子宫切除术致输尿管或膀胱损伤的手术处理

目的:探讨子宫切除术所致的输尿管、膀胱损伤的手术处理时机。方法:对4例膀胱阴道瘘及5例输尿管阴道瘘中的近期4例,于损伤后2~3周内经腹入路一次修复;先前1例于4个月后修复。3例输尿管离断伤(其中2例为双侧),2例于损伤后第2天直接吻合,1例行输尿管皮肤造瘘。1例输尿管、膀胱并发直肠损伤患者,Ⅰ期尿、粪转流,Ⅱ期行修补、复通术。8例输尿管梗阻、肾积水患者,于伤后3~32个月,5例行输尿管膀胱肌瓣吻合,3例行输尿管膀胱再植术。结果:8例损伤后2~3周、1例于损伤后4个月施行膀胱阴道瘘及输尿管道阴道瘘修补术均获成功。3例输尿管离断伤其中直接吻合成功1例、失败1例。1例输尿管、膀胱并发直肠损伤患者经Ⅰ期尿、粪转流,Ⅱ期修补、复通后1年康复出院。8例输尿管梗阻、肾积水患者行输尿管膀胱再植术或输管膀胱吻合术均获成功。结论:子宫切除术所致输尿管、膀胱损伤的修复手术可提前于损伤后2~3周内施行;输尿管离断伤,应先行输尿管皮肤造瘘,经腹入路手术修复。     

妇产科术后泌尿生殖道瘘15例报告

1998年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 12月 ,我们收治妇产科术后泌尿生殖道瘘 15例 ,现报告如下。材料与方法　本组 15例。年龄 2 4～ 5 4岁 ,平均 4 2岁。输尿管阴道瘘 7例 ,左侧 5例 ,右侧 2例 ;发生于根治性子宫切除术后 2例 ,子宫切除术后 4例 ,阔韧带内肿瘤切除术后 1例。膀胱阴道瘘 5例 ,其中剖宫产术后 2例 ,子宫切除术后 3例。根治性子宫切除术后膀胱尿道阴道瘘 1例。阴道肿瘤切除术后尿道阴道瘘 2例。 2例右输尿管阴道瘘者 ,因并发右肾积水 ,1例在外院行右肾盂探查术 ,1例行右输尿管皮肤造瘘引流失败。 5例膀胱阴道瘘中 ,膀胱阴道瘘修补术后复…     

医源性泌尿生殖道瘘及损伤的单中心10年数据分析并文献复习

目的:探讨医源性泌尿生殖道瘘的发病率、原因及诊治,为减少医源性泌尿生殖道瘘提供策略分析。方法:回顾性分析2009年3月～2019年3月在我院行妇产科手术发生泌尿生殖道瘘及损伤(包括膀胱阴道瘘、输尿管阴道瘘、膀胱子宫瘘、膀胱及输尿管破裂)的65例患者的临床资料,收集患者术前诊断、手术方式、损伤原因及发现时间、治疗方法等。结果:妇科手术50例(76.92%),其中良性疾病18例,恶性肿瘤27例,生殖道畸形3例,切口妊娠及切口憩室2例;产科手术15例(23.08%),其中瘢痕子宫10例,非瘢痕子宫4例,盆腔结核病史1例。术中发现泌尿系统损伤29例(44.62%),术后发现36例瘘(55.38%)。输尿管阴道瘘30例(46.15%),行膀胱输尿管再植术23例(76.67%)、经尿道输尿管支架置入术2例(6.67%)、输尿管修补术2例(6.67%)、失访3例(10.00%);膀胱破裂27例(41.54%),均行膀胱修补术;膀胱阴道瘘5例(7.69%),行经阴道膀胱瘘修补术4例(80.00%)、经腹膀胱修补术1例(20.00%);膀胱子宫瘘1例(1.54%),行经腹膀胱修补术;膀胱瘘+双侧输尿管瘘1例(1.54%),行膀胱阴道瘘修补术;术中输尿管破裂1例(1.54%),行输尿管膀胱再植术。除失访患者3例,其余62例患者均一期治愈。结论:妇科手术所致泌尿生殖道瘘中,困难的全子宫切除术是主要危险因素;产科高危因素系前次盆腔手术史导致膀胱粘连。膀胱损伤多于术中发现并修补,术后发生的膀胱阴道瘘以留置尿管延期行经阴道膀胱修补术为适宜方案;输尿管损伤多于术后发现,输尿管膀胱再植术是输尿管阴道瘘多数选择。医源性泌尿生殖道瘘可以通过提高术者操作技能及防范意识等措施预防及减少。     

