关于急性心肌梗死并发阵发性心房颤动与P波离散度的关系

目的探讨急性心肌梗死并发阵发性心房颤动与P波最大时间（Pmax）、P波离散度（Pd）的关系。方法观察33例急性心肌梗死并发阵发性心房颤动患者和25例单纯急性心肌梗死患者的Pmax、Pd。结果两组Pmax（123．99±3．61ms、110．37±2．58ms）、Pd（45．82±2．93ms、29．13±3．57ms）差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．01）;Pmax≥120ms和Pd≥40ms预测心房颤动的敏感性分别为92％和96％,特异性分别为91％和95％。结论Pmax延长和Pd增加可预测急性心肌梗死并发心房颤动的危险眭。     

扩张型心肌病患者P波最大时限及离散度与阵发性心房颤动的相关分析

目的　探讨扩张型心肌病伴阵发性心房颤动患者P波最大时限(Pmax)及离散度(Pd)与发生阵发性心房颤动的相关性。方法　30例扩张型心肌病伴阵发性心房颤动者为A组,扩张型心肌病无阵发性心房颤动者26例为B组。采用12导联体表心电图测定Pmax与最小时限(Pmin),计算Pd(Pd=Pmax-Pmin),并进行比较。结果　A组Pd为( 48. 4±13. 8 )ms,Pmax为(122. 8±13. 7)ms,Pmin为( 76. 2±12. 6 )ms,与B组Pd(30. 6±10. 2)ms、Pmax(110. 2±10. 4)ms、Pmin(80. 8±11. 5)ms相比明显延长(P<0. 01)。A组左心房内径(41. 4±5. 6)mm,B组(40. 2±6. 2 )mm,两组相比无显著性差异(P>0. 05 )。预测心房颤动,取P波时限≥120ms,Pd≥40ms以及两者相结合,灵敏度分别为86%、90%、73%;特异度分别为80%、85%、89%;阳性预测值分别为84%、87%、88%。结论　Pd增加和P波宽度延长,可预测扩张型心肌病并发阵发性心房颤动的危险性。     

P波离散度与心房颤动相关关系的临床观察

目的：探讨P波离散度与房颤发生的关系。方法：对37例行健康体检的正常人（A组），28例诊断为特发性房颤（B组）及45例心房扩大并阵发性房颤（C组）的患者行常规体表12导联同步心电图描记，测量并对比分析三组间最大P波时限（Pmax）及P波离散度（Pd）。结果：三组间Pmax及Pd依次为C组〉B组〉A组（组间比较P值均〈0．05）。结论：Pmax及Pd是特发性房颤及心房扩大并阵发性房颤患者房颤发生的良好预测指标。     

P波离散度与原发性高血压病合并阵发性心房颤动关系的临床分析

目的:探讨P波离散度(Pd)与高血压病合并阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的临床关系。方法:测量57例高血压合并阵发性房颤患者(Ⅰ组)窦性心律时12导联心电图的P波离散度[Pd=最大P波时限(Pmax)-最小P波时限(Pmin)],超声心动图测定左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVD)和左心室射血分数(LVEF),并与单纯高血压组(Ⅱ组)55例比较。检测阵发性房颤的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值。结果:PmaxⅠ组显著高于Ⅱ组[(121.5±16.3)msvs(107.3±10.3)ms,P<0.05];PdⅠ组显著高于Ⅱ组(45.3±12.7)msvs(24.7±10.5)ms,P<0.05);两组间Pmin、LAD、LVEF差异无显著性。Pmax>100ms预测的敏感性为89.5/,特异性为80.0/;Pd≥40ms预测的敏感性为86.0/,特异性为75.9/;Pmax>100ms Pd≥40ms的敏感性为78.5/,特异性为88.9/。结论:P波离散度是高血压病患者合并阵发性房颤的敏感性和特异性较高的预测指标之一。     

