脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的总结脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的显微手术经验。方法显微手术治疗脊髓髓内室管膜瘤8例，随访观察术后神经功能状态。结果肿瘤全切除7例。近全切除1例。术后神经功能障碍好转6例，无变化1例，加重1例。结论采用显微外科技术，沿着正确的瘤髓界面分离、切除肿瘤是全切髓内室管膜瘤的基本保证；采用椎板成形术可提高术后脊柱稳定性；肿瘤全切除或近全切除后均不放疗。     

脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的介绍脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的显微手术治疗经验.方法显微手术治疗脊髓髓内室管膜瘤8例.随访术后神经功能状态,并对脊髓髓内室管膜瘤显微手术的手术时机、手术技巧、脊柱稳定性及术后是否放疗等进行探讨.结果手术全切除7例,手术近全切除1例.术后神经功能障碍好转6例,无变化1例,加重1例.结论对脊髓髓内室管膜瘤应早期诊断、早期手术治疗,采用显微外科技术,沿着正确的瘤-髓界面分离、切除肿瘤是其全切的基本保证,采用椎板成型术可提高术后脊柱稳定性.     

多节段髓内室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨多节段(≥3节)髓内室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗效果。方法回顾性分析46例多节段髓内室管膜瘤的临床资料,行后正中入路显微手术切除肿瘤。采用McCormick分级评估手术前后病人脊髓功能状态。结果肿瘤全切除37例(80.4%),次全切除7例(15.2%),部分切除2例(4.3%)。术后3 d病人症状体征无明显改变26例(56.5%),改善8例(17.4%),加重12例(26.1%)。术后1周根据McCormick分级,肿瘤全切除病人的脊髓功能损害加重率(32.4%)高于未全切除病人(22.2%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前McCormick分级比较,术后6个月、12个月显著改善(P 0.05),而术后1个月无明显改善(P0.05)。结论应用微创理念及操作技巧显微手术切除多节段髓内室管膜瘤可取得较好效果,显著改善远期脊髓神经功能。     

椎管内室管膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨椎管内室管膜瘤的显微手术方法及其疗效。方法 回顾性分析31例椎管内室管膜瘤的临床资料,肿瘤位于髓内25例,髓外硬脊膜下6例;颈段10例,颈胸段5例,胸段3例,胸腰段5例,腰段8例;均在神经电生理监测下行显微手术治疗。结果 6例髓外硬脊膜下肿瘤均全切除;23例髓内肿瘤,全切除15例,次全切除5例,大部分切除2例,部分切除1例。除1例髓内肿瘤病人术后神经功能较术前稍差,其余病人神经功能障碍均不同程度改善。术后随访3~36个月,行颈,胸,腰椎MRI及X线或CT复查,除2例椎板未复位,出现脊柱后凸畸形外,其余脊柱稳定性良好;未见肿瘤复发。结论 在神经电生理监测下手术,是治疗椎管内室管膜瘤的有效方法。     

髓内室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨髓内室管膜瘤的显微手术治疗方法。方法对本单位5年中57例髓内室管膜瘤病例手术方法进行分析,对肿瘤切除范围、术后椎板复位固定、患者的神经功能改善情况进行随访对比研究。结果显微外科技术的应用可以显著提高肿瘤的全切除率,并减少脊髓的功能损伤,术后神经功能显著改善;室管膜瘤的复发与肿瘤的切除程度相关,尤其肿瘤上下极囊腔需妥善的处理;术后椎板复位固定的应用减少了脊柱畸形的发生率,降低了术后并发症。结论显微外科技术的应用、术中尽可能全切除肿瘤、减少对脊髓的损伤,以及椎板复位固定等措施提高了脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的疗效。     

显微手术治疗脊髓髓内室管膜瘤14例

目的 总结脊髓髓内室管膜瘤显微手术的治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2013年12月显微手术治疗的14例脊髓髓内室管膜瘤患者的临床资料,术中采用椎管成形术。结果 肿瘤全切12例,次全切2例,全部椎板予以复位。术后随访3个月~3年,改善10例,无变化3例,加重1例;根据McCormick脊髓神经功能分级,Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级2例。结论 显微手术+椎管成形术治疗脊髓髓内室管膜瘤安全、有效。     

改良椎管扩大成形术治疗颈胸交界区髓内室管膜瘤

目的探讨利用微型钛板-钛钉内固定行改良椎管扩大成形术治疗颈胸交界区髓内室管膜瘤的可行性。方法回顾性分析2000年至2008年收治的14例颈胸交界区多节段髓内室管膜瘤患者的临床资料。结果肿瘤全切除13例,近全切除1例。14例患者均以微型钛板-钛钉行椎板复位,恢复脊柱的正常解剖结构。术后肌力改善10例,无变化3例,1例患者术前McCormick分级Ⅳ级,术后略有加重。术后随访未发现脊柱不稳病例。结论采用显微外科手术全切肿瘤是髓内室管膜瘤治疗的最佳选择;利用微型钛板-钛钉固定,行改良椎管扩大成形术,是一种简单、安全、有效的方法;在抬起的椎板获得稳定的同时,可以恢复椎管的完整性。     

