20世纪胸伤救治回顾

本文回顾公元前３０００年～公元２０００年中外胸伤救治简史，重点介绍本世纪在止痛、固定、连枷胸－肺挫伤－ＡＲＤＳ治疗、心脏刀伤类型和手术种类选择、心脏钝伤诊断、胸主动脉损伤等方面的救台原则及其来源、演变原因和现状，并结合我国胸伤实际提出２１世纪胸伤救治重点。     

三例损伤性胸壁肺疝的诊治

损伤性胸壁肺疝少见，笔者于近４年收治的２００例胸部刀伤中出现３例。临床资料３例均为男性，年龄４０～５３岁。均为胸部刀伤。１例手术治疗，另２例拒绝手术。例１，右腋后线８肋间５ｃｍ刀伤，左腋前线４肋间刀伤，胸片见双侧作者单位：１５７０００牡丹江市第二人民...     

腹腔镜用于腹部刀伤的体会

对73例腹部开放性刀伤患者采用腹腔镜诊断和治疗,并观察临床疗效和中转开腹手术率,发现腹腔镜诊断和治疗具有创伤小、能有效降低阴性剖腹探查等优点,效果满意,值得在临床推广。     

原发性心脏肿瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的：探讨心脏原发性肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗经验。方法：1985－01～2001－06手术治疗的49例心脏原发性肿瘤病例进行回顾性分析。结果：手术死亡1例，42例心脏粘液瘤无远期死亡和复发，恶性肿瘤均手术后6个月内死亡。结论：原发性心脏肿瘤的诊断以二维超声检查为佳，治疗均需尽早手术治疗。手术切除时应尽可能全层广泛切除以免术后复发，同时注意心脏功能和结构完整性。     

超声心动图诊断心脏恶性肿瘤

超声心动图诊断心脏恶性肿瘤王廉一李越温朝阳心内肿瘤良性者多见，且以心房粘液瘤居多。恶性肿瘤虽占心脏肿瘤的比例较小，但其预后差，及时诊断，有助于治疗。超声诊断易与良性肿瘤混淆。本文报道两例心脏恶性肿瘤的超声表现及诊断。１病例报导例１男，４２岁。因劳力性...     

心脏、大血管创伤的临床救治

目的 探讨心脏、大血管刨伤的早期诊断及治疗经验。方法 回顾急诊手术治疗29例心脏、大血管创伤的临床资料，分析穿透性损伤和钝性损伤的临床特点，以及早期诊断及治疗特点。结果 全组死亡3例，死亡率为10％(3／29)，其中闭合性损伤2例，穿透伤1例；其余无并发症，痊愈出院，随访6个月～10年，恢复良好。结论 心脏、大血管创伤应早期准确诊断；加强对急性心脏压塞和(或)休克的处理，紧急开胸手术是改善预后的关键。     

十二指肠创伤性破裂的诊断与治疗

十二指肠创伤性破裂的诊断与治疗陈积贤临床资料男８例，女３例；年龄最大５７岁，最小１７岁，平均２６岁，闭合伤９例，开放伤２例。合并损伤器官１３例次。本组伴休克者２例。损伤原因：车祸伤２例，重物撞伤２例，拳脚打踢伤２例，坠落伤３例，刀伤２例。损伤部位：十...     

外科治疗心脏金属异物20例

目的 通过心脏金属异物20例的外科救治分析，以期提高早期诊断和手术治疗水平。方法 本组病例根据病史、体征，结合胸部X线及超声心动图等确立诊断。急诊手术13例，限期手术7例，其中体外循环下手术4例。心脏异物多位于右室，异物最多为子弹头。结果 痊愈19例，死亡1例，手术死亡率5％。结论 早期诊断、快速急救、选择适当的手术治疗方案及方法，对心脏异物损伤具有重要意义。     

胸腹严重多发伤并五次心跳骤停抢救成功一例

患者女，２５岁。头颈、胸腹、臂等１４处刀伤，入院时严重失血性休克，并发心跳骤停。立即胸外心脏按压、人工呼吸，约３分钟心跳恢复。剖腹探查发现腹腔积血２５００ｍｌ，后腹膜有巨大血肿，右髂总静脉破裂１．２ｃｍ，肠系膜４处裂伤。行右髂总静脉结扎、肠系膜修补术...     

心脏粘液瘤的诊断与外科治疗

心脏粘液瘤的诊断与外科治疗李庆新★高秀峰★吕国祯★徐克劲★董逸飞★樊西林★关键词心脏粘液瘤诊断外科治疗超声心动图中国图书资料分类法分类号Ｒ７３２．１我科自１９８３年１月至１９９５年１２月共收治心脏粘液瘤８例，现简要报告如下。１临床资料本组男６例，女２...     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.