翼管的多层螺旋CT影像解剖学研究

目的探讨正常翼管在多层螺旋CT(MSCT)及其重组图像上的影像解剖学特点和临床应用价值。方法对60例健康成年人和40例颌面部外伤病人(病变未波及翼管)进行MSCT颌面部轴位薄层螺旋扫描后,进行后处理重建,包括多平面重组(MPR)和容积显示(VR),并对三维图像进行旋转、切割及测量。结果翼管的形态、走行及其周围毗邻结构可在MSCT轴位扫描图像、MPR及VR三维切割图像中得到全面、清晰、立体直观的显示。结论多层螺旋CT二维及三维重建图像相结合可清晰、立体直观的认识翼管及其周围邻近骨性结构。     

多层螺旋CT及其后处理技术在关节内骨折中的应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)及其后处理技术在关节内骨折诊断中的应用价值以及在评价关节面损伤细节方面的意义。方法:收集89例关节内骨折病人,均行X线平片及MSCT检查,并将MSCT容积扫描数据传至工作站,进行多平面重建(MPR)二维重建和容积再现(VR)三维重建。比较X线平片、MSCT及后处理图像对关节内骨折诊断的灵敏度以及对关节面损伤的细节评价。结果:MSCT轴位及MPR、VR图像诊断关节内骨折的灵敏度明显高于X线平片(P<0.0001)。在显示关节面断裂方面,MPR与X线平片、轴位CT及VR比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);在显示关节面塌陷方面,MPR及VR明显优于X线平片及轴位CT(P<0.0001);在显示关节内碎骨片方面,MPR及VR重建优于X线平片及轴位CT(P<0.05);在显示关节脱位方面,MPR及VR重建明显优于X线平片及轴位CT(P<0.01)。结论:尽管在骨关节损伤中,X线平片是首选的影像检查方法,但对不能肯定或排除关节内骨折的病人,应行MSCT检查,以提高诊断的正确性,避免误诊和漏诊。MSCT后处理技术可以有效评价关节内骨折及关节面损伤的细节,对关节内骨折的治疗有重要的指导意义。     

颞颌关节紊乱综合征上腔造影影像与临床症状对比分析

自1944年Norgaard首先报告颞下颌关节造影术(TMJ Arthrography)并于1947年发表专著以来[1],颞下颌关节造影术得到了较广泛推广和应用.近年来虽然CT、MR等已应用于颞下颌关节紊乱综合征(Temporomandibular joint disturbance syndrome,TMJDS)的诊断,但CT检查不能清楚地显示关节盘,MR虽能显示关节盘的形态、大小、位置,却不能明确关节盘有无穿孔及穿孔的位置和程度[2],故TM造影检查仍是TMJDS诊断的重要方法.     

MRI动态扫描技术在颞下颌关节紊乱中的应用价值

目的 探讨颞下颌关节紊乱应用MRI动态扫描技术的临床价值。方法 选取本院收治的46例(62只关节颞下颌关节紊乱患者临床资料,行MRI常规扫描及动态扫描。对比常规扫描与动态扫描诊断符合率。结果 常规扫描与动态扫描诊断符合率依次是100.00%、95.65%(P> 0.05)。关节盘位置正常16例(34.78%)、可复性关节盘前移位15例(32.61%)、不可复性关节盘前移位10例(21.74%)、关节盘内移位3例(6.52%)、关节盘外移位2例(4.35%)。MRI动态图像能够清晰观察到关节盘位置、厚度、形态改变以及关节积液情况。结论 颞下颌关节紊乱患者开展MRI动态扫描技术能够准确提示疾病发展期间关节厚度、形态和位置改变情况,还可同时发现关节盘及髁突相对运动异常,关节盘在开闭口过程中变形情况,更好地观察关节活动度改变。     

