经左胸食管切除食管胃吻合转移肌瓣覆盖术——附128例报告

目的：提高中上段食管癌的治疗效果,降低颈部食管胃吻合口瘘的发生率。方法：采用带蒂肌瓣覆盖于经左胸食管切除颈部食管胃吻合口。结果：食管癌切除术后吻合口瘘的发生率降为０．８％（１／１２１）。结论：该术式能有效预防吻合口瘘,食管切除范围大;符合生理要求。     

全胸段食管切降经食管床颈部吻合食管重建术：附831例报告

为改进食管癌的手术操作技术,降低残端癌的发生率,提高近期手术治疗效果。方法我院外科自１９９２年１月－１９９７年５月共完成全胸段食管切除,经食管床颈部吻合食管重建术８３１例。结论进一步证明了增加食管癌患者食管切除长度和彻底清除颈,克,腹各组区域淋巴结的重要性,同时提出了几项预防颈部瘘的有力措施。     

食管癌切除颈部食管胃(结肠)单层Gambee吻合术——附643例报告

目的：探讨扩大食管癌切除范围、预防吻合口漏发生,提高手术安全性的手术方式。方法：１９９２年４ 月～１９９８ 年１２ 月共完成全胸段食管切除、左颈部食管胃（ 结肠） 单层 Ｇａｍｂｅｅ 吻合术６４３ 例。结果：颈部吻合口漏发生率０ ．８ ％ （５／６４３） ;手术死亡率１ ．４ ％ （９／６４３） 。结论：食管胃（ 结肠） 单层 Ｇａｍｂｅｅ吻合能有效地预防吻合口漏的发生,提高手术安全性。     

消化道吻合器颈部食管胃吻合治疗食管癌346例临床报告

目的探讨次全食管切除胃经食管床消化道吻合器颈部食管胃吻合治疗食管癌的手术效果。方法346例食管癌患者采用左后外侧六肋间切口,游离肿瘤并行次全食管切除,清扫肿大淋巴结。取左颈部胸锁乳突肌前缘切口,游离颈段食管,将胃经食管床主动脉弓后上置颈部,行食管胃消化道吻合器吻合。分析该手术及效果。结果术后残端癌4例,发生率为1.2%。吻合口瘘19例,发生率为5.5%。术后死亡1例,死亡率为O.6%。吻合口狭窄13例,发生率为3.8%,均经食管扩张治愈。结论该术式符合肿瘤彻底切除的原则,残端癌阳性率低。胃放置于食管床内对呼吸循环影响小。使用吻合器增加了吻合的可靠性,减少了术后并发症。即使发生了吻合口瘘,处理也相对简单,死亡率低。     

手术为主综合治疗中晚期食管癌337例报告

作者报告１９８６年３月至１９９５年１２月对３３７例食管癌的治疗。其中手术１７５例（５１．９％），切除癌肿１６５例，手术切除率９４．３％。手术死亡率１．８％（３／１６５）。术后发生胸部吻合口瘘３例，颈部吻合口瘘４例，吻合口瘘发生率４．２％（７／１６５）。本组随访率为９１．２％。１年、３年、５年生存率分别为７３．６％、４２．５％、３１．９％。本组中晚期食管癌较多，采取以手术为主辅以术前放疗和术后化疗以及免疫治疗等措施，减少了复发或转移，确实能延长生存期，从而提高了生存率。作者认为，对于中上段食管癌应行全胸段食管切除颈部食管胃吻合术。     

经左胸食管切除食管胃吻合转移肌瓣覆盖术--附128例报告

目的 :提高中上段食管癌的治疗效果 ,降低颈部食管胃吻合口瘘的发生率。方法 :采用带蒂肌瓣覆盖于经左胸食管切除颈部食管胃吻合口。结果 :食管癌切除术后吻合口瘘的发生率降为 0 8% ( 1/12 1)。结论 :该术式能有效预防吻合口瘘 ;食管切除范围大 ;符合生理要求     

食管癌根治性放疗后复发的手术治疗

目的：探讨食管癌根治性放疗后复发例手术治疗问题。方法：１９８３年１月至１９９５年１０月间,对４８例食管癌根治性放疗后复发病例施行手术治疗,手术以左侧进胸胃代管弓下吻俣,二切口左侧进胸胃代食管颈部吻合及一切口右侧进胸胃或结工食管颈部吻合完成。结果：手术切除率７９．２％,手术死亡率１２．５一并发症率３５．４％,最常见的并发症为吻合口中瘘。切除组术后１,３,５年生存率分别为６５．８％、２８．９％、１８．     

