洁净手术室的管理及维护

探讨洁净手术室的管理及维护措施。通过对洁净手术室设备层、手术部的管理及维护．来达到洁净手术室的要求。经过管理，近年来各项监测指标均达标。只有充分认识洁净手术室管理及维护的重要性，严格遵守各项管理，就能很好地维护洁净手术室，从而有效控制在手术室引起的医院感染，提高医疗质量。     

医疗设备维护管理初探

本文通过对医院医疗设备日常维护的模式、类型、方法及维护管理几个方面的具体论述，阐明医疗设备的维护管理是医疗设备管理的基础，是医院现代化管理的重要组成部分，是提高医院经济效益与社会效益的重要保障。     

B超仪器的科学维护及管理

Ｂ超仪器的科学维护及管理解放军３０３医院器械科袁家平为了科学地维护及管理好Ｂ超仪，提高其使用率，本文提出了科学维护及管理Ｂ超仪的一些方法。一、安装注意事项Ｂ超仪，要安装在地面要平坦、干燥、通风和采光良好、附近没有电房、Ｘ线室、高压电力输送线等强电磁干...     

麻醉科常用仪器的维护与管理

仪器的管理是麻醉科管理的一个重要组成部分。随着科学技术的发展，高新技术的应用，麻醉仪器在功能上亦趋于多样化，精密化及智能化，因而亦迫切要求有一套系统、规范的维护管理制度，以保障其安全、准确、稳定的运行。为此，我科制定了一套有效的管理、维护制度。     

医院手术室净化空调系统管理及维护要素的探讨

随着医院洁净手术部的不断建设发展，层流净化手术室及相应空调系统的管理与维护工作日趋重要，对提供适宜的环境室温和无菌的手术区域，降低手术感染率有关键作用，而相关的日常维护与消耗品的及时更换影响了洁净手术部的正常安全运作；结论：医院洁净手术部净化空调系统在日常维护管理中必须针对其特殊性做出合理安排，对医院控制感染管理、提高手术质量至关重要。     

基于微信服务号的巡检维护管理平台设计与应用

设计与开发了医疗设备巡检维护管理平台，实现了对医疗设备的巡检、报修，维修工单登记，调度分配，接单，核对，维修登记，维修记录，评价关单，抽查、计量、清点等中期管理过程的信息化，系统包括电脑端及微信服务号，电脑端主要实现系统的基础设置，设备管理，巡检周期设定，维护接单，派单，数据的统计分析，微信服务号主要实现账号绑定，移动巡检，移动报修，接单，维护记录，系统与医院HRP系统实现数据对接，共同实现了医疗设备的全生命周期管理。     

医院信息系统硬件设备维护统计数据分析及解决方案

本文通过对一个大型综合性医院2005年1至12月医院信息系统硬件设备维护数据的统计及分析，总结了一套综合性医院信息系统设备维护经验及管理办法。主要是：1．通过招标购置质量高，服务好的机型，减少机器故障率。2．通过招聘地方有一定计算机特长的人员加入到医院维护人员的队伍中，缩短机器维修的响应时间及排除故障的等待时间；3．数据备份到位，对于意外事故能够做到不停机，不丢数据。总之通过多年的工作实践，我们形成了一整套完善、规范、高效的信息系统维护管理方法。     

卫生信息管理岗位能力及未来培训需求调查

采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，对浙江省卫生机构中从事卫生信息管理的人员进行调查，分析其专业素质及能力需求，结果显示：最适合卫生信息管理岗位的专业是卫生信息管理，相关高校在教学中要设置计算机网络及硬件维护、常用软件的安装使用和维护、医学信息检索、疾病分类、病案管理、统计等内容，并把相应教学内容与在职工作人员的培训需求及相关专业IT认证内容相衔接，以适应卫生信息管理工作需求。     

数字化血管机的管理与维护

数字化血管机作为医学影像科的重要检查和治疗设备，其运行及管理维护情况直接影响着设备服务于临床诊疗的质量。为了充分发挥机器最大效益，提出了要对机器进行有效科学的管理与维护，具体对机器临床需求以及机器本身的维护维修保养和机器相关使用人员等方面进行了详细的阐述，强调了其与机器各个相关环节的重要性，尤其是一线工程师较高综合素质的具备非常重要。这些举措提高了医疗质量及机器使用周期，也提高了科室的经济效益和社会效益。     

浅谈服务台在IT运维中的作用

本文阐述了服务台在提高医院信息系统运维效率环节的重要作用，对服务台的实施过程及实施效果做了简要的描述，介绍了服务台在医院信息化管理和维护中应用的实践经验，为医院信息化的安全管理和维护提供了可借鉴的经验，同时指出了在实施服务台的过程中可能遇到的问题。     

