大肠腺瘤中细胞凋亡和增殖相关基因的表达与意义

目的：探讨大肠腺瘤中细胞凋亡和增殖相关基因的表达与意义。方法：用脱氧核糖核酸末端转移酶介导的TUNEL法缺口末端标记和免疫组化技术，检测45例大肠腺瘤组织细胞的原位凋亡（AI）、原位增殖（KI）及bcl-2、bax基因表达；并设立20例正常大肠粘膜和40例大肠癌为对照组，探讨细胞凋亡和细胞增殖在大肠癌早期发生中的作用。结果：正常结肠粘膜有少量的bcl-2、bax和ki－67（用KI表示）表达及少量凋亡细胞存在，但无异常表达。大肠腺瘤中bcl-2表达和KI明显增加，与正常组相比P均＜0.05；AI和bax表达轻度增加，与正常相比P＜0.05。bax与AI表达呈正相关（P＜0.01），bcl－2和bax及AI呈负相关。大肠癌中bcl-2表达和KI表达虽增加，但与腺瘤相比无统计学差异P＞0.05；大肠癌组织中AI和bax表达明显增加且与腺瘤组相比P＜0.05。结论：大肠癌发生早期即腺瘤中就有细胞凋亡调控基因及增殖基因的表达异常，且以抗凋亡基因bcl-2和增殖基因表达占主导地位。该基因的表达异常可能是大肠癌发生的一个较早期分子标志；细胞凋亡增加和bax表达异常可能是大肠癌发生的一个相对较早期分子生物学事件。早期检测抗细胞凋亡基因和增殖基因，有助于对大肠癌早期发生的评估。     

大肠黏膜癌变过程中survivin、p16表达及微血管密度检测的临床意义

目的 探讨大肠黏膜癌变过程中survivin、p16表达及微血管密度检测的临床意义.方法 免疫组化SABC法检测正常大肠黏膜(15例),炎性息肉(15例),腺瘤性息肉(23例)和原发性大肠癌(48例)组织中survivin、p16蛋白表达和微血管密度(MVD).结果 (1)survivin阳性表达率在正常大肠黏膜、炎性及腺瘤性息肉和大肠癌组中呈递增趋势,大肠癌和腺瘤性息肉组明显高于正常黏膜组.p16阳性表达率呈递减趋势,大肠癌组低于正常黏膜组.MVD呈递增趋势,大肠癌与腺瘤性息肉组较正常黏膜组明显增高.(2)survivin表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤部位无关,与分化程度和Duke分期有关;MVD仅与Dukes分期有关;p16表达与上述临床病理特征无关.(3)survivin和p16表达、p16表达与MVD均呈负相关;survivin表达与MVD呈正相关;survivin-/p16+组MVD明显低于survivin+/p16-和survivin+/p16+组,与sunrivin-/p16-相组比有降低趋势.结论 survivin高表达、p16表达缺失和MVD增高在大肠黏膜癌变过程中起重要作用.三者联合检查对于大肠癌早期诊断具有一定的参考价值.survivin和p16与肿瘤血管生成有关.     

大肠肿瘤的基因表达及与细胞凋亡的抑制关系

目的探讨 bcl-2和 P53蛋白在大肠肿瘤中的表达及与细胞凋亡关系。方法用免疫组化方法观察了45例大肠腺瘤和61例大肠癌中 bcl-2和 P53蛋白的表达。结果正常大肠粘膜中 bcl-2和 p53均未见表达,而大肠腺瘤及大肠癌阳性率均较正常明显增加(P<0.01)。大肠腺瘤 p53表达随腺瘤大小增加而增加,其中≥20 mm 组阳性率(77.8%)显著高于<10 mm 组(35.0%,P<0.05)。P53蛋白阳性率也随不典型增生程度增加而增高。p53表达与大肠癌分化程度及 Duke 分期有关。大肠癌细胞凋亡指数与 bcl-2阳性表达呈负相关。大肠腺瘤中 bcl-2和 P53蛋白的表达也呈负相关。结论 bcl-2蛋白表达对大肠癌前病变.腺瘤的增殖有一定意义,p53在大肠腺瘤癌变和大肠癌进展中起重要作用,它们是参与细胞凋亡的良好指标。     