食管胃（超）胸膜顶吻合术治疗食管癌

目的：探讨食管癌合理的手术方式。方法：对食管中下段癌行食管部分切除,食管胃（超）胸膜顶吻合２１０例,与弓上吻合８８０例的资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果：两组术后吻合口瘘发生率基本相同,但胸膜顶组其他并发症少,残端癌发生率低。结论：胃食管（超）胸膜顶吻合术是治疗食管癌的理想术式。     

食管胃颈部可吸收线连续分层吻合180例临床分析

目的 探讨食管癌切除术食管胃颈部吻合的方法。方法 采用食管黏膜对胃黏膜可吸收线连续缝合,食管肌层对胃浆肌层间断缝合。结果 全组180例中,术后并发症发生率为8.3％,死亡率1.1％,吻合口瘘发生率4.4％。随访1年吻合口狭窄发生率为3.4％。结论 食管胃颈部可吸收线连续分层吻合可有效降低颈部吻合口瘘和狭窄发生率,提高患者的生存质量,是食管癌切除颈部食管胃吻合较理想的方法。     

食管癌切除食管胃颈部粘膜活瓣式吻合术120例报告

胸中上段以上食管癌切除颈部食管胃吻合是最常采用的术式,吻合方法是否完善,直接影响并发症发生率。为减少颈部食管胃吻合口并发症,自１９８９年９月至１９９８年３月,作者在食管胃粘膜置入胃腔吻合术［１］的基础上,对颈、胸段食管癌行食管部分切除或全食管切除,胃经原食管床颈部粘膜活瓣式吻合术１２０例,在预防颈部吻合口瘘、狭窄及返流方面,效果满意。现报告如下。１　资料与方法１．１　临床资料　本组１２０例,男性８６例,女性３４例。年龄３４～７６岁。根据ＵＩＣＣ（１９８７）食管癌新的分段与分期标准,颈下段３０例,…     

左胸全胃食管床移植颈部吻合治疗胸段食管癌

目的：报告左胸后外侧切口全胃移植颈部吻合手术治疗胸段食管癌的临床经验。方法：全组１１２４例,男７４９例,女３７５例;平均年龄５８．５岁。肿瘤分布：上段癌７２例,中段癌８８３例,下段癌１６９例。临床病理分期（ＴＮＭ）Ⅰ期４８例,Ⅱａ期２６３例,Ⅱｂ期３０４例,Ⅲ期４２５例,Ⅳ期７９例。全部经左胸后外侧切口行食管次全切除,全胃食管床移植颈部吻合。结果：全组手术治疗愈１１１８例,死亡６例（０．５３％）,     

胃大部切除术后食管癌的手术治疗

目的：探讨胃切除术后食管癌（Ｅｃａ）的手术治疗方式和效果。方法：对１９８７年～１９９６年间手术治疗８１５例Ｅｃａ中４１例胃切除后Ｅｃａ的手术治疗进行分析。１例胸下段Ｅｃａ行切除并残胃食管弓下吻合术，４０例右胸入路行右半结肠代食管术合并颈、胸、腹淋巴结清除术。结果：４１例胃切除术后Ｅｃａ颈、上纵隔、中下纵隔和腹部淋巴转移率分别为３４．１％、２１．９％和１９．６％。并发症发生率４８．７％。颈部吻合口瘘发生率３４．１％，无手术死亡。全组３、５年生存率４１．６％和１５．４％。根治性手术３、５年生存率４６．６％和２２．２％。姑息手术无１例生存超过５年。３年生存率１４．３％。结论：对胃切除术后Ｅｃａ颈、上纵隔和腹部淋巴结清扫很重要。结肠代食管术为安全有效办法。右半结肠经胸骨前、后径路代食管术是胃切除后Ｅｃａ手术的最好方法之一     