输尿管阴道瘘5例报告

输尿管阴道瘘少见 ,多为盆腔手术的并发症。笔者自 1 990年 1 2月～ 2 0 0 0年 1 2月收治输尿管阴道瘘 5例 ,均为子宫切除术所引起 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料本组 5例 ,年龄 35～ 65岁。其中 3例为宫颈癌根治术所致 ,2例为单纯子宫切除术所致。左侧 2例 ,右侧 3例。主要临床表现为阴道大量漏尿。全部患者均行膀胱镜检查 ,未发现膀胱内瘘口而排除膀胱阴道瘘 ,可窥见健侧输尿管口蠕动及喷尿 ,偶见患侧输尿管口蠕动 ,但无尿液喷出。 2例静脉注射靛胭脂可见健侧输尿管口喷蓝频率及浓度均佳 ,未见患侧喷蓝。 3例未注射靛胭脂者在膀胱镜检查的同时…     

腹腔镜子宫切除术后输尿管阴道瘘的原因及处理

目的探讨腹腔镜子宫切除术后输尿管阴道瘘的原因及外科处理方法的选择。方法 2002年3月~2009年6月对22例妇科腹腔镜子宫切除手术导致输尿管阴道瘘施行即时经膀胱镜放置双J管（2例）;膀胱镜置管失败者采用经输尿管镜置入斑马导丝然后再置入双J管（4例）;上述2种方法均失败者采用经腹膜外或腹腔途径输尿管膀胱再吻合术,输尿管内置双J管（16例）。结果通过手术探查和输尿管镜检发现电刀电凝伤7例,血运障碍6例,直接损伤3例,输尿管缝扎2例,解剖变异2例;2例经膀胱镜双J管置入治愈未能了解原因。22例随访6~48个月,平均25.7月,6例经内镜支架管置入中3例术后出现输尿管下段狭窄行输尿管膀胱再吻合术;16例行输尿管膀胱再吻合术,其中15例治愈,1例术后2个月再次出现输尿管阴道瘘,经皮肾穿刺肾造瘘后3个月再行膀胱肌瓣输尿管吻合术治愈。结论输尿管阴道瘘是腹腔镜妇科手术的严重并发症,一经确诊应积极处理,但应根据患者具体病情制定个体化的治疗方案,治疗措施以恢复正常排尿通路及保护患侧肾脏功能为原则。     

膀胱瓣填塞法修补巨大膀胱阴道瘘四例报告

我科于 1998年 6月至 1999年 1月间采用膀胱瓣填塞法修补巨大膀胱阴道瘘 4例 ,效果满意 ,报告如下。临床资料　本组 4例 ,年龄 39～ 5 2岁。均为因子宫肌瘤行全子宫切除术损伤导致膀胱阴道瘘 ,病程 3个月～ 1年。其中 2例首次 ,1例 2次经腹部修补膀胱阴道瘘失败。尿瘘均位于阴道穹窿顶部 ,膀胱三角区及底部 ,瘘孔较大 ,直径约 3～ 4ｃｍ ,术前常规抗炎治疗并用高锰酸钾液坐浴。手术方法　连续硬膜外麻醉 ,截石位 ,下腹正中切口经腹腔或耻骨后腹膜外径路 ,自顶部纵形切开直达瘘口底部上缘。留置双输尿管插管以避免术中损伤输尿管。沿瘘孔边缘…     

女性尿路生殖道瘘诊疗分析(附27例报告)

目的:总结女性尿路生殖道瘘临床诊疗经验,探讨复杂性女性尿路生殖道瘘的治疗方法。方法:本组27例,年龄16~56岁,平均41.2岁。其中膀胱阴道瘘9例,输尿管阴道瘘15例,输尿管子宫瘘1例,尿道阴道瘘2例。妇科盆腔手术所致23例,会阴部或盆腔外伤所致3例,放疗所致1例。9例膀胱阴道瘘中,3例行耻骨上经膀胱修补,2例经阴道修补,3例复杂性瘘经腹修补并移植带蒂大网膜,1例放疗后复杂性瘘行输尿管皮肤造口术。15例输尿管阴道瘘中,6例行输尿管镜下输尿管双J管留置术,9例行输尿管膀胱再植术。1例输尿管子宫瘘行耻骨上辅助经脐单孔腹腔镜(SA-LESS)输尿管膀胱再植术。2例尿道阴道瘘均经阴道行修补术,其中1例采用改进三层错位缝合术修补。结果:24例一次治愈,成功率为88.89%(24/27);3例二次手术治愈。平均手术时间75(45~135)min,平均术中出血量60(15~150)ml。术后随访4个月~13年,27例患者均未再出现漏尿,无尿失禁、尿道及阴道狭窄,无继发性肾功能损害。结论:女性尿路生殖道瘘修补手术方法因人因病而定。术前充分准备,选择恰当的手术修补时机、正确的手术修补途径、术中精细操作是提高尿路生殖道瘘手术成功的关键。对复杂性尿瘘,可采用改进三层错位缝合术、辅助带蒂瓣片或网膜技术修补瘘口,促进愈合。     

