI-TOF-MS技术检测40例子宫颈鳞癌、30例宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级和15例健康人的血清蛋白质组图谱,ZUCI-蛋白芯片数据分析系统分析并建立维吾尔族子宫颈癌蛋白质组图谱诊断模型。结果:宫颈癌与宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级患者和健康人存在139种差异蛋白质质谱峰,有分类意义的蛋白质7种。其中质荷比为6 467.26、6 993.199在正常对照组、上皮内瘤变组和宫颈癌组中表达逐渐降低;1 081.275、1 083.193、1 122.849、8 929.189、15 939.86在正常对照组、上皮内瘤变组和宫颈癌组中表达逐渐增高。这7个质荷比峰建立了维吾尔族宫颈癌蛋白质组图谱诊断模型,其准确度85.00%,敏感度72.73%。结论:该组建立的诊断模型可以有效区分维吾尔族宫颈癌患者和正常妇女,为新疆维吾尔族宫颈癌癌的诊断与筛查提供了一条崭新途径。     

未婚流动妇女性行为影响因素分析

[目的]了解青岛未婚流动妇女性行为现况及影响因素,为制定促进性健康的干预措施提供参考依据。[方法]在青岛市6个行政区中意向性抽取10个工厂作为调查现场。对10个工厂中的女工采取整群随机抽样进行调查。[结果]21.7%的流动女工自我报告有婚前性行为。51.5%的人在过去6个月内存在未保护性行为。在使用过安全套的人中,45.3%的人不能在每次同房中坚持使用避孕套。51.5%的人自我报告过去6个月内有生殖道感染症状,存在非意愿性行为和未保护性行为的未婚流动妇女生殖道感染率高。非条件Logistic回归分析表明,年龄在24岁以上,文化程度在高中及以上,有男友,与男友同居,打工时间超过1年半,获得过性健康信息是未婚流动女性婚前性行为的主要危险因素。[结论]青岛未婚流动女性未保护性行为率高,坚持使用安全套率低,生殖道感染率高,存在较多高危性行为,干预应重在促进获得正确的性健康知识以及促进安全套的坚持及正确使用,减少未保护性行为,促进安全性行为。     

医学生性行为相关状况调查

目的了解医学生性健康状况,为医学院校开展性健康教育提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,通过自行设计的问卷对牡丹江医学院大一至大四465名学生进行性健康相关状况调查。结果医学生性知识来源中影响较大的有学校（19.57%）、同伴（18.92%）、网络（16.60%）、色情读物（13.98%）和影视录像（9.46%）。希望与异性有更多接触的占45.16%,想谈恋爱者占27.10%,105名学生承认自己正在恋爱,占22.58%,对与异性接触和谈恋爱回答无所谓的只占5.38%;有90.75%的学生认为在大学期间需要开展性教育。对于婚前性行为赞成者男生占33.83%,女生占19.70%。寻求解决性相关问题的途径主要为同伴交流,占32.90%,网络或其他（包括资料查询）占21.29%,自我压抑占20.65%,咨询父母占15.27%,心理咨询占7.96%,求助老师占4.09%。结论男生性行为上主动性和开放性明显高于女生,学生性知识来源以学校为主,出现性相关问题寻求解决途径以同伴为主。医学院校应根据学生性健康现状和需求,采取积极有效的策略和方法加强性健康教育。     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族妇女对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗认知情况的调查分析

目的:调查新疆维吾尔族、汉族妇女对宫颈癌、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)及HPV疫苗的相关认知情况,为宫颈癌的防治提供健康教育干预基础,降低宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率,提高广大妇女的保健意识。方法:对新疆地区自愿参与调查的妇女发放维吾尔语和汉语两种语言的调查问卷,统计问卷结果。结果:维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗的知晓率分别为25.0%、8.0%和4.0%,汉族妇女的知晓率分别为35.0%、19.0%和7.0%。维吾尔族、汉族妇女宫颈癌发病高危因素知晓率分别为15.6%和26.5%,做过宫颈涂片检查的比例分别为18.0%和31.0%,做过HPV检查的比例分别为4.5%和11.0%。认知程度与调查对象的文化水平有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。维吾尔族、汉族妇女对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗的认知程度随着文化水平的提高而增高。结论:新疆维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗的知晓率低。新疆是我国宫颈癌高发地区,维吾尔族妇女是新疆地区宫颈癌的高发人群,维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗相关知识缺乏了解。因此提高新疆地区妇女尤其是维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌的预防保健意识,提高对宫颈癌、HPV及HPV疫苗相关知识的认知程度是早期发现子宫颈癌前病变、降低宫颈癌发病率及死亡率的关键。     