P波离散度对高血压病并发阵发性心房颤动患者的预测价值

目的　探讨P波离散度(Pd)对高血压病患者阵发性心房颤动的预测价值。方法　Ⅰ组38例,为有阵发 性心房颤动病史的高血压病患者;Ⅱ组54例,为无阵发性心房颤动病史的高血压病患者。同步记录窦性心律时12导 联心电图,分别测定12导联P波时限[Pd=最大P波时限(Pmax)-最小P波时限(Pmin)],超声心动图测定左心房内径 (LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVD)和左心室射血分数(LVEF)。以Pd≥40ms为阳性标准,检测阵发性心房颤动的 阳性率、灵敏性、特异性。结果　Pmax:Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组[Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较:(127±15)ms对(110±12)ms,P< 0.001];Pd:Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组[Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较:(53±13)ms对(39±10)ms,P<0.01];LAD:Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组[Ⅰ 组与Ⅱ组比较:(46±9)mm对(41±7)mm,P<0.05];LVEF:Ⅰ组低于Ⅱ组[Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较:(51±6)%对 (58±6)%,P<0.05];Pmin、LVD两组差别无统计学意义。单因素回归分析显示:除LVD外,Pmax、Pd、LAD和 LVEF均是阵发性心房颤动的预测因子。多因素回归分析显示:Pd是阵发性心房颤动的独立预测因子。以Pd≥40 ms为阳性标准,检测阵发性心房颤动的Ⅰ组阳性率显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.01),灵敏性84.2%、特异性85.2%。结论　 Pd是高血压病患者发生阵发性心房颤动的独立预测因子,预测价值高。     

阵发性心房颤动与P波离散度关系的探讨

目的探讨心电图最大 P波时限 (Pmax)、P波离散度 (Pd)预报阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )的价值。方法采用 12导联同步心电图测定 62例阵发性房颤患者和 3 0例健康对照组的 Pmax、Pd值进行对比分析。结果阵发性房颤患者的 Pmax、Pd均明显大于对照组的Pmax、Pd(P<0 .0 1)。两组左心房内径 (LAD)分别为 (3 4.63± 5 .0 8) mm,(3 3 .47± 4.89) mm ,均无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。以 Pmax≥12 0 ms预报房颤发生的敏感性为 82 .3 % ,特异性 86.7% ,准确性 83 .7% ;Pd≥ 40 ms预报房颤的敏感性为 91.9% ,特异性 90 .0 % ,准确性 91.3 %。 Pmax≥ 12 0 ms与 Pd≥ 40 ms联合预报的敏感性为 79.0 % ,特异性 96.7% ,准确性 84.8%。结论 Pmax、Pd是预报阵发性房颤的较好指标     

胺碘酮转复阵发性房颤前后P波离散度的变化

目的观察心房颤动（AF）患者胺碘酮复律前后P波最大时限（Pmax）和P波离散度（Pd）的变化,探讨Pmax、Pd对AF胺碘酮复律后复发的预测价值。方法 45例阵发性AF转复为窦性心律房颤者行心电图检查测量P波最大时限与最小时限,计算Pd,观察6个月后心房颤动复发与未复发组Pd差异。按AF是否复发分为AF复发组与AF未复发组,观察测量两组的Pmax和Pd,转复为窦性心律房颤者行心电图检查测量P波最大时限与最小时限,计算Pd,观察6个月后心房颤动复发与未复发组Pd差异。结果心房颤动复发组Pd较未复发组Pd明显延长（39±11）VS（27±13）（P〈0.01）。Pd≥40组心房颤动复发率较Pd〈40组明显为高（68%VS45%,P〈0.01）。结论 Pd延长可作为预测心房颤动复发的指标。     

预测特发性阵发性房颤的心电图标志

目的：通过体表心电图的指标预测特发性阵发性房颤（IPAF）。方法：对确诊IPAF病例和年龄匹配的健康人各40例,测量体表心电图12导联最大P波时限及P波离散度。结果：最大P波时限和P波离散度在IPAF组明显高于正常对照组,以P波时限110ms和P波离散度40ms作为区别IPAF和正常健康人,敏感性和特异性分别为87.5%、85%和82.5%、85%。结论：最大P波时限和P波离散度是预测IPAF的一种有用的心电图指标。     

P波离散度与阵发性心房颤动的关系

目的 探讨P波离散度与阵发性心房颤动(AF)的关系。方法 观察测量32例AF患者P波离散度，P波最大时限，并与30例正常人对比分析。结果 AF组的P波离散度，P波最大时限与对照组比较差异均有显著性意义（P＜0。01）。且AF组多数患者P波离散度≥40ms，P波最大时限≥110ms。结论 P波离散度及P波最大时限是预测AF体表心电图的一个可靠的指标。     

冠心病P波离散度变化的临床意义

1998年Dilaveris提出P波离散度(P wave dispersion，Pd)的新概念，指出它能反映心房内存在部位依从性非均质电活动。Pd指同步记录的体表12导联心电图，在不同导联测得P波最大时限与P波最短时限问的差值。多数人此值小于40ms，当大于40ms时，提示心房内不同部位存在非均质性电活动，是发生房性心律失常和心房颤动的电生理基础，是用体表心电图预测房性心律失常的一项新指标。     

P波离散度与原发性高血压并发阵发性心房颤动关系的研究

目的:探讨P波离散度(Pd)与原发性高血压患者并发阵发性心房颤动(PAF)的关系.方法:观察420例原发性高血压并分为两组各210例,Ⅰ组为并发PAF患者(疾病组),Ⅱ组为无PAF患者(对照组).将两组最大P波时限(Pmax)、Pd进行测量分析比较.结果:Pmax:Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组[(118.24±11.04)ms比(105±9.6)ms,P<0.05];Pd:Ⅰ组显著高于Ⅱ组[(48.02±10.29)ms比(34.82±8.66)ms,P<0.05].结论:Pmax及Pd可作为预测原发性高血压患者并发PAF发生的简单的心电图指标.     