Cholera in Haiti and other Caribbean regions, 19th century

Medical journals and other sources do not show evidence that cholera occurred in Haiti before 2010, despite the devastating effect of this disease in the Caribbean region in the 19th century. Cholera occurred in Cuba in 1833-1834; in Jamaica, Cuba, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Lucia, St. Kitts, Nevis, Trinidad, the Bahamas, St. Vincent, Granada, Anguilla, St. John, Tortola, the Turks and Caicos, the Grenadines (Carriacou and Petite Martinique), and possibly Antigua in 1850-1856; and in Guadeloupe, Cuba, St. Thomas, the Dominican Republic, Dominica, Martinique, and Marie Galante in 1865-1872. Conditions associated with slavery and colonial military control were absent in independent Haiti. Clustered populations, regular influx of new persons, and close quarters of barracks living contributed to spread of cholera in other Caribbean locations. We provide historical accounts of the presence and spread of cholera epidemics in Caribbean islands.     

Clinical Update on Nursing Home Medicine: 2013

This is the seventh article in the series of Clinical Updates on Nursing Home Care. The topics covered are antiresorptive drugs, hip fracture, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, depression, undernutrition, anorexia, cachexia, sarcopenia, exercise, pain, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.     

Heavy Metals in Aquatic Macrophytes from Two Small Rivers Polluted by Urban,Agricultural and Textile Industry Sewages SW Poland

This article presents the results from a study of the comparison of 2 lowland rivers: the Olobok and the Pilawa in southwest Poland polluted by urban, agricultural, and textile industry sewages. pH and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, and sulfate were measured in water samples and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, and Zn were measured in stream bottom sediments and in the aquatic macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Callitriche verna, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton natans, and Ceratophyllum demersum from the river Olobok and Elodea canadensis, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton crispus, and Veronica beccabunga from the river Pilawa. The matrix of concentrations of 16 elements in 27 plant samples of 7 species from 15 sampling sites of 2 rivers and concentrations of 15 elements and pH in water samples and 16 elements and pH in bottom sediment samples of these sites was submitted to numerical classification, which revealed that sampling sites from the rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1 of principal component analysis (PCA), which was related to the pH of water, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, and Ni in water and Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, P, and S in bottom sediments. More polluted parts of both rivers were differentiated from less polluted parts by the value of factor 2 of PCA, which was related to Pb, Zn, and sulfates in water and Ca and Zn in bottom sediments. Macrophytes from the Olobok and Pilawa rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1, which was related to Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, N, Na, Pb, and S. Groups of macrophytes of more and less polluted parts of both rivers differed by the value of factor 2, which was related to P, K, and Mn. Downstream of the sewage outputs in both rivers, a significantly increased level of pollution occurs with elements correlated with factor 1: Among others were Cu and Cr, typical for the textile industry along the river Pilawa, and among others were Mn and Ni, typical for the urban and agricultural activities in the river Olobok.     

Evidence-Based Recommendations for an Optimal Prenatal Supplement for Women in the U.S., Part Two: Minerals

The levels of many essential minerals decrease during pregnancy if un-supplemented, including calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, zinc, and possibly chromium and iodine. Sub-optimal intake of minerals from preconception through pregnancy increases the risk of many pregnancy complications and infant health problems. In the U.S., dietary intake of minerals is often below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), especially for iodine and magnesium, and 28% of women develop iron deficiency anemia during their third trimester. The goal of this paper is to propose evidence-based recommendations for the optimal level of prenatal supplementation for each mineral for most women in the United States. Overall, the evidence suggests that optimal mineral supplementation can significantly reduce a wide range of pregnancy complications (including anemia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, hyperthyroidism, miscarriage, and pre-eclampsia) and infant health problems (including anemia, asthma/wheeze, autism, cerebral palsy, hypothyroidism, intellectual disability, low birth weight, neural tube defects, preterm birth, rickets, and wheeze). An evaluation of 180 commercial prenatal supplements found that they varied widely in mineral content, often contained only a subset of essential minerals, and the levels were often below our recommendations. Therefore, there is a need to establish recommendations on the optimal level of mineral supplementation during pregnancy.     

Workshop report: Nucleic acid delivery devices for HIV vaccines: Workshop proceedings,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,Bethesda, Maryland,USA, May 21, 2015

On May 21st, 2015, the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a workshop on delivery devices for nucleic acid (NA) as vaccines in order to review the landscape of past and future technologies for administering NA (e.g., DNA, RNA, etc.) as antigen into target tissues of animal models and humans. Its focus was on current and future applications for preventing and treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease, among other infectious-disease priorities. Meeting participants presented the results and experience of representative clinical trials of NA vaccines using a variety of alternative delivery devices, as well as a broader group of methods studied in animal models and at bench top, to improve upon the performance and/or avoid the drawbacks of conventional needle-syringe (N–S) delivery. The subjects described and discussed included (1) delivery targeted into oral, cutaneous/intradermal, nasal, upper and lower respiratory, and intramuscular tissues; (2) devices and techniques for jet injection, solid, hollow, and dissolving microneedles, patches for topical passive diffusion or iontophoresis, electroporation, thermal microporation, nasal sprayers, aerosol upper-respiratory and pulmonary inhalation, stratum-corneum ablation by ultrasound, chemicals, and mechanical abrasion, and kinetic/ballistic delivery; (3) antigens, adjuvants, and carriers such as DNA, messenger RNA, synthesized plasmids, chemokines, wet and dry aerosols, and pollen-grain and microparticle vectors; and (4) the clinical experience and humoral, cellular, and cytokine immune responses observed for many of these target tissues, technologies, constructs, and carriers. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop (https://web.archive.org/web/20160228112310/https://www.blsmeetings.net/NucleicAcidDeliveryDevices/), which was webcast live in its entirety and archived online (http://videocast.nih.gov/summary.asp?live=16059).     