螺旋CT横断扫描及重建对肩关节创伤的临床应用研究

目的:探讨螺旋CT横断扫描及重建技术(SSD、MPR)在肩关节创伤中的临床应用价值及技术特点。方法:回顾性分析我院收治经X线、CT、SSD和MPR证实的肩关节外伤57例及正常对照组40例。SSD和MPR以横断面螺旋CT扫描图像为基础,层厚3-5mm,螺距1-1.5,重建间距1-2mm。结果:SSD、MPR图像质量与扫描参数的选择及重建间距密切相关,SSD及MPR图像均能更好地显示骨折,并可立体地显示骨折线的长短、形态、走向,碎骨片的形态、大小、空间位置以及骨折的移位和关节对位情况。结论:螺旋CT扫描及重建技术对肩关节的骨折、脱位或半脱位可提供有价值的空间关系信息,利于临床医师选择治疗方案和制订手术计划。     

尸体标本腹腔神经丛:十六层CT图像后处理分析

目的:探讨多层螺旋C T图像后处理在尸体标本腹腔神经节显示中的应用价值.材料和方法:对6具成人尸体标本进行解剖,确定胰腺周围腹腔神经节及神经丛主支的位置和形态,并对其大小进行测量,用碘海醇对其进行涂抹标记,还原尸体各脏器的位置,进行十六层螺旋CT容积扫描,将扫描后的容积数据传至工作站进行图像后处理.在影像上所测结果与尸体解剖比较.结果:6具成人尸体标本腹腔神经节和神经丛主支均位于T12至L1的上缘之间,腹腔神经节多为薄片型,结节型或长条型少见;CT图像与尸体解剖观测一致.腹腔神经节的大小在尸体解剖测量左、右侧上下径分别为16.93±5.16mm和11.98±5.48mm,横径分别为20.02±10.13mm和24.75±10.97mm,厚度分别为2.83±0.45mm和2.08±0.46mm.CT图像后处理MPR影像左、右侧上下径分别为16.42±6.38mm和11.70±2.72mm,横径分别为21.40±7.22mm和23.53±7.21mm,厚度分别为2.75±1.08mm和2.18±0.44mm.VRT影像测量左、右侧上下径分别为17.10±5.42mm和12.25±3.68mm,横径分别为21.92±8.21mm和25.13±6.41mm,厚度分别为2.90±1.12mm和2.28±0.50mm.统计学分析尸体标本与图像后处理影像上的MPR和VRT两组数据测量值间无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:多层螺旋CT图像后处理技术,能在尸体上准确地、立体地显示腹腔神经节及神经丛主支的位置、形态和大小,为临床腹腔神经丛的扫描奠定了基础.     

多层螺旋CT后处理技术在脊柱外伤中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)后处理技术在脊柱外伤诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾分析44例脊柱外伤病例,均行16层螺旋CT检查后,传输到工作站进行MPR、SVR成像,并与2D图像进行比较。结果MPR、SVR图像清晰、直观显示骨折线的部位、形态,断端移位情况及空间关系,MPR图像能观察细小骨折,准确判断关节脱位。结论MPR及SVR重建图像是2D图像的重要补充,三者的有效结合,为脊柱外伤提供了丰富的空间结构信息,对治疗方案的选择及预后的估计有重要价值。     

腭鞘管骨性结构的MSCT影像解剖学观测

目的 探讨正常腭鞘管在多层螺旋CT(MSCT)及其重组图像上的影像解剖学特点和临床应用价值.资料与方法 对40名健康成年人和30例颌面部外伤患者及30例行颌面颈部CTA检查的患者(病变未累及腭鞘管)进行MSCT颌面部轴位薄层螺旋扫描后行后处理重组,主要为多平面重组(MPR).结果 腭鞘管及其毗邻结构在MSCT轴位、MPR冠状位、矢状位及曲面重组(CPR)得到全面、直观地显示.MSCT轴位像上腭鞘管的形态稳定,位于翼腭窝后方及翼管前口内方,呈三角形,其夹角为(31.3 ±3.1)°.MPR冠状位像上腭鞘管形态呈多样性,主要为圆形(17.0%)、椭圆形(30.7%)、三角形(40.0%).腭鞘管下壁自前向后逐渐由完整向程度不等的骨性缺损过渡.MPR矢状位腭鞘管呈三角形或裂隙状.CPR可直观显示其与翼腭窝、翼管、圆孔、蝶腭孔、翼上颌裂,翼腭管,腭大小管的交通情况.结论 MSCT可清晰、直观地显示腭鞘管及其周围毗邻骨性结构.     

