超声测量门静脉直径对预测肝硬变食管静脉曲张出血的意义

目的探讨测量门静脉直径为预测肝硬变食管静脉曲张破裂出血的意义。方法通过B型超声诊断仪测量 141例肝硬变患者的门静脉直径 ,结合胃镜所见 ,分析门静脉直径与门脉高压与食管静脉曲张破裂出血的关系。结果门静脉直径≤ 13mm者 ,门脉高压发生率 4.9% ,出血发生率 12 .2 % ;14～ 16mm者门脉高压发生率 74.7% ,出血发生率 2 0 .5 % ;17～ 2 4mm者门脉高压发生率 10 0 % ,出血发生率 2 9.4%。结论门静脉直径越大 ,门脉高压发生率越高 ,出血危险性越大。提示B型超声测量门静脉直径是诊断门脉高压 ,预测食管静脉曲张破裂出血的一种简便无创的检查方法     

内镜下套扎、硬化剂及组织胶栓塞联合治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床研究

目的研究内镜下套扎、硬化剂及组织胶栓塞联合治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的临床效果。方法采用回顾性分析方法,研究对象为2018年1月至2019年6月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的220例食管胃底静脉曲张出血患者。根据不同治疗方式分为对照组(n=100)和研究组(n=120)。对照组单用内镜下套扎治疗,研究组联用内镜下套扎、硬化剂及组织胶栓塞联合治疗。比较2组患者术前、术后3 d静脉曲张严重程度、疼痛评分、食管静脉曲张直径、门静脉宽度、脾静脉宽度与治疗后止血成功率、早期再出血率和迟发性再出血率。结果2组患者术前静脉曲张严重程度、疼痛评分、食管静脉曲张直径、门静脉宽度、脾静脉宽度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者术后3 d中重度静脉曲张率、疼痛评分、食管静脉曲张直径、门静脉宽度、脾静脉宽度较术前明显降低(P<0.05);研究组术后3 d中重度静脉曲张率、疼痛评分、食管静脉曲张直径、门静脉宽度、脾静脉宽度、早期再出血率、迟发性再出血率较对照组更低,止血成功率较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论食管胃底静脉曲张出血治疗中内镜下套扎、硬化剂及组织胶栓塞联合应用效果显著,可有效减轻患者静脉曲张严重程度及疼痛,降低再出血率。     

大剂量生长抑素治疗食管胃底静脉曲张出血的疗效观察

正食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血是消化科常见危急症,死亡率高。生长抑素及其类似物可降低门静脉压力和减少门静脉血流,有效控制消化道活动性出血[1-3]。本科自2013年应用大剂量生长抑素治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血,疗效满意,现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选择本院2013年1月—2016年2月食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的住院患者71例,男50例,女21例,年龄24~83岁。所有患者均经胃镜确     

食管胃底静脉破裂出血病人的观察和护理

肝硬变伴肝内门静脉梗阻和门静脉高压是引起食管、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的最常见原因［１］。食管、胃底静脉曲张并发破裂出血,其出血量大,危及生命。我科自从１９９３年４月～１９９６年１２月共收治门静脉高压症并发食管、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血２０例。现将急救与护理...     

B型超声显像预测肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血

本文采用Ｂ型超声诊断仪探测了１８６例肝炎后肝硬化患者肝门静脉和脾静脉直径。结果发现：肝硬化出血组肝门静脉直径和脾静脉直径分别为１．６８±０．２３ｃｍ和１．２４±０．１８ｃｍ，均大于肝硬化非出血组的１．３２±０．２１ｃｍ和１．０２±０．２２ｃｍ，两组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ均＜０．０５）；肝门静脉直径和脾静脉直径与肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血率均呈显著性正相关关系（Ｐ均＜０．００１）。门静脉直径≥１．６ｃｍ、脾静脉直径≥１．１ｃｍ，可作为预测出血危险的参考指标。我们认为，Ｂ型超声显像测定肝门静脉和脾静脉可作为预测食管静脉曲张破裂出血危险性的安全有效的方法。     

38例肝硬化并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血诱因分析及护理对策

食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血是肝硬化的一种严重并发症和主要死亡原因，其出血特点为出血量较大、来势迅猛、病情凶险。门静脉压力增高是其根本原因。在临床工作中，笔者发现曲张静脉破裂出血常存在一定诱因。因此，寻找诱因预防消化道出血是本病种患者重要的健康护理问题。现对我院2000年3月-2004年3月收治的38例肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者进行分析，并提出针对性的护理措施，报告如下。     