宫颈癌和食管癌组织中人乳头状瘤病毒基因型的检测

[目的]探讨宫颈癌及食管癌组织中人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染及其基因型分布的相关性。 [方法]采用基因芯片方法分别检测200例宫颈癌和140例食管癌的HPV基因型,计算HPV感染率,分析HPV基因型与癌肿类型的关系。 [结果]200例宫颈癌的HPV阳性率为94．00％（188／200）,共检测到9种HPV基因型,其中主要基因型为HPV16（74．00％）和HPV18（16．00％）,HPV双重感染的阳性率达12．00％（24／2001。169例宫颈鳞癌的HPV阳性率为95．86％,显著高于腺癌的80．00％（x2=9．73,P〈0．01）,但HPV16、18和HPV双重感染在鳞、腺癌中的阳性率无显著性差异。在140例食管癌组织中,未检测到任何基因型别的HPV。 [结论]宫颈癌组织的HPV感染型别多样,HPV16、18为最常见类型,HPV感染更常见于宫颈鳞癌。但HPV各型别的分布与癌肿类型无关．HPV似乎与食管癌的发生无关。     

Interferon,alpha 17 (IFNA17) Ile184Arg polymorphism and cervical cancer risk

The aim of this study was to estimate whether the Ile184Arg polymorphism of the Interferon, alpha 17 (IFNA17) gene might be correlated with the risk and prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA). Genomic DNA from 173 patients with invasive cervical SCCA and from 198 non-cancer controls (NCC) was examined for the Ile184Arg polymorphism with a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based assay. All P values are from two-sided tests. The distribution of IFNA17 Ile184Arg genotype among SCCA cases (Ile/Ile, 21%; Arg/Ile, 57%; and Arg/Arg, 22%) was different significantly from that among NCC (Ile/Ile, 32%; Arg/Ile, 56%; and Arg/Arg, 12%) (P=0.0345). A significant increase in 184Ile homozygote frequency was found in the SCCA patients compared with the NCC group (odds ratio 2.96; 95% confidence interval 1.53-5.73; P=0.001). However, differences in clinicopathologic prognostic factors and in the 5 year survival rate were not significant among the subjects of each genotype group (P>0.05). The results of this study suggest that the 184Ile homozygote of the IFNA17 gene may represent an important susceptibility biomarker for cervical cancer risk.     

吲哚胺2，3-二氧酶在CINⅠ～Ⅲ及宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义*

目的:探讨吲哚胺2,3- 二氧酶（indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,IDO ）在宫颈鳞癌发生发展中的作用。方法:选择2008年1 月至12月在昆明医学院第三附属医院病理确诊为宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ,CIN）Ⅰ～Ⅲ和宫颈鳞癌的病灶组织石蜡标本116 例及转移淋巴结石蜡标本18例。以正常宫颈组织石蜡标本20例及无转移淋巴结组织石蜡标本20例作为对照,采用免疫组化方法分析组织中IDO 的表达。结果:正常宫颈（20例）及CINI 组织（10例）中IDO 表达均为阴性,20%（2/10）的CINⅡ期组织表达为弱阳性,其余为阴性（80%,8/10）,CINⅢ中有61.5%（8/13）的组织呈弱阳性表达,7.7%（1/13）的组织为阳性表达,30.8%（4/13）的组织为阴性表达,宫颈癌Ⅰ～Ⅳ的阳性表达率为100%（83/83）,ⅠA 期和ⅠB 期阳性表达率显著高于CINⅡ和CIN Ⅲ（P<0.01）,ⅡA～ⅣB 阳性表达率显著高于ⅠA 期和ⅠB 期（P<0.01）。 IDO 表达与宫颈癌进展有关（OR= 0.807,P<0.01）。 淋巴结转移阳性患者的宫颈癌组织阳性表达率显著高于淋巴结转移阴性患者（P<0.01）,淋巴结转移组织中阳性表达率显著高于淋巴结转移阴性组织（P<0.01）,IDO 阳性表达率与肿瘤分化程度无关（OR=-0.139,P>0.05）。 结论:从CIN Ⅱ开始,肿瘤组织已逐步建立有利于肿瘤发展的免疫逃逸机制,转移淋巴结IDO 表达阳性可能与机体免疫系统选择性免疫耐受有关。IDO 的表达与疾病进展有关而与肿瘤组织分化程度无关,IDO 可能成为宫颈鳞状细胞癌预后的预测因子及治疗靶点。      