女性盆腔手术后尿瘘诊治分析

目的探讨女性盆腔手术后尿瘘的病因、手术时机及手术方法。方法回顾分析我院2003年1月至2016年3月收治的28例尿瘘患者,年龄39~52岁,平均44.5岁,子宫附件切除术后6d~5月。其中输尿管阴道瘘8例,膀胱阴道瘘18例,输尿管膀胱阴道瘘2例。输尿管阴道瘘行输尿管插入法膀胱再植术,膀胱阴道瘘选择经膀胱三层交叉缝合法修补术,输尿管膀胱阴道瘘行输尿管膀胱再植加膀胱修补术。结果 28例全部一次手术治愈,平均手术时间90(70~150)min。28例患者随访未再出现漏尿,输尿管膀胱再植者1例患侧肾脏轻度积水,7例患侧吻合口无狭窄及反流。结论输尿管插入法膀胱再植术、经膀胱三层交叉缝合法修补术术式简单、成功率高,是最容易掌握的术式。膀胱阴道瘘修补术宜在术后3月进行,输尿管阴道瘘及时通过手术解除梗阻可避免肾功能进一步损害。     

经膀胱途径修补膀胱阴道瘘的临床分析

目的探讨经膀胱途径修补膀胱阴道瘘手术时机的选择以及治疗效果。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年4月中山大学附属第三医院及外院会诊手术共21例膀胱阴道瘘患者的临床资料。患者年龄24～66岁,病程3个月至30年。所有患者均行膀胱镜检,单个瘘口16例、2个瘘口4例、3个瘘口1例,瘘口大小0.3～1.5 cm,瘘口位于输尿管口旁6例,膀胱底后壁9例,输尿管间嵴后方6例。 结果21例均行膀胱阴道瘘修补术,其中16例经膀胱途径,4例经膀胱联合经腹途径,1例经膀胱联合阴道途径。除子宫内膜癌术后辅助放疗引起者行膀胱联合阴道途径修补术后2个月仍出现少量漏尿外,其余20例经膀胱途径修补术均取得成功,随访1～65个月均无漏尿及输尿管损伤等并发症发生。 结论经膀胱途径修补膀胱阴道瘘是一种安全有效的方法,对于复杂性瘘,术中根据瘘口具体情况联合经腹或阴道进行修补,可以提高治愈率、减少并发症的发生。     

经腹径路手术治疗膀胱阴道瘘的临床分析

目的:探讨经腹径路手术治疗膀胱阴道瘘的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析14例女性膀胱阴道瘘患者资料。患者平均年龄41.36岁。临床表现不同程度阴道漏尿,或伴血尿及膀胱刺激症状。膀胱镜检、膀胱尿道造影及CT三维重建术前确诊。先后行经腹径路膀胱阴道瘘修复手术,其中采取经膀胱径路9例,膀胱外径路5例。结果:14例术后随访9～103个月,平均46.26个月。2例术后出现再次膀胱阴道瘘,行二次修补手术后未再复发,1例出现切口感染,经对症处理后愈合,其余患者均未出现尿瘘复发及其他严重并发症。结论:经腹径路手术治疗膀胱阴道瘘,术中视野暴露充分,易于获取带蒂支持组织,尤其对于复杂性膀胱阴道瘘及合并输尿管等组织损伤可疑患者,是一种可行的手术治疗方式。     

Traumatic lesions of the ureter in pelvic surgery. Apropos of 10 cases]

For ureteral lesions without loss of substance our preferences are, at the level of the lesion, either for end-to-end ureteral suture, or antireflux uretero-vesical reimplantation. For ureteral lesions with loss of substance we prefer the psoas bladder, if the bladder is healthy, large and supple, or inter-ureteral anastomosis if the bladder for some reason (radiotherapy, retracted bladder, small "blocked pelvis") is not available. Synthetic ureteral prosthesis may be a rapid and elegant solution in cancer patients with a limited hope of survival. Guided by these principles, we have repaired 10 ureters : 1 by ureterolysis, 2 by end-to-end suture, 3 by inter-ureteral anastomosis, 4 by antireflux uretero-vesico reimplantation. These 10 repairs gave 9 successes. The only failure (end-to-end ureteral suture) was due to our lack of experience, for in a similar case we would now perform an inter-ureteral anastomosis.     