电生理监测下高颈段髓内室管膜瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨高颈段髓内室管膜瘤的显微外科治疗.方法 回顾性分析23例高颈段脊髓髓内室管膜瘤,均行显微外科切除,术中均采用联合体感诱发电位(SEP)和运动诱发电位(MEP)监测辅助肿瘤切除.结果 手术全切除肿瘤17例,近全切或大部分切除5例,部分切除1例;全组无手术死亡;术后门诊或电话随访22例,随访3个月至6年,神经功能改善16例(73%),稳定无变化4例(18%),加重2例(9%),随访期间无复发;术中诱发电位结果:真阴性18例(18/19),假阴性1例,真阳性2例(2/3).结论 尽早显微手术切除是高颈段脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的有效治疗措施,术中联合SEP和MEP监测可提高肿瘤全切率,减少术后并发症,最大程度地稳定和改善神经功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the mieroneurosurgcial management for intmmedullary spinal ependymomas in the superior cervical spinal cord.MethodsClinical data of 23 patients with intramedullary ependymoma in the superior cervical spinal cord were analyzed retrospectively.All the patients were treated by microsurgery assisted with somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)and motor evoked potential(MEP).Results Total removal was achieved in 17 cases,subtotal removal in 5 cases and partial resection in 1 case.No patients died.A follow up of 3 months to 6 years by out-patient review and telephone interview were performed in 22 cases:neurological function was improved in 16 cases(73%),no changes occurred in 4(18%),deteriorated in 2(9%)and none was recurrence.Results of introperative monitoring:18 patients presented true negative findings,while 2 patient presented true positive findings,1 false positive findings.Conclusions Early microsurgical treatment is the most effective measure for intramedullary ependymoma in the superior cervical spinal cord.The combined applications of intraoperative SEP and MEP monitoring can increase removal rate,reduce postoperative complication,and improve the prognosis of the patients.     

超长节段颈髓髓内室管膜瘤手术治疗的微创理念及操作技巧

目的 探讨微创理念及操作技巧在切除超长节段（≥5节）颈髓髓内室管膜瘤中的应用。方法 回顾性分析24例超长节段颈髓室管膜瘤病人的临床资料。均采用脊髓原位原则、沿肿瘤界面分离、避免热损伤等微创理念及操作技巧切除肿瘤。统计肿瘤全切除率,并比较手术前后脊髓功能状况。结果 肿瘤全切除23例,次全切除1例;手术前后脊髓神经功能Mc Cormick分级：术前Ⅰ级9例,Ⅱ级15例;术后1周Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级2例;术后半年Ⅰ级18例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级1例。术后1周脊髓神经功能较术前变差（P 0.05）,术后半年脊髓神经功能较术前明显改善（P 0.05）;提示手术对脊髓功能有一定影响,但经康复治疗病人恢复良好。结论 应用微创理念及操作技巧切除颈段超长节段髓内室管膜瘤可取得较好疗效。     

高颈段脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨高位颈段脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的特点及显微手术切除方法。方法回顾性分析经显微手术治疗的36例高颈段脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的临床资料及治疗效果。结果肿瘤全切除31例,近全切除5例,无死亡病例。随访个6月～12年,复发2例;根据Mc-Cormick脊髓功能分级,Ⅰ级26例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级1例。结论高位颈段脊髓髓内室管膜瘤的临床症状无特异性表现,显微手术治疗可提高治疗效果,是目前最根本的治疗方法。     

Exophytic ependymoma of the thoracic spine

Exophytic ependymomas of the spinal cord are very rare outside the filum or conus region. We present a patient with a thoracic spinal cord intradural extramedullary and intramedullary, World Health Organization grade II ependymoma. Gross total resection of the extramedullary component with subtotal resection of the intramedullary tumor was achieved, since there was no clear distinction between cord and tumor. The patient received postoperative external beam radiotherapy for residual tumor, and at a 2-year follow-up he is ambulatory without evidence of tumor recurrence.     

显微手术切除加椎管重建治疗髓内室管膜瘤七例

目的探讨经显微手术切除加椎管重建治疗髓内室管膜瘤的临床疗效和预后。方法总结我科7例采用显微镜下切除肿瘤,复位椎板复合体行椎管重建治疗髓内室管膜瘤临床资料。结果 6例肿瘤手术完全切除,症状好转4例,随访未见复发及脊柱生理弯曲变形。结论微手术切除加椎管重建治疗髓内室管膜瘤效果令人满意,且能够防止脊柱生理弯曲变形。     

神经电生理监测在脊髓髓内肿瘤显微切除术中的应用

目的探讨神经电生理监测在脊髓髓内肿瘤显微切除术的应用价值。方法回顾性分析12例脊髓髓内肿瘤的临床资料。均行显微切除术,术中以体感诱发电位和肌电图监测辅助肿瘤切除。结果肿瘤全切除8例,大部分切除1例,部分切除3例。术后病理诊断：室管膜瘤5例,星形细胞瘤5例,脂肪瘤1例,蛛网膜囊肿1例。随访6~17个月,神经功能障碍不同程度恢复11例,术后神经功能障碍1例。结论显微手术是脊髓髓内肿瘤的有效治疗措施,术中辅以神经电生理监测可提高肿瘤切除率及手术安全性,最大程度保护神经功能,改善病人预后。     

Surgical experience with resection en bloc of intramedullary astrocytomas and ependymomas in the cervical and cervicothoracic region.

We performed 8 operations on 7 patients with benign intramedullary astrocytomas and ependymomas in the cervical and cervicothoracic region. All patients initially underwent gross total tumor resection en bloc. One patient with an astrocytoma showed tumor recurrence postoperatively, and underwent a second operation resulting in subtotal removal. The follow-up after the initial surgery ranged from 2.7 to 19.7 years (mean 8.5 years). Symptomatic improvement was observed in 6 patients after the initial operation. Two patients showed postoperative neurological deterioration, one with an ependymoma and the other after the second operation. No operative complications or deaths, nor postoperative respiratory dysfunction occurred. Benign intramedullary astrocytomas and ependymomas of the cervical and cervicothoracic spinal cord can be treated by radical resection en bloc with a low morbidity and recurrence, as well as acceptable outcomes. We describe here the surgical technique for en bloc tumor removal.     

脊髓髓内肿瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 总结脊髓髓内肿瘤的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析36例经显微手术治疗的脊髓髓内肿瘤病人的临床资料,术中超声辅助定位5例.结果 室管膜瘤17例,低级别星形细胞瘤(WHO I ～II级)8例,高级别星形细胞瘤(WHO Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)3例,血管母细胞瘤3例,海绵状血管瘤2例,脂肪瘤、转移瘤、畸胎瘤各1例.室管膜瘤全切率82.4%,低级别星形细胞瘤为50.0%,高级别星形细胞瘤为33.3%,血管母细胞瘤、海绵状血管瘤和转移瘤均全切,脂肪瘤和畸胎瘤次全切.术后随访3个月,根据McCormick脊髓功能状态分级:I级23例,II级7例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级3例.结论 显微手术切除脊髓髓内肿瘤是目前最有效的治疗措施.术中超声有助于术中肿瘤定位,减少手术创伤.     

Spinal cord tanycytic ependymoma associated with neurofibromatosis type 2

Tanycytic ependymoma is a rare subtype of ependymoma. Reports of this tumor in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) are rare. A 16-year-old girl presented with gait disturbance and a palpable neck mass, which had been present for 2 years. MRI revealed an intramedullary lesion within the upper cervical spinal cord, which was removed surgically. Pathological investigation revealed an uncommon form of tanycytic ependymoma associated with NF-2. This rare morphology of tanycytic ependymoma could be misinterpreted as pilocytic astrocytoma or other tumor types that exhibit elongated cells. Increased awareness of this transitional form of intramedullary ependymoma among neurosurgeons and pathologists might avoid incorrect surgical approaches and postoperative treatments.     

Thoracic exophytic ependymoma masquerading as a benign extra-axial tumor

Spinal tumors are conventionally differentiated based on location in relation to the spinal cord. Benign spinal tumors such as schwannomas and meningiomas are typically extra-axial (intradural extramedullary) lesions, whereas more aggressive primary spinal tumors such as ependymomas are typically intramedullary masses. Rarely, ependymomas can have both intramedullary and extramedullary components (typically referred to as exophytic ependymomas). We report a case of a spinal exophytic ependymoma that radiographically masqueraded as a benign intradural extramedullary lesion causing cord compression and neurologic deficit in a 47-year-old man. The diagnosis of exophytic ependymoma was made intra-operatively, with resultant gross total resection of the extramedullary portion and subtotal resection of the intramedullary portion. Histopathological examination confirmed ependymoma with World Health Organization grade II/IV. Pre-operative suspicion of an exophytic ependymoma influences operative planning and clinical management. We review the literature and discuss clinical management strategies for these interesting spinal tumors.     

脊髓髓内肿瘤显微外科治疗

目的 总结并探讨脊髓髓内肿瘤显微外科手术的治疗经验。方法 统计近3年来显微外科手术治疗18例髓内肿瘤的临床资料、手术方式及术后转归。结果 手术全切17例,大部分切除1例;病理学诊断室管膜瘤8例,星形细胞瘤6例,血管母细胞瘤3例,血管畸形1例;术后运动及感觉障碍改善14例,不明显3例,加重1例;随访共16例,未见1例复发。结论 髓内肿瘤一旦诊断应早期手术治疗。脊髓髓内肿瘤应强调显微手术镜下操作,这不仅使病变与正常脊髓更易辨清,同时使操作更为细致轻柔。仔细辨认肿瘤与脊髓界限,对全切肿瘤和保护脊髓是有帮助的。对于肿瘤与脊髓有较清楚界限时应争取显微镜下全切,但当肿瘤侵蚀已至软膜下区时,此时不能盲目追求全切,以避免永久性功能障碍。