脾脏长径在无创性预测肝硬化高危食管曲张静脉出血中的临床价值

目的 研究门静脉、脾静脉内径和脾脏长径与肝硬化高危食管静脉曲张的关系及其临床价值.方法 回顾性分析望江县人民医院78例肝硬化合并食管静脉曲张住院患者的临床资料.出血组38例,非出血组40例.所有患者均行内镜确诊为食管静脉曲张.收集患者的一般资料、病因、Child-Pugh分值、肝功能生化指标（凝血酶原时间、白蛋白和胆红素水平）、是否出现腹水情况、是否有红色征,B超检测肝门静脉内径、脾静脉内径和脾脏直径.结果 两组间在红色征、肝门静脉内径、脾静脉内径和脾脏直径方面差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）,出血组明显高于非出血组.结论 肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者门静脉、脾静脉内径和脾脏长径明显增高,作为一种无创性检查指标,脾脏长径对于高危食管曲张静脉的诊断有一定的预测价值,有助于早期识别需行一级预防的肝硬化患者.     

超声检测门静脉、脾静脉内径和脾脏厚度对判断食管静脉曲张程度的临床价值

超声检测门静脉、脾静脉内径和脾脏厚度对判断食管静脉曲张程度的临床价值叶新华汤敏杨庭才胡安宁为了探讨Ｂ超检测门静脉内径、脾静脉内径和脾脏厚度与食管静脉曲张程度之间的关系及临床价值，我们回顾了１９８４年以来Ｂ超明确诊断肝硬变门脉高压症患者，与食管钡餐Ｘ...     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张程度门脾静脉内径及Child-Pugh分级的关系

目的 探讨肝硬化食管静脉曲张程度与门脾静脉内径、肝功能Child-Pugh分级间的关系.方法 对2007年1月-2010年1月间56例肝硬化患者行增强CT,测量门静脉主十及脾门部脾静脉直径,采用Child-Pugh分级标准进行肝功能分级,并行胃镜了解食管静脉曲张的程度.结果 食管静脉曲张程度与门、脾静脉内径呈正相关,而...     

多普勒超声检测肝硬化门静脉和脾静脉血流量的临床意义

目的：本研究旨在探讨多普勒超声检测脾静脉血流量大于门静脉血流量与肝硬化门静脉系统食管胃底静脉曲张及其破裂出血的关系。方法：对５８例肝硬化患者门脉系统血流进行彩色多普勒血流检测,其中３０例患者脾静脉血流量大于门静脉血流量（即ＱＳＶ＞ＱＰＶ）,２８例患者门静脉血流量大于脾静脉血流量（即ＱＰＶ＞ＱＳＶ）,所有患者均在三个月内同时或先后进行电子胃镜及上消化道造影检查,确定食管胃底静脉曲张或破裂出血的发生率。结果：ＱＳＶ＞ＱＰＶ组的脾静脉血流量、脾静脉直径、脾脏厚度均大于ＱＰＶ＞ＱＳＶ组的测值,而其门静脉直径及血流量均小于ＱＰＶ＞ＱＳＶ组的测值。经电子胃镜及上消化道造影检查证实,ＱＳＶ＞ＱＰＶ组患者食管胃底静脉曲张发生率及曲张静脉破裂出血率均较ＱＰＶ＞ＱＳＶ组明显增高。结论：脾静脉血流量超过门静脉血流量与食管胃底静脉曲张及其破裂出血有密切关系。一旦多普勒超声检测出现脾静脉血流量高于门静脉血流量这一血流动力学改变,则预示肝硬化患者多有门－体侧支循环开放,即静脉曲张,并有破裂出血倾向。     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者门静脉血流参数的变化

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声预测肝硬化门静脉高压症(cirrhotic portal hypertension)患者食管静脉曲张破裂出血的应用价值.方法 肝硬化门静脉高压症患者81例,根据有无出血史分为出血组(36例),非出血组(45例).应用彩色多普勒超声分别检测两组的门静脉(pv)和脾静脉(sv)内径(Dpv、Dsv)、血流动力学参数并进行对比分析.结果 门静脉和脾静脉的内径、血流速度(Vpv、Vsv)及脾静脉的血流量(Qsv)在两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但门静脉血流量(Qpv)在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 彩色多普勒超声检测肝硬化门静脉高压症患者门静脉和脾静脉内径及血流动力学参数,对预测肝硬化门静脉高压时食管静脉曲张破裂出血是有价值的.     