Management of iatrogenic ureteric injuries associated with gynecological surgery

Objective: This retrospective study defines the presentation and managementof iatrogenic ureteric injuries consequent upon gynecological surgery in ateaching hospital in Punjab, Pakistan.Patients and methods: 18 patients with median age 35 years (range 18–80years) with iatrogenic ureteric injuries associated with gynecological surgerywere referred to the department of urology at Nishtar Hospital Multan Pakistan.Main presenting symptoms were urinary incontinence, loin pain and anuria.Median time since injury and presentation was 3 weeks (range 1 day to 7 years). In 16 (88%) patients injury resulted from abdominal hysterectomy. Othercauses included ovarian cystectomy (one patient) and vaginal hysterectomy (onepatient). 11 (61%) patients had ureterovaginal fistula, 5 (28%) patients hadcomplete unilateral ureteric obstruction and 2 (11%) patients had bilateral ureteric obstruction and anuria. In 11 patients with ureterovaginal fistula ureteroneocystostomy was performed. In five patients with unilateral uretericobstruction, one had end to end anastomosis of ureter, three had ureteroneocystostomy only and one had ureteroneocystostomy and psoas hitch done. Two had anuriasecondary to bilateral ureteric obstruction. In one of these patients Boari flapand ureteroneocystostomy was carried out. The second patient had deligation ofcatgut sutures on ipsilateral side and ureteroneocystostomy on the contra-lateralside.Results: In 17 patients no major complication occurred. One patient whohad deligation of catgut sutures, the distal ureter sloughed and re-explorationand ureteroneocystostomy was performed. Renal salvage was achieved in all cases.Conclusion: Open surgical procedures for repair of iatrogenic uretericinjuries are associated with good outcome. Strategies to prevent these injuriesinclude adequate surgical training and meticulous surgical techniques.     

膀胱瓣成形术治疗肾移植术后输尿管梗阻和尿瘘6例分析

目的：探讨膀胱瓣成形（Board术治疗输尿管梗阻的应用价值。方法：对同种异体肾移植术后3例长段或者多节段的输尿管梗阻患者以及3例经保守治疗无效的尿瘘患者行Boari术。结果：6例患者输尿管均得到重建,随访1年,复查静脉肾盂造影未见梗阻或者狭窄复发,输尿管再通率100％,人、肾存活率均为100％。结论：Boari术是治疗肾移植术后输尿管梗阻或者尿瘘的有效方法。     

腹腔镜子宫切除术输尿管损伤的预防

目的:探讨腹腔镜子宫切除术输尿管损伤的原因及预防措施。方法:回顾分析2009年1月至2010年12月6例患者行腹腔镜子宫切除术发生输尿管损伤的临床资料。结果:为337例患者行腹腔镜子宫切除术,包括腹腔镜全子宫切除术及腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术,6例发生输尿管损伤,发生率1.78%。6例均有盆腔粘连,发生于右侧;其中2例为输尿管切断,4例为热损伤导致输尿管漏。手术器械使用不当及处理子宫血管时大块钳夹电凝是腹腔镜手术输尿管损伤的主要原因。结论:盆腔严重粘连患者行腹腔镜子宫切除术应慎重。熟悉器械性能并正确使用,处理子宫血管时避免大块钳夹电凝是预防输尿管损伤的主要措施。     

Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy for single ureteral disease in patients with ureteral duplication: a review of 8 years of experience with 16 patients

Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy near the bladder (end-to-side anastomosis) for treatment of single ureteral disease in patients with complete ureteral duplication has been performed in 16 patients during the last 8 years. The operative technique, indications, results, followup and complications are presented. Reflux in the lower segment ureter was treated in 13 patients and upper segment ectopia or ureterocele was managed in 3 patients with this operative procedure. This operative technique is simpler and safer than reimplantation of both ureters into the bladder. Because no dissection of the bladder wall is needed there is less risk of injury to the pelvic viscera and vasculature. The chance of success in correcting reflux appears better than with reimplantation of both ureters into the bladder. Long-term followup has shown few complications and no repeat operations were needed in this series. The small stump of the diseased ureter left behind near the bladder caused no serious problems.     

Ureteric duplication is not a contraindication for robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy and intracorporeal Studer pouch formation

Objectives:

Ureteric duplication is a rarely seen malformation of the urinary tract more commonly seen in females.