骨性胸廓损伤的螺旋CT诊断

目的：探讨螺旋CT扫描在骨性胸郭损伤中的临床诊断价值。方法：对42例胸部外伤的患者行螺旋CT扫描，准直宽度3～5mm，螺距1～1．5，重建间隔2～3mm，利用工作站对原始数据进行多平面重建(MPR)及表面遮盖法三维重建(SSD)，观察骨性胸廓损伤的程度。结果：42例中共有79处骨折，轴位图像显示77处，MPR图像显示79处，SSD显示71处骨折。MPR图像上可清楚显示骨折的部位、形态，SSD图像立体结构显示良好，病变整体形态与周围结构的关系能从不同位置和角度得以观察。结论：MPR和SSD图像在空间关系的显示上有明显优势，对临床治疗方式的选择有重要的指导作用。     

CT多平面重组技术测量骨性鼻泪管的优势

目的比较CT多平面重组技术与常规CT轴位图像测量单侧先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿骨性鼻泪管不同位置的径线。探寻两种测量方法各自的优势。方法回顾性分析18例泪道探通手术失败的单侧先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿的CT检查。常规应用CT轴位图像测量骨性鼻泪管高度,起始段、中段及末段骨性鼻泪管的横径、垂直径;再经过CT多平面重组技术调整测量角度后测量上述径线。同时对比患侧及健侧的结果。结果 CT轴位图像测量法与MPR测量方法高度差异明显(P0.01),两种测量法的起始段、中段及末段骨性鼻泪管垂直径相互间差异明显(P0.01),横径测量结果显示,患侧末段有差异(P0.01),余各测量部分差异不明显(P0.05),并且MPR测量法可以观察到鼻泪管的弯曲走形、开口情况,两种方法都可以明确的观察到患侧较健侧各径线明显增大,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论与常规CT轴位图像测量方法相比较,CT多平面重组技术对骨性鼻泪管形态、走形更为全面,测量结果更可信,但对诊断准确性没有影响。     

MSCT多平面及曲面重组技术诊断急性阑尾炎

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)多平面及曲面重组(MPR/CPR)技术在急性阑尾炎诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:25例临床资料完整的急性阑尾炎患者行CT平扫,16例加CT增强扫描。采用10mm层厚、层距,一次屏气下行全腹部CT扫描,将原始横断面CT图像用2.5mm层厚、1.25mm间隔重叠50%重建,获得轴面源像(ASI),然后将ASI像传输至后处理工作站,用Reformat软件行MPR,获得冠状面、矢状面及任意斜面MPR阑尾图像,在MPR基础上,再沿阑尾走行方向管腔中心划曲线,将沿曲线轨迹分布的体素重组,获得CPR阑尾图像。结果:MPR/CPR阑尾成像成功率为100%,图像直观,能清晰地显示急性阑尾炎及其并发症,诊断正确率达96%(24/25)。结论:MPR/CPR技术可获得良好的阑尾图像,能直观地显示阑尾全貌,诊断准确率高。     

多层螺旋CT多平面及三维重建对骨盆骨折的诊断价值

目的:讨论MSCT多平面重建(MPR)及三维容积再现(VR)诊断骨盆骨折的临床价值。方法:MSCT行骨盆扫描32例,重建层厚1.25mm,间隔0.6mm,将数据传至工作站,行MPR及VR处理,并对横断面图像及重建图像进行回顾性分析。结果:32例骨盆骨折患者共发现骨折59处。MPR图像可清楚显示骨折线及细小骨碎片,但不能显示三维空间关系,VR图像可以从各个方位准确显示表面骨结构的空间改变,但对细小无移位的骨折线显示不佳。结论:多层螺旋CT多平面及三维重建相结合能够清晰立体地显示骨盆骨折的全部细节,对临床制定治疗方案具有重要的参考价值。     

Magnetic resonance images of patients with temporomandibular disorders: Prevalence and correlation between disk morphology and displacement

Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). There were 218 TMJ of 109 assessed patients; 88 were females and 21 males, and all were diagnosed as symptomatic for temporomandibular disorder. The articular disc positions were classified in the normal position and with anterior disc displacement with and without reduction. Regarding the morphology, the discs were classified as follows: biconcave (normal), biplanar, rounded, biconvex, folded, thickening in the posterior band, thickening in the anterior band and hemiconvex. The results indicated that females were the most affected by morphological changes of the articular disc (p = 0.008/Cramer's V = 0.295). There was no statistical significance when correlating the disc morphology with the sides (right and left). There was a significant correlation between the position and morphology of the articular disc (p < 0.001/Cramer's V = 0.609), and in the normal position of the discs presenting biplanar and biconcave morphologies. In TMJ with anterior displacement of the disc with reduction (ADDR), there was a greater correlation with rounded, hemiconvex and biconvex morphologies. Already in the TMJ with displacement without reduction (ADDWR), there was a higher prevalence of folded discs. It can be concluded that morphological changes in the disc are influenced by the type of displacement, and more serious deformations are associated with ADDWR cases.     

MSCT后处理技术对月骨周围脱位的诊断价值

目的：探讨MSCT多平面重组（MPR）和容积再现（VR）技术在月骨周围脱位诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析14例月骨周围脱位患者的MPR及VR影像资料。结果：MPR及VR重组图像清晰显示14例月骨周围脱位及伴随19处骨折;MPR显示月骨周围脱位位置明确,骨折线显示清晰,VR显示脱位图像直观、立体感强,脱位的空间位置及骨碎片移位情况比MPR更清晰。结论：MPR、VR可为诊断月骨周围脱位提供重要信息。     

正常成人膝关节交叉韧带的MSCT与MRI对照研究

目的:探讨膝关节交叉韧带多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在解剖学研究和临床应用的可行性。方法:分别对48侧正常成人(20～45岁)的膝关节进行MSCT及核磁共振(MRI)检查,观察交叉韧带在MRI及MSCT不同成像平面上的显示程度。在MSCT和MRI图像上分别测量前交叉韧带(ACL)和后交叉韧带(PCL)的相关参数值,并进行统计学分析。结果:MSCT对交叉韧带的显示程度同MRI一致,MSCT容积再现(VR)图像上显示ACL、PCL在走行过程中发生了扭转,在ACL附着于胫骨处及PCL附着于股骨处可见韧带分束表现。正常成人ACL长度、前交叉韧带与胫骨平台夹角(AT角)、ACL与胫骨平台相交率、PCL长度、PCL角及PCL指数(PI)MSCT测量值与MRI测量值之间无显著差异(P0.05);而ACL、PCL附着于股骨及胫骨的长度MSCT测量值和MRI测量值之间有显著差异(P0.01)。ACL长度、PCL长度分别和年龄数据进行相关性分析,数据之间均无相关性(P0.05)。结论:MSCT多平面重建(MPR)结合容积再现(VR)重建是一种新的显示交叉韧带的有价值的工具,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

MSCT及MPR技术在肠梗阻诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨MSCT及多平面重组技术(MPR)在肠梗阻诊断中的应用价值。方法:对拟诊肠梗阻的189例患者行MSCT动态增强扫描,将薄层容积扫描数据,在工作站行后处理,分别对肠梗阻的病因、部位及程度作出诊断,然后与术后病理结果逐一对照。比较单独观察横断面图像与横断面结合MPR图像诊断肠梗阻的诊断符合率,2种方法的诊断一致性及肠梗阻诊断的信心指数评分。结果:在单独观察横断面图像与横断面结合MPR图像诊断肠梗阻时,诊断符合率分别为91.1%和95.6%,两者间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.14,P>0.05),但诊断一致性进一步提高(K值分别为0.61、0.76),2种方法间信心指数评分差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:单独观察横断面图像与横断面结合MPR诊断肠梗阻符合率间差异无统计学意义,但利用MPR技术能够增加肠梗阻的诊断信心,并可使不同阅片者间诊断一致性增加。MPR技术是肠梗阻诊断的重要补充方法。     

Width of the articular cartilage of the hip: quantification by using fat-suppression spin-echo MR imaging in cadavers.