The Effects of Trimetazidine on P-Wave Duration and Dispersion in Heart Failure Patients

Background: P-wave duration and dispersion (PWD) have been shown to be noninvasive predictors for development of atrial fibrillation. Thus, it may be possible to attenuate atrial fibrillation risk through normalization of P-wave duration and dispersion. Trimetazidine, a metabolic modulator, has been reported to improve cardiac function in heart failure (HF) patients.
Methods: Thirty-six HF patients being treated with angiotensin inhibitors, carvedilol, spironolactone, and furosemide were prescribed trimetazidine, 20 mg three times a day. Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examinations were obtained before and 6 months after addition of trimetazidine in HF patients and 36 healthy control group patients having normal echocardiographic examination.
Results: Maximum P-wave duration (Pmax) (106.7 ± 15.8 vs. 91.7 ± 12.7 ms) and PWD (57.2 ± 15.4 vs. 37.9 ± 16.7 ms) were significantly longer in HF patients compared to the control group. There were significant correlations of Pmax and PWD with left atrial diameter (r = 0.508, P = < 0.001 and r = 0.315, P = 0.029), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = 0.401, p = 0.005 and r = 0.396, P = 0.005), deceleration time (r = 0.296, P = 0.032 and r = 0.312, P = 0.035), and isovolumetric relaxation time (r = 0.265, P = 0.038 and r = 0.322, P = 0.015). There were significant improvements in LVEF (32.7 ± 6.5% to 37.2 ± 5.5%, P = 0.036), left atrial diameter (41.5 ± 6.7 to 40.3 ± 6.1 mm, P < 0.001), and Pmax (106.7 ± 15.8 to 102.2 ± 11.5 ms, P = 0.006) and PWD (57.2 ± 15.4 to 48.9 ± 10.1 ms, P < 0.001) during follow-up.
Conclusions: Trimetazidine added to optimal medical therapy in HF may improve Pmax and PWD in association with improved left ventricular function. Longer-term and larger studies are necessary to evaluate whether these findings may have clinical implications on prevention of atrial fibrillation.     

Acute sleep deprivation is associated with increased electrocardiographic P-wave dispersion in healthy young men and women

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is associated with worse cardiovascular outcome including mortality. Prolonged P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion (Pd) are known to represent inhomogeneous conduction of sinus impulses and are known to be electrophysiologic predictors of atrial fibrillation. Pd in normal subjects has been reported to be influenced by the autonomic tone. Because autonomic tone is affected by sleep and sleep duration, we evaluated the effect of acute SD on P-wave duration and Pd in healthy young adults and whether the effect was gender selective.
Methods : We obtained electrocardiograms of 37 healthy young volunteers (age: 28.45 ± 7.97; 11 women) after a night of regular sleep and repeated after a night with sleep debt. We measured minimum and maximum P-wave durations (Pmin, Pmax) and Pd in milliseconds.
Results : Average sleep time of the subjects were 7.7 ± 0.8 hours during regular sleep and 1.7 ± 1.6 hours during a night of sleep debt (P < 0.001). Subjects had significantly lower values of Pmin in milliseconds after a night of sleep debt when compared to regular sleep (65.13 ± 8.03 vs 74.86 ± 10.95; P < 0.001), whereas they had significantly higher values of Pmax and Pd (102.16 ± 9.46 vs 95.13 ± 11.21; P < 0.001 and 37.02 ± 8.11 vs 20.27 ± 11.42; P < 0.001, respectively). In Pearson's correlation analysis Pmin was positively and Pmax and Pd were negatively correlated with sleep time (P < 0.001, r = 0.465; P = 0.003, r =−0.336 and P < 0.001, r =–0.698 respectively). Effect of SD on P-wave duration and Pd was similar for both men and women.
Conclusions : In conclusion, prolongation of Pmax and Pd in acute SD suggests that acute SD might contribute to development and/or recurrence of atrial fibrillation.     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术对风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴阵发性房颤患者P波离散度的影响

