安络化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化临床疗效观察

目的观察安络化纤丸对慢性乙型肝炎血清肝纤维化指标的影响。方法随机将60例慢性肝炎患者分为安络化纤丸治疗组(治疗组)和一般保肝治疗组(对照组),对比分析治疗前和治疗3个月后血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)水平的变化。结果治疗组在降低血清肝纤维化指标方面均优于对照组。结论安络化纤丸具有较好的抗肝纤维化作用,治疗期间未发现明显不良反应。     

两种常用抗肝纤维化中成药临床疗效的比较

目的：比较扶正化瘀胶囊和安络化纤丸临床抗肝纤维化作用。方法选择99例肝纤维化患者,随机分为两组,分别采用扶正化瘀胶囊治疗51例和安络化纤丸治疗48例,疗程为12个月,观察两组治疗前后 Fibroscan 值、肝纤维化四项、肝脏彩色超声以及肝脏病理学等的变化。结果经治疗后,扶正化瘀胶囊组 Fibroscan 值为8．25 KPa、HA 为143．4 ng/mL、LN 为95．9 ng/mL、PC-III 为109．3 ng/mL、Ⅳ-C 为72．1 ng/mL、门静脉内径为10．13 mm、脾脏厚度为38．40 mm。安络化纤丸组 Fibroscan 值为13．04 kPa、HA 为208．7 ng/mL、LN 为155．5 ng/mL、PC-III 为110．0 ng/mL、Ⅳ-C 为117．5 ng/mL、门静脉内径为12．61 mm、脾脏厚度为45．01 mm。两组相比差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,此外扶正化瘀胶囊改善纤维化分级具有显著的效果（P ＜0．05）。结论与安络化纤丸相比,扶正化瘀胶囊具有更好的临床疗效。     

安络化纤丸联合γ-干扰素治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化的临床观察

目的：观察安络化纤丸联合γ-干扰素对血吸虫病肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法：日本血吸虫病肝纤维化患者60例，随机分为治疗纽和对照组，每组30例；均给予吡喹酮驱虫治疗及驱虫后的一般护肝治疗，而治疗组在此基础上加用安络化纤丸联合γ-干扰素，疗程均为6个月。治疗前后观察患者临床症状和体征的变化，肝功能、血清肝纤维化指标的改变以及影像学指标的变化。结果：两组患者临床症状和体征均明显改善，血清ALT、AST和TBil都有明显降低，与治疗前比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；两组患者血清PCⅢ、HA、LN、Ⅳ—C水平均有不同程度的下降，但下降幅度治疗组明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）；且治疗组患者门静脉内径和脾脏厚度与治疗前比较也有明显减小（P〈0．05），与对照组相比差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：安络化纤丸联合γ-干扰素可以改善血吸虫病肝纤维化患者临床症状、保护肝脏功能、减轻肝脏纤维化。     

前列地尔注射液联合安络化纤丸治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的临床研究

目的:探讨前列地尔注射液联合安络化纤丸治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效及对肝纤维化指标的影响。方法:选取2015年7月至2017年6月我院门诊收治的138例失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,按照随机区组设计法将患者分为观察组(n=69)和对照组(n=69)。观察组患者采用前列地尔注射液联合安络化纤丸治疗,对照组患者采用前列地尔注射液治疗。观察两组患者肝功能、肝纤维化、肝脾超声影像学指标、Child-pugh积分等变化及不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后观察组患者ALT、AST、TBil、DBil、HA、LN、PCⅢ及Ⅳ-C指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者门静脉内径、脾静脉内径、脾脏厚度均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者Child-pugh积分显著低于对照组(P0.05);对照组患者不良反应发生率(15.9%)略高于观察组(8.7%),但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:前列地尔注射液联合安络化纤丸可有效改善失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的肝功能和肝纤维化指标,有效抑制肝硬化进展。     

安络化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的疗效观察

目的评价安络化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的有效性及安全性。方法采用随机开放性临床实验设计。选用慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者72例,随机分配到实验组37例(安络化纤丸每次6克,口服,每天两次,疗程6个月),对照组35例(常规保肝组,疗程6个月)。治疗前后检测肝肾功能、肝纤维化指标(HA、LN、PC-Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C)、血常规、B超。结果实验组血清肝纤维化指标改善优于对照组(P0.05),实验组治疗后门脉主干内径及脾脏厚度较治疗前有明显缩小(P0.05)。结论安络化纤丸具有明显的抗肝纤维化作用,是治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的非常有效和安全的药物。     