Interdisciplinary health professional education: a historical review

A historical review was conducted to examine the advances made, nationally and internationally, in interdisciplinary health professional education since the mid-1960s. One hundred and nineteen articles were reviewed and divided by decade into the following subheadings: models, courses, communication/group process issues, and international perspectives. Twenty-seven articles, categorized as models, defined the conceptual field, described curriculum and program development, or provided a framework for evaluation.Thirty-two articles dealt with interdisciplinary courses, focusing on objectives, content areas, or innovative methods. Nine articles contributed contenton interdisciplinary communication and group process issues, from which guidelines were abstracted. Fifty-one articles contributed an international perspective, leading to the recognition that interdisciplinary health professional education, practice, and research is a global movement.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Special Considerations for Prophylaxis for and Treatment of Anthrax in Pregnant and Postpartum Women

In August 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in partnership with the Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs, convened a meeting of national subject matter experts to review key clinical elements of anthrax prevention and treatment for pregnant, postpartum, and lactating (P/PP/L) women. National experts in infectious disease, obstetrics, maternal fetal medicine, neonatology, pediatrics, and pharmacy attended the meeting, as did representatives from professional organizations and national, federal, state, and local agencies. The meeting addressed general principles of prevention and treatment for P/PP/L women, vaccines, antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment, clinical considerations and critical care issues, antitoxin, delivery concerns, infection control measures, and communication. The purpose of this meeting summary is to provide updated clinical information to health care providers and public health professionals caring for P/PP/L women in the setting of a bioterrorist event involving anthrax.     

妊娠期糖尿病与妊娠期高血压疾病病理机制的相关性

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)为妊娠期特有疾病,易造成孕产妇难产、产褥期感染、酮症酸中毒,胎儿窘迫、胎儿畸形甚至胎死宫内等不良妊娠结局。妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)包括妊娠期高血压、子痫前期(preeclampsia)、子痫,以及慢性高血压并发子痫前期和妊娠合并慢性高血压,临床表现为高血压、蛋白尿及水肿,严重影响孕妇体内各脏器功能,是孕产妇及围生儿死亡的主要原因。HDP中子痫前期,尤其是重度子痫前期,是造成新生儿不良妊娠结局的重要原因,通常需要及时剖宫产终止妊娠。近年国内外许多研究已经证实GDM和HDP在内皮功能紊乱、血脂异常、炎症因子、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)等多方面有相关性。现就两种疾病在上述相关性方面进行综述。     

A six country study of young children’s media exposure,logo recognition,and dietary preferences

Childhood obesity is a global public health concern. Previous research, mainly conducted in developed countries, suggests that marketing and media exposure is associated with unhealthy eating behaviors. This cross-sectional study was done with 2422 children, mean age 5.5 years, SD = .5, from six low- and middle-income counties (LMICs) (Brazil, China, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Russia). The analyses investigated media exposure, logo recognition, and preferences for international foods and beverages, such as globally distributed items like McDonald’s hamburgers and Coca-Cola soft drinks. Overall and in each country, path analysis models showed that media exposure and logo recognition directly and indirectly predicted the selection of international foods and beverages, controlling for child’s sex, age, home location, and parental education. Public health and communication experts must continue to investigate and understand these relationships, so as to inform regulations around food and beverage marketing.     

Dynamics of cholera outbreaks in Great Lakes region of Africa, 1978-2008

Cholera outbreaks have occurred in Burundi, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya almost every year since 1977-1978, when the disease emerged in these countries. We used a multiscale, geographic information system-based approach to assess the link between cholera outbreaks, climate, and environmental variables. We performed time-series analyses and field investigations in the main affected areas. Results showed that cholera greatly increased during El Nino warm events (abnormally warm El Ninos) but decreased or remained stable between these events. Most epidemics occurred in a few hotspots in lakeside areas, where the weekly incidence of cholera varied by season, rainfall, fluctuations of plankton, and fishing activities. During lull periods, persistence of cholera was explained by outbreak dynamics, which suggested a metapopulation pattern, and by endemic foci around the lakes. These links between cholera outbreaks, climate, and lake environments need additional, multidisciplinary study.