经右胸途径颈段、胸上段食管癌切除并三区淋巴结清扫术的外科治疗评价

目的 评价经右胸途径颈段、胸上段食管癌切除并三区淋巴结清扫术的临床意义。方法 采用颈、胸、腹三切口，同时进行颈、胸、腹三区淋巴结清扫，治疗颈、胸上段食管癌104例。总结并探讨颈部及上纵隔淋巴结转移规律。分析病变长度、外侵程度与切除率的关系及主要并发症的危险性。结果 颈部及最上纵隔(右胸顶)淋巴结转移率及转移度分别为47．11％(49／104)及13．27％(114／859)。其中，左气管旁淋巴结分别为17．31％(18／104)及11．46％(25／218)；左颈深下淋巴结分别为7．69％(8／104)及8．13％(17／209)；右气管旁淋巴结分别为12．50％(13／104)及10．61％(19／179)；右颈深下淋巴结分别为11．54％(12／104)及11．86％(21／177)；右胸顶淋巴结分别为17．30％(18／104)及42．10％(32／76)。全组手术切除率为100．00％(104／104)。主要并发症：吻合口瘘发生率为16．34％(17／104)；肺部并发症发生率为8．65％(9／104)；喉返神经损伤发生率为9．6196(10／104)；上消化道梗阻发生率为0．9696(1／104)；死于肺部并发症所致的呼吸衰竭2例，病死率为1.92％(2／104)。结论 经右胸途径食管癌切除并三区淋巴结清扫术是治疗颈、胸上段食管癌较为有效的手术方式。     

Definitive Chemoradiotherapy with Docetaxel,Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil for Advanced Cervical Esophageal Cancer: A Medium-Term Outcome

Background: Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is widely considered as a treatment option for cervical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) toward preserving the larynx. We have reported favorable outcomes, including the treatment response rate and short-term survival of dCRT concomitant with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF-RT) for advanced cervical ESCC. The aim of this paper was to report the subsequent progress of the study. Methods: We assessed 18 patients with advanced (clinical stage II–IV, including T4b and/or M1 lymph node) cervical ESCC at our department who received DCF-RT as the first-line treatment between December 2010 and June 2020. Results: A total of 14 men and 4 women underwent the study regimen. The pretreatment clinical stage included stage II, stage III, stage IVA, and stage IVB cases (including 9 patients with T4b) [8 trachea and 2 thyroids] and 7 patients with the M1 lymph node. The complete response (CR) was achieved in 15 patients, stable disease in 2, and progressive disease in 1. Of 15 patients with CR, 7 experienced recurrence, and 8 had continued CR. Frequent cases of grade ≥3 adverse effects included leucopenia, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and pharyngeal pain. The 3-year overall survival rate, disease-free survival rate, and disease-specific survival rate were 44.2%, 47.7%, and 48.6%, respectively. Conclusion: DCF-RT for advanced cervical esophageal cancer could achieve a favorable prognosis with larynx preservation. Further observations are warranted to establish the long-term prognosis, late complications of radiotherapy, and the significance of salvage surgery.     