重组人γ-干扰素联合安络化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的血清学变化

目的研究重组人γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)联合安络化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎(慢乙肝)肝纤维化患者肝纤维化血清学变化.方法60例慢乙肝肝纤维化患者随机分为A、B 2组,A组:30例采用IFN-γ联合安络化纤丸治疗,B组:30例采用常规药物(凯西莱 肝安注射液)治疗,疗程为9个月.用放射免疫法测定治疗前、治疗3、6、9个月及停药后3个月血清HA、LN、PCⅢ及Ⅳ-C水平.结果A组血清HA、LN、PCⅢ及Ⅳ-C的测定值随治疗时间逐渐降低,至9个月到最低点(P＜0.05),B组则无明显改变(P＞0.05).有效率A组仅为66.7%(20/30),B组为10%(3/30),2组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论A组血清肝纤维化指标随治疗进行不断下降,至治疗结束时达到最低点;与A组比较,B组的肝纤维化4项指标虽然也呈下降趋势,但下降幅度明显小于A组.说明γ-干扰素联合安络化纤丸对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化有良好的联合抗纤维化效果.     

复方鳖甲软肝片对慢性肝炎患者肝纤维化水平的影响

[目的]观察复方鳖甲软肝片对慢性肝炎患者肝纤维化指标的影响.[方法]将78例慢性肝炎患者随机分为对照组（38例）和复方鳖甲软肝片组（治疗组40例）.两组治疗前和疗程结束后,采用放射免疫法检测血清Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ）、透明质酸（HA）、Ⅳ型胶原（Ⅳ-C）的水平,采用彩色多普勒超声仪检测门静脉内径、肝动脉收缩期最大流速/门静脉流速（A/P）和脾脏厚度.[结果]治疗组治疗后血清PCⅢ、HA、Ⅳ-C水平及门静脉内径、脾脏厚度与治疗前相比有显著降低（P＜0.01）,A/P明显改善（P＜0.05）,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.[结论]复方鳖甲软肝片具有阻止和逆转慢性肝炎肝纤维化的作用.     

安络化纤丸联合五苓散治疗肝硬化门脉高压临床观察

目的:观察安络化纤丸联合五苓散治疗肝硬化门脉高压患者的疗效。方法:将56例肝硬化门脉高压患者随机分成安络化纤丸联合五苓散的治疗组(治疗组)20例、联合对照组20例及常规组16例。用药前后记录患者24小时尿量,于用药前及用药3个月时分别做彩色B超检测门静脉内径(Dpv)、脾静脉内径(Dsv)、脾厚度,晨起留空腹静脉血,用奥林巴斯AU400检测肝功能(ALT、GGT、TBil、A/G),用GC2016放免计数仪检测HA,用MP280发光仪检测PC-Ⅲ、LN、Ⅳ-C。结果:治疗组治疗前后门静脉、脾静脉内径及脾厚度比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),其与对照组、常规组之间变化亦有显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗组肝功能的改善及尿量的增多明显好于其他两组,并且其差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)治疗组患者治疗后血清肝纤维化指标明显好于治疗前,其间差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),其与其他两组比较差异亦有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:安络化纤丸联合五苓散治疗肝硬化门脉高压患者临床疗效显著。     

安络化纤丸治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化疗效观察

目的观察安络化纤丸对慢性乙型肝炎(乙肝)患者的肝功能、血清肝纤维化指标的影响。方法将98例门诊慢性乙肝患者随机分为2组。对照组48例给予常规护肝治疗;治疗组50例,在对照组用药的基础上给予安络化纤丸6g,早晚各1次,服用6个月。对比分析治疗前后血清透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)水平的变化及肝功能变化。结果治疗组在降低血清肝纤维化指标方面均优于对照组;治疗组治疗后转氨酶明显降低。结论安络化纤丸能较好地促进肝功能的恢复,具有良好的抗肝纤维化作用。治疗期间未发现明显不良反应。     

安络化纤丸治疗中晚期肝炎肝硬化70例临床观察

目的:观察肝炎肝硬化患者应用安络化纤丸治疗后临床症状、体征、肝功能、血清肝纤维化指标的恢复情况和肝脏脾脏影象学改变.方法:138名中晚期肝硬化患者分为两组,治疗组70例患者口服安络化纤丸,6g/次,3次/d;对照组68例接受丹参片治疗,3片/次,3次/d.两组疗程均为6个月.结果:安络化纤丸治疗后血清透明质酸酶(HA)、层粘蛋白(LN)和Ⅲ型前胶原(PC-Ⅲ)平均水平下降十分显著,HA尤为显著,HA尤为突出;肝脏影象学检查有显著改善.结论:安络化纤丸有较好的抗肝硬化效果.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.