转化生长因子TGF-α和p53基因在大肠癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨TGF-α和p53在大肠癌发生、发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化法检测155份大肠癌组织（大肠癌组）、25份大肠腺瘤组织（腺瘤组）及25份正常肠组织（对照组）中TGF-α、p53表达;分析TGF-α、p53表达与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系。结果对照组、腺瘤组及大肠癌组TGF-α表达阳性率分别为0、20%、37.4%,三组间比较无明显差异;p53表达阳性率分别为0、0、51.0%,大肠癌组与对照组、腺瘤组比较,P均〈0.05。大肠癌组p53和TGF-α同时阳性者5年生存率为1.9%,明显低于单一阳性表达者（28.3%）及两者均阴性者（69.8%）,P均〈0.05。结论 TGF-α和p53在大肠癌组织中呈高表达,在大肠癌发生、发展中起促进作用;检测二者水平对判断大肠癌恶性程度和估计预后有一定临床价值。     

P53、malat1、ki-67和β-catenin基因mRNA检测在大肠癌分子诊断中的意义

目的:初步研究多个大肠癌相关基因p53、malat1、ki-67和β-catenin在大肠癌分子诊断中的意义.方法:收集手术切除的新鲜大肠癌组织标本47例、大肠腺瘤组织标本13例,以及分别和大肠癌、大肠腺瘤对应的正常大肠黏膜组织标本53例,用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测各基因的Ct值.结果:p53、malat1在大肠癌组表达量均高于大肠腺瘤组(P=0.026,P=0.034),但是p53在正常大肠黏膜组、大肠腺瘤组和大肠癌组中表达依次增高,而malat1在大肠腺瘤组、正常大肠黏膜组和大肠癌组中表达量依次增高,大肠腺瘤组mRNA表达最低.ki-67在大肠癌组的表达量是正常黏膜组表达量的1.42倍(P=0.007).β-catenin基因在三组间的表达差异无统计学意义.各基因的表达量均和大肠癌的分期无关.经ROC曲线分析,p53的曲线下面积是0.755(P<0.05),在大肠腺瘤组和大肠癌组的最佳Cut-off值分别是2.585、3.215,malat1的曲线下面积是0.748(P<0.05),在大肠腺瘤组和大肠癌组的最佳Cut-off值分别是0.925、1.395;二元Logistic回归分析,p53和malat1进入回归模型(P<0.05).联合检测p53和malat1在大肠腺瘤组和大肠癌组的ROC曲线下面积为0.785(P=0.01),在大肠腺瘤组的和大肠癌组的最佳Cut-off值分别是0.750、0.790.p53和malat1联合检测的ROc曲线下面积均高于单独检测的ROC曲线下面积.结论:p53和malat1在大肠癌的分子诊断中有一定的应用价值.可为鉴别大肠腺瘤和大肠癌提供有效的参考;和单独检测相比,二者联和检测的准确性高于单独检测的准确性.     

结肠癌组织中p53和凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax的表达及其临床意义

组织芯片已广泛应用于恶性肿瘤的相关研究，但用于研究相关癌基因在结肠癌中表达变化的报道尚较少。目的：研究结肠癌、结肠腺瘤和癌旁结肠黏膜组织中p53和凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax的表达及其临床意义。方法 取85例结肠癌、18例结肠腺瘤和9例癌旁结肠黏膜组织分别制成72点和104点两块组织芯片，以免疫组化方法检测芯片中p53、bel-2和bax的表达。结果：p53、bcl．2和bax在结肠癌、结肠腺瘤和癌旁结肠黏膜组织中的表达有显著差异（P〈0．01），p53、bel-2在结肠癌中的表达高于结肠腺瘤和癌旁结肠黏膜组织，bax在结肠癌中的表达低于结肠腺瘤和癌旁结肠黏膜组织。p53和bax在不同组织学分化程度结肠癌中的表达有显著差异（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），但两者之间无相关性（L=-0．081，P〉0．05），p53与bcl-2的表达呈正相关（rs=0．245，P〈0．01）。bcl-2的表达与结肠癌临床病理参数无关。结论：p53异常表达可能是结肠癌发生中的较晚期事件，bcl-2高表达和bax低表达可能参与了结肠癌的形成过程。bax低表达的结肠癌细胞更具有恶性分化潜能。     