经脾穿刺组织胶栓塞胃冠状静脉联合脾栓塞治疗上消化道出血的疗效分析

目的:探讨经脾穿刺应用组织胶栓塞胃冠状静脉(GCVE)联合部分脾动脉栓塞(PSE)治疗上消化道急性出血的安全性及有效性.方法:回顾性分析125例行GCVE结合PSE术治疗消化道出血的临床资料,比较手术前后的门静脉系统流体力学变化、食管-胃底静脉曲张改善程度、术后即刻止血疗效、再发出血率及并发症情况.结果:125例消化道...     

Portal hypertension

Portal hypertension is a frequent syndrome characterized by a chronic increase in portal venous pressure and by the formation of portal-systemic collaterals. Its main consequence is massive bleeding from ruptured esophageal and gastric varices. Bleeding is promoted by increased portal and variceal pressure, and is favored by dilatation of the varices. The evaluation of the portal hypertensive patient should include the assessment of portal vein patency by ultrasonography, endoscopic evaluation of the presence, size, and extent of esophageal varices, and hemodynamic studies with measurements of portal pressure and of portal-collateral blood flow. The preferred techniques are hepatic vein catheterization and measurement of azygos blood flow. Endoscopic measurements of variceal pressure and estimations of portal blood velocity by the Doppler technique have recently been introduced, but are still research procedures. Acute variceal hemorrhage should be treated under intensive care. Specific therapy to arrest variceal bleeding includes balloon tamponade, vasopressin, somatostatin, sclerotherapy, and emergency surgery. Treatment of portal hypertension is aimed at preventing variceal hemorrhage and bleeding-related deaths. Pharmacologic prophylaxis is based on the use of drugs that cause a sustained reduction in portal pressure; most studies have used propranolol. Surgery and endoscopic sclerotherapy can also be used to prevent rebleeding.     

Evaluation of serum aminoterminal procollagen type III propeptide as an index of portal hypertension and esophageal varices in chronic liver diseases

The concentration of the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P-III-P) was determined in serum of cubital vein and hepatic vein of patients with various types of chronic liver diseases (n = 111) and correlated with the portal venous pressure and with the degree of esophageal varices. The P-III-P level in all chronic liver diseases was correlated (rS 0.542, p less than 0.001) with the portal venous pressure, but in liver fibrotic subjects (n = 29) this correlation (rS 0.310) was not significant, in liver cirrhosis (n = 30) the respective correlation was found to be weak (rS 0.333, p less than 0.05) and similar to that in patients with unspecified chronic liver diseases (n = 52) (rS 0.425, p less than 0.01). Sensitivity and specificity of P-III-P at a cut-off concentration of 12 ng/ml for portal hypertension (portal vein pressure 5 mm Hg) are 0.93 and 0.42, respectively, the diagnostic efficiency is 0.67. Predictive values at the same cut-off level of P-III-P and an assumed prevalence of portal hypertension of 50% are 0.62 and 0.85 for the positive and negative test result, respectively. The level of P-III-P is not related to the degree of esophageal varices. The mean P-III-P concentration in the hepatic vein was found to be significantly (p less than 0.001) higher (about 35%) than that in the cubital vein. It is concluded that P-III-P is not an useful parameter for diagnosis of portal hypertension and monitoring of portal vein pressure and of the degree of esophageal varices.     

超声引导下经皮经肝门静脉行胃冠状静脉栓塞防治上消化道出血:2例报道并文献复习

食管胃底静脉曲张作为肝硬化患者门静脉高压的常见且最危险的并发症之一,程度严重时是发生上消化道出血的独立危险因素,其病死率高、进展快、易反复出血。目前食管胃底静脉曲张的治疗主要包括内镜下治疗、经颈静脉肝内门体分流术、外科手术、药物治疗等;此外,超声引导下经皮经肝门静脉实施胃冠状静脉栓塞防治这项新兴技术止血作用持久而更彻底,患者耐受更好。超声和数字减影血管造影多学科合作,可望在预防和治疗门脉高压食道胃底静脉曲张破裂的上消化道大出血发挥重要作用。      

降钙素基因相关肽在肝硬化门静脉高压症食管下段胃底静脉曲张中的作用

目的 研究降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene related peptide,CRGP)在肝硬化门静脉高压症患者食管下段胃底静脉曲张中的作用.方法 以2005年1月-2010年8月46例肝硬化门静脉高压症不同程度食管下段胃底静脉曲张患者作为研究对象,并按食管下段胃底静脉曲张严重程度分为轻度曲张组、中度曲张...     