Materials and Methods:

We report 2 cases of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy (RALRCP) with bilateral extended pelvic lymph node dissection and intracorporeal Studer pouch formation in patients with duplicated right ureters.

Results:

Two male patients (53 and 68 years old) underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor that revealed high-grade muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma, with no metastases. We performed RALRCP and intracorporeal Studer pouch formation. A duplicated right ureter was observed during the procedures in both patients. Left ureter distal segment was spatulated 2cm long and anastomosed using running 4/0 Vicryl to the right ureter at its bifurcation where it forms a single lumen without spatulation. All 3 ureters were catheterized individually. A Wallace type uretero-ileal anastomosis was performed between the ureters and the proximal part of the Studer pouch chimney. Although ureteric frozen section analysis suggested ureteric carcinoma in situ in patient 1, postoperative pathologic evaluation was normal. Frozen section and final postoperative pathologic evaluations were normal in patient 2.

Conclusions:

Duplicated ureters might be underdiagnosed on CT. The presence of a duplicated ureter is not a contraindication to RALRCP and intracorporeal Studer pouch formation. The da Vinci-S surgical robot is very safe for performing this complicated procedure. Frozen section analysis of ureters during radical cystectomy for bladder cancer might not reliably diagnose the pathologic condition and might overestimate the disease in the ureters.     

肾移植中供肾输尿管异常的处理

目的：探讨肾移植术中供肾输尿管异常的手术处理方法。方法：回顾性分析18例供。肾输尿管异常的肾移植术中处理,包括损伤致输尿管过短8例,完全型双输尿管4例,不完全型双输尿管2例,输尿管结石2例,巨输尿管2例。根据具体情况采用输尿管膀胱吻合术、供受者输尿管端端吻合术和膀胱腰大肌悬吊术等方法再植输尿管。结果：术后恢复顺利,未发生移植肾功能延迟恢复和尿漏。随访3～8年,发生输尿管梗阻1例,行经皮。肾造口输尿管镜切开后治愈。发生尿路感染5例（其中2例为反复感染）。未见膀胱输尿管返流。结扎输尿管的原肾未出现胀痛和不适,B超检查未见肾积水。带输尿管结石移植肾未见结石复发。巨输尿管供肾移植后输尿管管径稳定,无明显增大。结论：供肾输尿管损伤和异常时采用不同的技术修复和再植输尿管,可减少并发症的发生。     

Experiences in kidney transplantation with duplicated ureters

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the complications of duplicated ureters in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: Between 1983 and 2004, 12 patients (median age 34 years) received renal transplants from donors with duplicated ureters. In four patients the ureter to bladder anastomoses were performed separately according to the method described by MacKinnon, including two cases transplanted with ureteral catheters because of narrow widths. In the following cases of eight duplicated ureters an anastomosis was performed between the distal part of each ureter to form a common ureteral ostium, which was connected to the urinary bladder. A ureteral catheter was used to the splint ureterovesical anastomosis. RESULTS: No graft loss to ureteral complications was observed. There was no ureteral necrosis in the postoperative period. No clinical symptoms of ureteral junction obstruction were revealed after removing the ureteral catheter. By ultrasound examination four patients showed a slight temporary pyelocaliectasis was observed and four patients developed temporary urinary fistulas. CONCLUSION: Our ureterocystoneostomy procedures with duplicated ureters were safe and useful in kidney transplantation.     

Ureteral complications in renal transplantation with more than one donor ureter.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ureteral complications of renal transplant recipients with more than one donor ureter METHODS: Between 1967 and 1997, 19 patients (median age 34 years, range 6-62 years) received renal transplants from donors with more than one ureter. There were 18 donor organs with two ureters, and one patient underwent en bloc renal transplantation with four donor ureters. In nine patients, the ureters were implanted separately at the bladder dome according to the extravesical technique of Witzel, Sampson, Lich and R?hl. In 10 patients, we performed a modification of this extravesical technique according to Nghiem with a side-to-side anastomosis of the ureters before completing the ureteroneocystostomy. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 55 months (range 2-218 months), no graft loss due to ureteral complications was noted. One patient died due to myocardial infarction, seven patients returned to dialysis without ureteral complications. There were two patients (one patient after side-to-side ureteral anastomosis, one patient with separate implantation of the two ureters) with ureteral obstruction of one donor ureter. Both patients underwent open surgical revision with temporarily placement of internal ureteral stents. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of multiple ureters from donor kidneys is associated with a higher complication rate in our patient population compared with donor kidneys with one ureter. There was no difference in the long-term outcome between the two implantation techniques used.