新疆宫颈癌高发区维吾尔族人群人乳头瘤病毒亚型的研究

目的 分析人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)各亚型在新疆宫颈癌高发区维吾尔族人群中的分布.方法 通过凯普导流杂交HPV DNA检测法,对新疆墨玉县喀尔赛乡维吾尔族男性尿道分泌物及女性宫颈分泌物(各400例)进行21种HPV亚型的检测.结果 (1)女性HPV感染总阳性率为14.25%,HPV亚型按其出现的频率依次为HPV16、58、39、18、33、52、43、66、CP8304、6、11,其中HPV16在HPV阳性者中比例最高(66.67%).(2)男性HPV总阳性率为8.00%,其中HPV16在HPV阳性者中比例最高(44.44%);HPV亚型按其出现的频率依次为HPV16、43、33、39、6(39和6型并列)、53.(3)夫妻间配对后发现男、女性HPV感染类型不同;女性HPV感染者的配偶中大部分HPV阴性;而男性HPV阳性者的配偶中也大部分HPV阴性.夫妻HPV感染吻合率为7.02%,而男性HPV感染与女性吻合率为9.38%.结论 HPV在新疆维吾尔族人群中的阳性率均较低,但HPV阳性者中高危型HPV尤其是HPV16的构成比高,HPV16是新疆地区维吾尔族人群中流行的主要病毒类型.

Abstract：

Objective To study the distribution of human papilloma virus(HPV)subtypes in Uyghur people from the high risk region of cervical cancer in Xinjiang. Methods 21 subtypes of HPV from 400 cases of men's swabs of penile and 400 cases of women's cervix swabs were detected, using flow-through hybridization and gene chip technology. Results(1)The positive rate of HPV among the 400 women cases was 14.25% ,with HPV16 the most common type. In women whose HPV was positive, the positive rate of HPV16 was 66.67%. The ranking of frequencies on the HPV subtypes in women were: HPV 16, 58,39, 18,33,52,43,66, CP8304, HPV6 and 11.(2)Among the 400 male cases, the positive rate of HPV was 8.00%, with HPV16 the most common type. In men whose HPV was positive, the rate of HPV16 was 44.44%. The ranking of HPV subtypes in men were HPV16, 43, 33, 39, 6(HPV39 and 6 are equivalent)and 53.(3)Both wives and husbands were infected by different subtypes of HPV, the positive rate was relatively low among men whose wife's HPV were positive. However, the HPV positive rate was relatively low among women whose husband's HPV were positive. The concordance infection rate of women and men were 7.02% and the concordance infection rate of men and women were 9.38%. Conclusion The HPV positive rates were relatively low in both men and women living in the region with high risk of cervical cancer in Xinjiang. However, the positive rate of high risk types HPV and HPVI6 in both men and women were relatively high. Uyghur men seemed to have played a certain role related to the carcinogenensis of cervical cancer. HPV16 was the main type in both men and women in Xinjiang.     

喀什地区伽师县克孜勒博依乡维吾尔族女性对宫颈癌知识的调查

目的:探讨宫颈癌高发区喀什地区伽师县克孜勒博依乡维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌有关知识的认知程度。方法:对1 000例新疆喀什地区伽师县克孜勒博依乡维吾尔族妇女进行问卷调查。结果:①1 000例维吾尔族妇女中农民占94.3%,53.3%的妇女以小学文化为主,53.8%的妇女家庭年收入为5 000～10 000元,5 000以下占40.3%。②农村维吾尔族妇女对宫颈癌的相关信息的了解程度很低,当地妇女中91.4%的妇女一生中未做过涂片,当地所有的维吾尔族均不知道HPV有关的任何信息。③宫颈癌知晓率与职业有关,随着文化程度的提高,当地妇女对宫颈癌的知晓率升高。结论:农村维吾尔族对宫颈癌知识的匮乏、缺乏定期体检意识等因素可能导致维吾尔族宫颈癌发病率高的主要原因之一,因此新疆维吾尔族宫颈癌干预中健康教育必不可少。     

新疆宫颈癌高发区维吾尔族人群人乳头瘤病毒亚型的研究

目的 分析人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)各亚型在新疆宫颈癌高发区维吾尔族人群中的分布.方法 通过凯普导流杂交HPV DNA检测法,对新疆墨玉县喀尔赛乡维吾尔族男性尿道分泌物及女性宫颈分泌物(各400例)进行21种HPV亚型的检测.结果 (1)女性HPV感染总阳性率为14.25%,HPV亚型按其出现的频率依次为HPV16、58、39、18、33、52、43、66、CP8304、6、11,其中HPV16在HPV阳性者中比例最高(66.67%).(2)男性HPV总阳性率为8.00%,其中HPV16在HPV阳性者中比例最高(44.44%);HPV亚型按其出现的频率依次为HPV16、43、33、39、6(39和6型并列)、53.(3)夫妻间配对后发现男、女性HPV感染类型不同;女性HPV感染者的配偶中大部分HPV阴性;而男性HPV阳性者的配偶中也大部分HPV阴性.夫妻HPV感染吻合率为7.02%,而男性HPV感染与女性吻合率为9.38%.结论 HPV在新疆维吾尔族人群中的阳性率均较低,但HPV阳性者中高危型HPV尤其是HPV16的构成比高,HPV16是新疆地区维吾尔族人群中流行的主要病毒类型.     