A case of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension associated with anti-retroviral therapy in a Japanese patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection

The diagnosis of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH), a rare but potentially life-threatening complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals, often occurs only after the emergence of fatal manifestations such as bleeding of esophageal varices. We herein report a female Japanese HIV patient who developed NCPH approximately 4 years after discontinuation of 65 months of didanosine (ddI) administration. The patient presented with severe ascites, bloody bowel discharge, extreme abdominal swelling, and symptoms of portal hypertension but no sign of liver cirrhosis. Examination revealed esophageal varices, oozing-like bleeding from a wide part of the colon, significant atrophy of the right lobe of the liver, and arterio-portal shunting and recanalization from the left medial segment branch of the portal vein to a paraumbilical vein, but no visible obstruction of the main trunk of the portal vein. Treatment for esophageal varices consisted of coagulation therapy with argon plasma after enforcement by endoscopic sclerotherapy and oral administration of β-blockers for elevated portal blood pressure. The patient has not experienced gastrointestinal bleeding in the approximately 5 years since the diagnosis of NCPH. Reviewing this case suggests the importance of suspecting NCPH in HIV patients with liver dysfunction of unknown etiology with a history of ddI and other purine analogs use, as well as the importance of controlling portal hypertension and esophageal varices in the treatment of NCPH.     

Push enteroscopy for recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to jejunal anastomotic varices: a case report and review of the literature

Small-bowel anastomotic and adhesion-related varices can form within adhesions in the setting of mesenteric venous hypertension, arising from either mesenteric venous obstruction or portal hypertension. In evaluating gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who have had previous abdominal surgery and mesenteric venous hypertension, small-bowel anastomotic varices and adhesion-related varices should be considered. For patients with recurrent, severe melena or hematochezia, we recommend that the initial diagnostic work-up should include push enteroscopy in patients with previous small-bowel surgery. Retrograde ileoscopy should also be considered these patients to look for distal small-bowel varices. Potentially, such small-bowel varices can be identified by wireless capsule endoscopy. We report a case of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding caused by jejunal anastomotic varices which were secondary to superior mesenteric vein occlusion following an abdominal gunshot wound. Although the treatment of segmental varices has been surgical resection, for patients with overt systemic portal hypertension, a transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt or a decompressive shunting procedure are recommended.     

介入断流术治疗肝硬化门脉高压合并上消化道出血的疗效分析(附11例报告)

目的通过对肝硬化门静脉高压并发上消化道大出血的患者采用经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉栓塞术联合部分脾栓塞治疗,评价其对肝硬化门静脉高压并发上消化道大出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析11例肝硬化门静脉高压并发上消化道大出血采用介入断流术治疗的病例资料,测定治疗前后门静脉的压力、门静脉的内径及血小板的变化情况,并进行随访观察以判定疗效。结果本组患者介入操作成功率和即时止血率均为100%;胃冠状静脉栓塞前、胃冠状静脉栓塞后和脾动脉栓塞后的门静脉压力分别为:(37.24±4.02)、(40.38±4.15)和(26.33±4.14)cmH_2O,胃冠状静脉栓塞前后门静脉压力比较,(P=0.088);脾动脉栓塞后与胃冠状静脉栓塞前门静脉压力比较,(P0.001);介入断流术治疗前和治疗后两周B超测量的门静脉内径为:(1.39±0.16)cm、(1.39±0.15)cm,治疗前后门静脉内径比较,(P=0.97);介入断流术治疗前和治疗后两周的血小板数为:(59.36±16.91)×10~9/L、(173.64±55.47)×10~9/L,治疗前后血小板数比较,(P0.001)。结论介入断流术止血效果迅速可靠,即时降低了门静脉压力,并逐步改善外周血情况,是治疗肝硬化门静脉高压合并上消化道出血的一种安全有效手段。