目的　探讨经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术 (PBMV)对风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴阵发性房颤患者P波离散度的影响。方法　风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者 90例。依据患者是否伴阵发性房颤分为两组。不伴阵发性房颤 (A组 ) 6 0例 ,伴阵发性房颤 (B组 ) 30例 ,均接受PBMV术 ,分别测量两组患者术前及术后 3个月P波最大时限 (Pmax)和P波离散度 (Pd)。结果　术前B组患者Pmax及Pd显著高于A组 (P <0 .0 1) ,术后 3个月B组患者Pmax及Pd较术前显著减低 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　Pmax及Pd可预测风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者伴阵发性房颤的发生 ;PBMV术可改善心房电传导。降低风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴阵发性房颤患者的Pmax及Pd。     

The effects of surgical repair on P-wave dispersion in children with secundum atrial septal defect

INTRODUCTION: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases in children. P-wave dispersion has been reported to be associated with non-homogeneous propagation of sinus impulses. The heterogeneity of atrial conduction time may predispose the atria to arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of surgical repair on P-wave indices in children with isolated secundum ASD. METHODS: Children with isolated secundum ASD undergoing surgical repair (n=50; mean age, 7.0+/-3.0 years) and healthy controls (n=51; mean age, 7.6+/-2.7 years) were compared. Maximum P-wave duration (Pmax), shortest duration (Pmin) and P-wave dispersion (Pd) were measured using 12-lead surface electrocardiography. RESULTS: Mean Pmax was found to be significantly higher in children with ASD compared with controls (95.2+/-10.8 vs 84.1+/-9.2 msec; P<0.001), and Pd before surgery was significantly higher compared with controls (47.4+/-12.0 vs 38.8+/-9.7 msec; P<0.001). Both P-wave indices were significantly decreased within the first year after surgical closure - the values decreased to those comparable to healthy controls (Pmax, 86.2+/-9.7 msec; Pd, 39.8+/-10.7 msec; P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Surgical closure of ASD in children decreases Pmax and P-wave conduction time. We speculate that earlier closure of the defect may play an important role in avoiding permanent changes in the atrial myocardium and atrial fibrillation in adulthood.     

P 波离散度对高血压左心室肥厚患者心房颤动的临床意义

【目的】探讨P波离散度对高血压左心室肥厚患者心房颤动的临床价值。【方法】对本院自2010年4月至2013年3月收治的204例高血压左心室肥厚患者,根据患者的病理特征,将104例伴有心房颤动患者作为观察组,100例无心房颤动患者作为对照组,测量两组患者最大P波时限（Pmax ）、最小P波时限（Pmin）、P波离散度（P波离散度＝Pmax -Pmin）,比较两组心电图和彩色脉冲多普勒超声心动检查指标左心室质量指数（LVMI）的差异性。【结果】观察组与对照组的P波离散度分别为（45．3±10．8）m s、（30．7±11．0）m s ,两组相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）,观察组Pmax值明显高于对照组 Pmax值,两组相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）;观察组LVMI值为（152．4±14．9）g/m2,与对照组（101．1±9．2）g/m2比较,差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】P波离散度、Pmax是高血压左心室肥厚患者心房颤动的预测因子,其可为高血压左心室肥厚患者心房颤动的临床诊断提供关键的价值参考。     

心房扩大与P波离散度的相关性研究

目的:探讨心房扩大与P波离散度的关系。方法:检测超声心动图确诊为心房扩大的患者105例和105例健康人的心电图P波最大时限(Pmax)和P波离散度(Pd),以Pmax≥10ms、Pd≥40ms为阳性标准,评估心房扩大与Pd的关系。结果:与正常对照组比较,心房扩大组的Pd值明显增大,其差异有非常显著性。两组比较,Pmax无明显差异。Pd值用于诊断心房扩大的阳性率明显高于Pmax。结论:心房扩大可导致Pd值增大,Pd值可作为诊断心房扩大的一个有用的观察指标。     

老年原发性高血压患者并发阵发性心房颤动的预测研究

目的 探讨老年原发性高血压患者并发阵发性心房颤动的预测因子。方法 87例老年原发性高血压患者分为两组。A组：并发阵发性心房颤动（PAF）的老年原发性高血压患者41例，B组：无PAF的老年原发性高血压患者46例；全部病例均进行同步12导联心电图、彩色多普勒超声心动图检查覆24h动态血压监测。结果 A组P波离散度（Pd）、P波最大时限（Pmax）、左心宣心肌重量指数（LVMI）、24h平均收缩压（24hSBP）、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）均显著大于B组（均为P〈0．05）。Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示Pd、LVMI、nSBP均为老年原发性高血压患者并发PAF的独立预测因子（P〈0．05）。结论 Pd、LVMI、nSBP可以作为老年原发性高血压患者并发PAF的独立预测因子。