新疆宫颈癌高发区维吾尔族人群人乳头瘤病毒亚型的研究

目的 分析人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)各亚型在新疆宫颈癌高发区维吾尔族人群中的分布.方法 通过凯普导流杂交HPV DNA检测法,对新疆墨玉县喀尔赛乡维吾尔族男性尿道分泌物及女性宫颈分泌物(各400例)进行21种HPV亚型的检测.结果 (1)女性HPV感染总阳性率为14.25%,HPV亚型按其出现的频率依次为HPV16、58、39、18、33、52、43、66、CP8304、6、11,其中HPV16在HPV阳性者中比例最高(66.67%).(2)男性HPV总阳性率为8.00%,其中HPV16在HPV阳性者中比例最高(44.44%);HPV亚型按其出现的频率依次为HPV16、43、33、39、6(39和6型并列)、53.(3)夫妻间配对后发现男、女性HPV感染类型不同;女性HPV感染者的配偶中大部分HPV阴性;而男性HPV阳性者的配偶中也大部分HPV阴性.夫妻HPV感染吻合率为7.02%,而男性HPV感染与女性吻合率为9.38%.结论 HPV在新疆维吾尔族人群中的阳性率均较低,但HPV阳性者中高危型HPV尤其是HPV16的构成比高,HPV16是新疆地区维吾尔族人群中流行的主要病毒类型.     

新疆和田地区维吾尔族男性对宫颈癌及HPV的认知程度的调查

目的:了解和田地区维吾尔族男性对宫颈癌及HPV的认识程度并初步探讨男性在维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌发病过程中的作用,为新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌的防治提供健康教育干预基础。方法:对560名新疆和田地区维吾尔族男性进行有关宫颈癌及HPV相关知识的问卷调查。结果:560例调查对象中知道宫颈癌者180人,占32.14%,知道宫颈癌的好发年龄者60人,占10.71%,所有的调查对象均不知道HPV病毒和HPV是宫颈癌的主要病因,仅有26人知道宫颈癌的高危因素,占4.64%,认为妻子没有必要检查者332人,占59.29%,74.29%的调查对象不知道定期检查的意义,愿意妻子定期做妇检者412人,占73.57%。对宫颈癌的认知程度与调查对象的文化层次有关,随着文化层次的提高,对宫颈癌的认知程度提高。结论:维吾尔族男性对宫颈癌及HPV相关知识匮乏,因此提高维吾尔族男性对宫颈癌相关知识的认知程度及文化素质,开展有效的健康教育在维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌的防治工作中是非常必要的。     

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and subsequent sexual behaviour: Evidence from a large survey of Nordic women

Objective

To assess whether recipients and non-recipients of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine subsequently differ in terms of sexual risk taking behaviour.

Design

Cross-sectional survey. Sequential analyses constructed from self-reported age at vaccination, age at first intercourse and age at response.

Setting

A random selection of women aged 18–46 years living in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in 2011–2012, eligible for opportunistic or organized catch-up HPV vaccination.

Participants

A total of 3805 women reported to have received the HPV vaccine and 40,247 reported not to have received it. Among vaccinees, 1539 received the HPV vaccine before or at the same age as sexual debut, of which 476 and 1063 were eligible for organized catch-up and opportunistic vaccination, respectively.

Main outcome measures

Self-reported sexual behaviour, compared by hazard ratios and odds ratios for women who received the HPV vaccine before or at the same age as sexual debut versus women who did not receive the HPV vaccine.

Results

HPV vaccination did not result in younger age at first intercourse. Women who received the HPV vaccine before or at the same age as sexual debut did not have more sexual partners than did non-vaccinees. Non-use of contraception during first intercourse was more common among non-vaccinees than among HPV vaccinees. The results were similar for organized catch-up and opportunistic vaccinees.

Conclusion

Women who received the HPV vaccine before or at the same age as sexual debut did not subsequently engage more in sexual risk taking behaviour than women who did not receive the HPV vaccine.     

Human papillomavirus vaccination and sexual behaviour: cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys conducted in England

Objective

To examine whether HPV vaccination influences sexual behaviour in adolescent girls, either by giving them a ‘green light’ to have sex, or because perceived protection afforded by the vaccine permits compensatory risky sexual behaviour.

Design

Cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys.

Setting

Seven English schools.

Main outcome measures

Self-reported sexual behaviour.