OBJECTIVE. Use of MR imaging to measure the width of the articular cartilage has not been thoroughly investigated. The value of a selective fat-suppression spin-echo sequence in the quantitative assessment of articular cartilage of the hip was studied in cadavers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sagittal and coronal images were acquired in 10 cadaveric hips (age range at time of death, 62-81 years). On the coronal and sagittal MR images that were closest to the center of the femoral head, marks were placed every 30 degrees, with the midpoint of the femoral head used as a reference. Cartilage thickness was measured in 123 resulting locations. Sixty-three positions included both femoral and acetabular cartilages, and 60 positions included femoral cartilage without an acetabular counterpart. The findings were compared with corresponding anatomic sections. RESULTS. For the 60 locations containing only femoral cartilage, significant correlation between MR and anatomic sections was found (Pearson correlation coefficient = .34, p = .0089). Of the 63 locations containing both femoral and acetabular cartilages, the two cartilage layers could be differentiated on the MR images in 50 locations. In these 50, the MR and anatomic measurements of the femoral cartilage correlated significant (r = .58, p less than or equal to .0001). Measurements of the acetabular cartilage in these 50 locations yielded no significant correlation (r = .25, p = .08). When the entire cartilage (femoral plus acetabular) was measured in all 63 locations, the correlation between MR and anatomic measurements was .29 (p = .02). The correlation coefficients obtained in this investigation indicate considerable scattering of the data. CONCLUSION. Our results show that measurements of articular cartilage thickness of the hip on fat-suppression spin-echo MR images are not sufficiently accurate to be of clinical value.     

肘关节内损伤的多层螺旋CT应用价值

目的:探讨肘关节内损伤的多层螺旋CT应用价值,并对不同重组方法的应用进行分析.方法:46例肘关节损伤患者全部行薄层螺旋CT横断面扫描,扫描完成后分别行SSD、VR、MPR(包括曲面重组)三维重组.分析比较几种重组图像对肘关节骨折及脱位的显示效果.结果:46例(66处)肘关节创伤包括除肱骨内髁骨折外的所有部位的骨折.其中9处X线平片阴性.SSD和VR重组图像立体、直观地显示肘关节损伤程度,VR在显示关节面的损伤形态和关节内游离体的位置上意义更大,而图像质量、图像的立体效果均优于SSD.MPR又进一步多角度地显示骨折线的走行及关节面受累程度.曲面重组技术则排除了肘被动屈曲的影响,直观显示肘关节的损伤情况.2 例裂纹骨折的诊断提示了超薄层CT横断图像的应用价值.结论:多层螺旋CT对肘关节骨折、脱位诊断清楚,特别是复杂骨折的显示,为临床明确诊断、确定治疗方案提供可靠而直观的信息.     

An approach for three-dimensional visualization using high-resolution MRI of the temporomandibular joint

OBJECTIVES: To visualize the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the surrounding tissues in detail utilizing high-resolution MR images for the diagnosis of soft- and hard-tissue abnormalities. Clinically routine MR slices are processed by tissue segmentation and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and viewed with visualization software. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 1.5 T MRI system was used. The double-echo procedure for taking oblique sagittal images was applied to obtain both proton density-weighted (PDW) and T2 weighted (T2W) images simultaneously, with separate examinations in both open and closed mouth positions. Diagnosis of the abnormality in the placement and morphology of articular discs and the joint effusion status is usually performed using multiple MRI slices. Clinically routine continuous MR slices were processed by segmentation, reconstruction and visualization algorithms, and the mandibular condyle, fossa, articular disc and other intra-articular tissues were visualized on the 3D and two-dimensional (2D)-3D fusion images. RESULTS: In a clinical case, the anterior disc displacement without reduction, with mouth open and closed, was clearly depicted in the 3D images. Also 2D-3D superposed images with changeable tissue transparency successfully depicted the stereoscopic TMJ morphology in three dimensions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: High-resolution PDW- and T2W MR images could be processed by tissue segmentation and 3D-reconstruction procedures, and the resultant images showed the anatomical details in an easily recognizable way. By the simultaneous visualization of both bony surfaces and soft tissues, disc displacement and deformity can be recognized in a 3D context. The additional superposition of the 3D visualization with the original 2D MR slices allows for a combination with conventional diagnostics.