大肠小扁平腺瘤、息肉样腺瘤p53、p21表达的研究

目的:观察大肠小扁平腺瘤p53、p21基因的表达,探讨小扁平腺瘤与息肉样腺瘤生物学行为的不同及其与大肠癌的关系.方法:利用免疫组化法研究50例小扁平腺瘤(A组)和30例息肉样腺瘤(B组)以及20例正常大肠黏膜(C组)的p53、P21基因表达情况.结果:p53、p21 在A、B、C 三组中阳性率分别为58%、56%;33.3%、36.7%;5%、10%.P53阳性率三组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).p21阳性率:A、B组分别与C组有差异显著性(P＜0.05);A组高于B组,但卡方检验P＞0.05,无统汁学差异;A组进一步与B组中直径＜1.0cm的腺瘤的p21阳性率(30%)比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:大肠小扁平腺瘤p53、p21基因的异常表达提示小扁平腺瘤的生物学行为与息肉样腺瘤有差别,可能更易于恶变.     

survivin、VEGF、微血管密度在大肠癌中的黏膜组织表达及意义

应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测53例大肠癌、21例大肠腺瘤、12例健康人大肠黏膜中生存素（survivin）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达及微血管密度（MVD）。结果大肠癌中survivin、VEGF阳性率及MVD值均显著高于大肠腺瘤病变及正常大肠组织（P均〈0.05）。survivin表达水平与患者的性别、年龄、组织分化程度、临床分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移无明显相关;VEGF表达水平及MVD与组织分化程度、浸润深度、临床分期、淋巴结转移有相关性。提示survivin在大肠癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,并参与了肿瘤血管的形成。     

大肠癌的相关基因表达和早期诊断意义

目的探讨大肠癌及癌前病变多个相关基因表达水平和诊断意义方法用RT-PCR及PCR-SSCP方法分别检测大肠癌、大肠腺瘤、溃疡性结肠炎及正常组织中p53,p73,DCC,APC,C-myc,K-ras基因mRNA表达及DNA突变,相比较各组间进行x2检验结果在结肠癌、结肠腺性息肉、溃疡性结肠炎、正常组织中的高表达率分别为55%,57%,50%,0%.突变率分别为37.5%,14.3%,8.3%,0%,有显著差异(P<0.05).p73基因高表达率分别为82.5%,81.6%,41.7%,15.4%,也有显著差异(P<0.05),仅大肠癌组检出7例p73基因缺失.DCC基因的高表达率、突变率、缺失率在大肠癌分别为5%,47.5%,40%,结肠腺瘤分别为4.1%,14.3%、18.4%,溃疡性结肠炎分别为16.7%,25%,0%,正常组仅1例高表达.APC基因在大肠癌的高表达率、突变率、缺失率分别为57.5%,30%,5%,大肠腺瘤的高表达率、突变缺失率分别为44.9%,34.7%,2.0%Cmyc基因在大肠癌、大肠腺瘤、溃疡性结肠炎、正常对照组织高表达率分别为95%,63.3%,66.7%,0%.K-ras基因大肠癌、大肠腺瘤、溃疡性结肠炎中高表达率分别为60%,57.1%,58.3%.突变率分别为40%,24.5%,16.7%,正常组织无高表达及突变.结论本研究提示p53基因高表达在大肠癌前病变即已发生,与大肠癌的发展阶段有关.p53基因突变可能与腺瘤的癌变有关.p73高表达在大肠腺瘤即已发生,且p73基因缺失可能与大肠腺瘤的癌变有关.p73在同位癌及癌组织中表达有显著差异,可能为新发现的癌基因.DCC基因以突变和缺失方式参与大肠癌的发生,但出现较晚,对大肠癌的基因诊断有重要意义.APC基因在大肠腺瘤阶段即已发生较高的异常表达.p53,p73,APC基因改变为大肠癌发生的早期事件,对大肠癌早期诊断有重要意义.C-myc,K-ras基因的高表达与大肠肿瘤的进展过程有关,可作为大肠癌的早期基因诊断的重要标志物.在大肠腺瘤和溃疡性结肠炎已发生大肠肿瘤的基因表达水平改变,可被认定为大肠肿瘤癌前病变.     

老年人大肠癌中survivin基因的表达及临床意义

目的检测survivin基因在老年人大肠癌、正常大肠黏膜组织上的表达,探讨其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化S-P法对56例老年人大肠癌和33例正常大肠黏膜组织检测survivin基因的表达。结果survivin基因在老年人大肠癌与正常黏膜组织中的表达率分别为48.2%(27例)和12.1%(4例),差异有统计学意(P<0.05),而与组织学分级、Dukes分期、有无淋巴结转移差异无统计学意义。在随访组中,5年存活27例,survivin蛋白阳性表达6例,阳性表达率22.2%;死亡15例中,阳性表达12例(80.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论survivin基因表达上调可能促进了老年大肠癌的发生,临床上通过检测survivin基因阳性表达率对患者预后可能有临床意义。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。