Participants

The cross-sectional survey included 1053 girls (mean age 17.1 years) who had (n = 433 recruited in March 2010) or had not (n = 620 recruited in March 2009) been offered the HPV vaccine. The longitudinal survey included 407 girls (mean age 17.5 years) who had been offered HPV vaccination and had either received at least one dose (n = 148) or had not received any doses (n = 259).

Results

In the cross-sectional survey, the group of girls who had been offered the HPV vaccine were no more likely to be sexually active than the group of girls who had not been offered the HPV vaccine. In the longitudinal survey, the vaccinated group were no more likely to have changed their condom use or increased their total number of sexual partners than the unvaccinated group.

Conclusions

Neither being offered the HPV vaccine nor receiving it affected sexual behaviour.     

The sexual health needs of sexual minority women in Western Kenya: An exploratory community assessment and public policy analysis

ABSTRACT

Sexual health and rights are a core feature of human development. Yet, most work on sexual health and wellbeing in the Global South and elsewhere has historically focused on heterosexual, cisgender people, as well as sexual minority cisgender men and transgender women. This exploratory study includes an analysis of comments made during a facilitated community forum and an examination of the sociopolitical and legal environment relevant to sexual minority women’s health in Kenya. Through analysis of the group discussion hosted by a sexual minority women’s group, we identified multiple sexual health-related issues, including concerns related to healthcare access, healthy sexual relationships, economic instability, and freedom from violence. Based on issues identified by the forum, we conducted an analysis of law and policy in the areas of community need. The legal and policy analysis indicated that the public policy and health policy context is complicated by the presence of hostile laws regarding same-sex sexuality, an absence of economic policies to protect women, and yet some existing health policy inclusive of sexual and gender minorities that nonetheless render sexual minority women invisible. The findings indicate a need for focus on public opinion, health services, legislation, and health policy as sites of intervention.     

Inappropriate client sexual behaviour in occupational therapy

The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence and nature of inappropriate client sexual behaviour (ICSB) in occupational therapy practice in New South Wales, Australia. The effects of ICSB on therapists, and the perception of it as sexual harassment, as well as responses to ICSB were also explored. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to a random stratified sample of occupational therapists. Results indicate that ICSB, although often not perceived as sexual harassment, does occur in occupational therapy practice. About half of the therapists exposed to ICSB reported negative consequences, primarily negative effects on work performance and psychological stress. Commonly, therapists responded to an incident of ICSB by discussing it with the client, although many chose to ignore it. Most respondents attribute the behaviour to pathological disease-oriented factors. This area of occupational therapy practice requires further research, particularly in terms of factors that influence the prevalence and perception of the behaviour. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.     

贵阳市2015-2019年农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查情况分析

目的 了解贵阳市2015-2019年农村妇女宫颈癌和乳腺癌（简称“两癌”）筛查状况,为“两癌”的筛查模式和防治对策提供科学依据。 方法 提取妇幼重大公共卫生项目信息直报系统数据,对贵阳市2015-2019年“两癌”筛查数据进行分析。 结果 2015-2019年贵阳市接受宫颈癌筛查的妇女共计240 074例,分别检出CIN1、CIN2和CIN3、宫颈癌为343例、398例和55例,检出率分别为142.87/10万、165.78/10万和22.91/10万。各年份仅CIN1的检出率差异有统计学意义（x2=25.664, P ＜0.001）;接受乳腺癌筛查的妇女共15 791例,检出乳腺癌9例,检出率为56.99/10万,各年份检出率无统计学差异（x2=2.897, P =0.575）。 结论 贵阳市宫颈癌和乳腺癌检出率水平总体较高,一方面应继续鼓励更多的农村妇女参与“两癌”筛查,知晓筛查的重要性;另一方面要加强对农村妇女的健康宣教,提高对“两癌”防治知识的知晓率,做到“三早”预防以降低“两癌”的发病率和死亡率,保护妇女健康。     

2014-2016年贵州省农村妇女宫颈癌检查项目结果分析

目的 分析贵州省农村妇女宫颈癌检查项目结果,了解项目实施情况。方法 通过妇幼重大公共卫生项目信息直报系统,对贵州省2014-2016年农村妇女宫颈癌检查项目的数据进行分析。结果 2014-2016年实际检查人数1 472 421例,检查率为100.32%,其中2016年检查率100.33%(491 597/490 000),高于2014年100.07%(490 361/490 000)和2015年100.09%(490 463/490 000)。3年共检查出生殖道感染455 493人次,检出率为30.93/100人次(455 493/1 472 421);组织病理学应查12 487人次,实查11 079人次,宫颈病理检查随访率88.72%(11 079/12 487)。2015和2016年的宫颈低级别病变的检出率均低于宫颈高级别病变的检出率。结论 2014-2016项目的检查率在逐步提高,但是,我们要重视生殖道感染患病情况,完善初筛检查方式,提高病理诊断能力,加强阳性的追踪管理。