高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变行子宫切除术患者术前病理确诊方式的回顾性分析

目的:通过对比阴道镜下活检病理、宫颈锥切术中冰冻病理与术后石蜡病理（paraffin section examination,PSE）的一致性,对高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变行子宫切除术的术前病理确诊方式进行研究。方法:选取2010年1月至2015年12月阴道镜活检病理为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ级(CINⅡ)和Ⅲ级(CINⅢ、原位癌)在我院行宫颈锥切术患者共454例,其中依宫颈锥切术中冰冻病理即刻行子宫切除手术治疗患者238例,另外216例为待宫颈锥切术后石蜡病理回报后再次子宫切除手术治疗的患者,对比阴道镜下活检病理、宫颈锥切术中冰冻病理与术后石蜡病理的一致性,以及对比锥切术后石蜡病理与再次子宫切除术后病理的一致性。结果:阴道镜活检与术中冰冻病理诊断的符合率为89.11%（270/303）,CINⅡ为63.33％（38/60）,22例升级为CINⅢ;CINⅢ为95.47%（232/243）,11例升级（9例升级为宫颈癌Ⅰa1期,2例升级为Ⅰb1期）。阴道镜活检与术后石蜡病理诊断的符合率为77.53%(352/454)。CINⅡ为22.99%(20/87),67例升级（57例升级为CINⅢ,8例升级为宫颈癌Ⅰa1期,2例升级为Ⅰa2期）;CINⅢ为 90.46%（332/367）,35例升级（26例升级为宫颈癌Ⅰa1期,7例升级为Ⅰb1期,2例升级为Ⅱa期）。阴道镜活检对宫颈癌的漏诊率总体为9.91％(45／454)。宫颈锥切术中同时送冰冻病理患者303例,宫颈锥切术中冰冻病理与术后石蜡病理诊断的符合率为88.12%(267/303)。CINⅡ为60.00%(36/60),24例升级（18例升级为CINⅢ,5例升级为宫颈癌Ⅰa1期,1例升级为Ⅰa2期）;CINⅢ为95.06%(231/243),12例升级（9例升级为宫颈癌Ⅰa1期,2例升级为Ⅰb1期,1例升级为Ⅱa期）。宫颈锥切术中冰冻病理对宫颈癌的漏诊率总体为5.94%（18/303）。宫颈锥切术中同时送冰冻病理患者303例,宫颈锥切术术中冰冻病理比阴道镜活检病理诊断的符合率高,差异有统计学意义（χ2= 27.68,P﹤0.05）。待宫颈锥切术后石蜡病理回报后再次手术治疗的216例患者中,宫颈锥切术后石蜡病理对高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变及浸润癌诊断的准确率可达99.07％（214/216）。结论:阴道镜活检是初步诊断高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变的一种方法;宫颈锥切术具有诊断与治疗的作用,术中冰冻病理（frozen section examination,FSE）能够提早发现部分微小浸润癌及浸润癌,但是存在一定的误诊和漏诊率。因此,建议对所有无生育要求的高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变患者,应先行宫颈锥切术,待术后石蜡病理回报后再行子宫切除术,以达到规范治疗。     

Mucin leakage into the cervical stroma may increase lymph node metastasis in mucin-producing cervical adenocarcinomas

The relationships between the histologic feature of mucin leakage into the cervical stroma, lymph node metastasis, and the levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 19-9, and CA 125 were analyzed in 35 cases of cervical adenocarcinoma. Histologically, mucin leakage was identified in 14 (40%) cases as amorphorous materials dissecting the connective tissues and permeating the lymphatic channels, associated with or without cancer cells. The cases with mucin leakage showed a significantly higher incidence of lymph node involvement than those without mucin leakage (71.4% versus 23.8%; P less than 0.01). In addition, when the mucin leakage was immunohistochemically positive for CEA or CA 19-9, elevated serum levels of these antigens were frequently observed. These results suggest that the mucin leakage into the cervical stroma represents not only stromal invasion, but also a means that frequently conducts cancer cells into the lymphatic channels. Clinically, this is reflected in an elevation of serum CEA or CA 19-9 levels in cervical adenocarcinoma patients.     

A late phase II study of CPT-11 on uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer. Research Groups of CPT-11 in Gynecologic Cancers

A late phase II study of CPT-11, a new derivative of camptothecin, in uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer was carried out by a cooperative study group at 26 institutions. Out of 144 patients enrolled, total cases were 110, involving 55 uterine cervical cancers and 55 ovarian cancers. In uterine cervical cancer, 5 cases of complete response (CR) and 8 cases of partial response (PR) were observed, with a response rate of 23.6% and a CR rate of 9.1%. In ovarian cancer, 13 cases of PR were observed, response rate was 23.6%. Both in uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer, the 95% confidence interval of response rate was 12.4-34.8%. In cases having undergone previous chemotherapy including platinum, derivatives, the response rate in ovarian cancer was 23.1% (12/52). In cases of uterine cervical cancer having previous radiotherapy, the response rate was 26.8% (11/41). In ovarian cancer of various histological types, a response was observed for not only serous cystadenocarcinoma but also mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, etc. A response was observed in distant metastatic lesions such as lung metastasis as well as primary lesion in uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer. Major adverse reactions were leukopenia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia, and these incidences (grade 2 or more) were 87.3, 60.3, 44.0 and 67.2%, respectively. Since some patients experienced severe adverse reactions, caution should be taken in treatment with CPT-11. Besides these reactions, alopecia was observed (33.1%), but severe adverse reactions such as nephropathy were not found. No significant difference in the efficacy and adverse reactions were observed between administration methods; A, 100 mg/m2 once weekly and B, 150 mg/m2 once every 2 weeks. Both were thought to be clinically useful. These results suggest that CPT-11 is clinically effective against uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer.