上海市学龄儿童青少年超重肥胖影响因素分析

目的 了解上海市中小学生超重肥胖状况及其影响因素,为制订学生超重肥胖防制策略提供参考.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取上海市6个区的7 ～18岁中小学生14 301名.测试指标为身高、体重,问卷调查采用“全国学生体质健康调研学生调查问卷”.结果 上海市学生的超重率为13.9％,肥胖率为7.0％.男生高于女生,小学生高于中学生.男生、睡眠时间过短或过长、每周吃鸡蛋≥7次、上体育课感到累、不喜欢长跑是学生超重肥胖的危险因素,OR值(OR值95％ CI)分别为2.544(2.307 ～2.805),1.242(1.148～1.345),1.129(1.004 ～1.270),1.252 (1.173 ～1.337),1.185(1.112 ～ 1.262).学校组织体育活动足学生超重肥胖的保护因素(OR=0.813,95％CI=0.700～0.945).结论 儿童青少年超重肥胖与饮食习惯、体力活动以及生活方式等因素有关.     

杭州市中学生慢性病相关健康危险行为分析

了解杭州市青少年主要慢性病相关健康危险行为的流行特征,为制定有针对性的杭州市青少年慢性病行为干预策略提供依据.方法 采用二阶段分层整群抽样的方法,抽取杭州市27所初中和18所高中的2 600名学生进行问卷调查.结果 杭州市青少年每天活动<60 min的比例为85.4%,周一至周五每天看电视多于1h占35.5%,过去30 d不是每天吃早餐的比例为35.7%,每天吃水果<1次的比例为27.6%,吃蔬菜<1次/d的比例为6.2%,吸烟占6.6%.仅5.0%的青少年没有上述任意1种危险行为,同时具有1~2种的占66.1%,≥3种占28.9%.结论 杭州市青少年存在 体力活动缺乏、不健康饮食和吸烟等多种健康危险行为,需要开展多因素联合行为干预.     

儿童肥胖的早期危险因素

过去几十年间,全球儿童肥胖率显著上升.肥胖不仅影响儿童的身心健康,且与成年期代谢综合征的发生密切相关.儿童肥胖的早期危险因素主要包括孕前父母超重或肥胖、母孕期体重增长过多、孕期不良的生活方式、妊娠期糖尿病或高血压、剖宫产、巨大儿、人工喂养及缺乏身体活动等.本文拟对孕前和生命早期(母孕期至2岁)阶段中儿童肥胖的危险因素进...     

Social class, social support and obesity risk in children

Summary Selected characteristics of the social environment are tested as predictors of children's risk for obesity. Data were collected during the summer of 1991 at the University of South Alabama Springhill Paediatric Clinic (Mobile, AL, USA). Data were collected on 77 children, aged 2·5–5 years, and their primary caretaker. Obesity risk was measured by the child's weight for height score and calorie intake. Caretaker's socio-economic status, marital status, and social support predict children's obesity risk for this sample. Lower social class position, lower expressive social support, and unmarried status of the caretaker are associated with a higher calorie intake and a higher weight for height score in the child.     

天津市2014年儿童青少年超重肥胖现状及其影响因素

调查2014年天津市儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状及其影响因素,为制订学生超重肥胖防制策略提供参考.方法 按照分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取天津市7~22岁学生9 607名,测量身高、体重并计算体质量指数(BMI),问卷调查采用“全国学生体质健康调研学生调查问卷”.采用中国肥胖工作组制定的标准筛查超重、肥胖,并分析影响因素.结果 2014年天津市儿童青少年超重、肥胖的检出率分别为16.3%和14.9%.男生超重检出率(19.2%)高于女生(13.5%)(x2=56.836,P<0.01),城区学生(18.0%)高于乡村(14.6%)(x2=20.121,P<0.01);男生肥胖检出率(19.8%)高于女生(9.9%) (x2=186.000,P<0.01),城区学生(16.4%)高于乡村(13.3%)(x2=18.096,P<0.01).城区学生、男生、每天吃鸡蛋、体育课出汗且感觉累、不愿意参加长跑锻炼、平均每天看电视时间≥1h是学生发生超重肥胖的危险因素(P值均<0.05).结论 天津市7~22岁儿童青少年超重及肥胖形势严峻,日常饮食、运动态度与行为、看电视时间较长等生活方式是超重肥胖的主要影响因素.     

Association of exposure to Bisphenol A with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents

In this study, the association of exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors was investigated on 132 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years living in Isfahan, Iran. Potential contributors to BPA exposure were assessed by a questionnaire. Total BPA was detected in urine samples of all participants without significant difference in boys and girls.

The mean body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) increased significantly across the BPA tertiles (p for trend = < 0.001). Similar trend was documented for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as well as fasting blood sugar. The risk of obesity was 12.48 times higher in participants in the third tertile of BPA than in others (95% CI: 3.36–46.39, p < 0.001). The current study showed significant association between BPA exposure with obesity and some cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents, however, further longitudinal studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical effects of this finding.

Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index; BPA: Bisphenol A; BSTFA: N, O-Bistrifluoroacetamide; CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CI: Circumference Interval; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; DLLME: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method; FBS: Fasting Blood Glucose; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OR: Odd Ratio; PA: Physical Activity; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; WC: Waist Circumference.     

Taste preferences in human obesity: environmental and familial factors

Taste-response profiles influence food selection and may help distinguish among potential subgroups of obese individuals. A representative community-based sample of 61 obese and 31 lean adults tasted five sucrose solutions and nine fat-containing solid stimuli resembling cake icings. Solid stimuli contained 15-35% fat and 20-70% sucrose (by weight). No significant differences in taste responsiveness were observed between obese and lean groups. Obese subjects were then divided into subgroups based on age at onset of obesity and past fluctuations in body weight. Obese subjects characterized by large weight fluctuations showed elevated preferences for sugar and fat mixtures compared with the stable subgroup. In contrast, early age at onset of obesity (less than 10 y), thought to be a measure of familial risk, had no significant effects on taste preferences. Environmental as opposed to familial factors may be more immediate determinants of taste preferences and food choice.     

Underweight, overweight and obesity as risk factors for mortality and hospitalization

AIMS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in many countries. We aimed to investigate differences in mortality and severe morbidity between underweight people (body mass index (BMI)<18.5), overweight people (BMI 25 to <30), obese people (BMI> or =30), and those with normal weights (BMI 18.5 to <25). METHODS: Random samples of the Swedish population aged 16-74 years in 1980-81 and 1988-89 were followed for 12 years with regard to all-cause mortality and mortality from circulatory diseases, all inpatient care, and inpatient care for circulatory and musculoskeletal diseases. Relative risks (RRs) for different levels of BMI were adjusted for age, longstanding illness, smoking, and educational level at baseline. In addition, analyses were made with delayed entry until the fourth-year after interview. RESULTS: Obesity and underweight, but not overweight, was associated with higher all-cause mortality. Among underweight men, the adjusted RR for all-cause mortality was 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.6-3.6), and among underweight women it was 2.0 (1.5-2.7), but population attributable risks (PARs) were small, at 1.2% and 2.7%, respectively. Overweight was associated with increased risks for inpatient care for circulatory diseases, with PARs being 13.4% among men and 8.1% among women, and musculoskeletal diseases (PARs were 12.7% and 12.9%, respectively). Obese men and women had about 50% higher risks of all-cause mortality than normal-weight people, PARs being 3.2% and 3.8% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the findings of other studies, in that overweight seems to be an exaggerated risk factor for all-cause mortality, but is related to other chronic disease. Underweight and obesity generally implies greater increases of RRs, but avoidance of overweight may have greater effect on the population level with regard to reduced cardiovascular and locomotor disease.     

Prevalence and risk factors for smoking among adolescents

OBJECTIVE: Tobacco smoking is one of the main causes of preventable disease and premature disability. The study was aimed at measuring smoking prevalence and related risk factors among adolescents. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in a representative sample of 1,187 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years living in the urban area of Pelotas, southern Brazil. All adolescents were interviewed separately using a confidential coded questionnaire. Kaplan-Meier test was performed for survival curve analysis. RESULTS: The overall smoking prevalence rate in the sample was 12.1% (95% CI 10.3%-14%). Boys and girls had similar prevalence rates. The following were the risk factors for smoking found in the multivariate logistic regression analysis: older age (OR=28.7; 95% CI 11.5-71.4), older smoking siblings (OR=2.4; 95% CI 1.5-3.8), three or more smoking friends (OR=17.5; 95% CI 8.8-34.8) and low schooling (OR=3.5; 95% CI 1.5-8.0). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking among adolescents in the city of Pelotas was high. Campaigns against tobacco use should be aimed at the community and families, targeting adolescents. The government must adopt legal actions in order to prevent adolescents to have access to to smoking.     

Prevention of childhood obesity: sociocultural and familial factors

This study examined sociocultural and familial factors related to the prevention of childhood obesity. Primary caregivers of 6- to 10-year-old children representing several ethnic populations in Saipan participated in 4 focus groups (N=32). Trained moderators used semi-structured interviews and qualitative methods were used in data analysis. A central theme with several related factors emerged. The theme was a conflict expressed by the primary caregiver between sociocultural values, family expectations, traditional dietary beliefs and attitudes, and knowledge about food and disease. These findings have important implications for designing culturally sensitive interventions for prevention of childhood obesity.     

Independent risk factors for endometrial polyps: diabetes,hypertension, and obesity

ObjectiveTo study the role of diabetes, hypertension and obesity in etiology of endometrial polyps.MethodsA total of 250 patients with endometrial polyp and 256 patients normal endometrial cavity were included, who applied to our outpatient clinic. We recorded the age, fertility state, body mass index, number of polyps, hypertension and diabetes status of the patients by using SPSS Windows 16.0. All patients in polyp group were verified by post-operative pathology report.ResultsNo significant difference was found in patients with diabetes and obesity, but hypertension was a significant factor in patients who had endometrial polyp comparing to total patient population (n=526).ConclusionsThis finding may alert the physician to consider the endometrial cavity in hypertensive patients who applied with abnormal uterine bleeding.     

Social and behavioral determinants of self-reported STD among adolescents

CONTEXT: Adolescents have among the highest sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates. Rich data are now available to characterize the social and behavioral factors that affect adolescent STD risk. METHODS: Data from Wave 1 (1995) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) are used to estimate school, neighborhood, family and individual level effects on acquiring an STD. Data from Waves 1 and 2 (1996) of Add Health are also used to estimate the effects of prior STD acquisition and other factors on STD occurrence between waves. Random intercept logistic regression and random intercept piecewise exponential hazard regression are used to account for possible clustering in the Add Health data. RESULTS: Seven percent of sexually experienced teenagers reported ever having had an STD as of Wave 1, and almost 7% reported having had an STD between Waves 1 and 2. Respondents' age, gender, race or ethnicity, and their family background, neighborhood and school characteristics affect STD acquisition at Wave 1. Among teenagers who were sexually experienced at Wave 1, younger age at first intercourse elevates STD risk. Other factors contribute, but to a lesser degree. For acquisition of an STD between Waves 1 and 2, females, blacks, teenagers with lower levels of mother's education and those who have had a prior STD are at higher risk. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple social and behavioral factors influence lifetime history of STD. Age at first intercourse and STD history affect subsequent STD acquisition. Self-reports of STD acquisition in probability samples of the general population are useful.     

江西省儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状及影响因素分析

  目的  了解江西省儿童青少年超重肥胖现状及其影响因素,为制定超重肥胖防治策略提供依据。  方法  采用分层随机整群抽样方法,于2019年3—11月对江西省11个设区市77 780名中小学生进行体格检查和问卷调查。  结果  江西省儿童青少年超重检出率为20.5%,肥胖检出率为8.4%。超重和肥胖检出率均随着学段的上升呈下降趋势(χ2值分别为178.65,389.86),男生均高于女生(χ2值分别为1 061.06,504.21),城区均高于郊县(χ2值分别为56.17,34.14)(P值均＜0.01)。不同经济片区中,中片区(23.3%,9.7%)的超重和肥胖检出率最高,其次为好片区(21.1%,8.7%)、差片区(18.2%,7.2%),且差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为266.29,143.90,P值均＜0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,社会人口学方面,江西省儿童青少年超重和肥胖的影响因素均为经济片区、居住地、学段和性别;饮食行为方面,超重的影响因素为含糖饮料、甜食、新鲜水果和蔬菜食用频率,肥胖的影响因素为甜食、新鲜水果食用频率(P值均＜0.05)。  结论  江西省儿童青少年超重肥胖形势严峻,应在社会、学校、家庭的共同努力下进行综合防控。     

Parent-child obesity and cardiovascular risk factors

Blood pressure, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were studied in obese children and obese parents selected to participate in a weight treatment program. The relationships between parent and child risk levels, as well as the relationship between child and parent weight and risk factors, were established. Results showed that children's cholesterol and triglycerides were related to parental lipid levels, independent of weight. Children's blood pressure readings were strongly related to their weight, but not to parental blood pressure. High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were negatively related to weight in both child and parent female populations, and weakly positively related to weight for male children. Implications of these risk factor patterns for intervention are discussed.