胃、结、直肠癌术中门静脉置管术后化疗预防肝转移

目的研究观察在中、晚期胃癌、结、直肠癌根治术中门静脉置管术后化疗对预防肿瘤肝转移的临床疗效。方法选取1998～2002年可行根治性切除的中、晚期胃癌、结、直肠癌患者96例,其中42例术中经胃网膜右静脉置管进入门静脉,1周后经此管给醛氢叶酸(CF)200mgm2,第1天,第14天,顺铂(DDP)50mgm2滴注,第1天,5-氟脲嘧啶(5-FU)2500mgm2,第1天,第14天,以便携式输液泵持续滴注72h。另外54例仅行根治性切除作为对照。结果两组病人全部随访1～3年,观察组中1例出现肝转移,对照组9例出现肝转移。观察组主要不良反应为肝功能损害、发热及胃肠道反应等,经相应对症处理可缓解。结论术中门静脉置管术后化疗对中、晚期胃肠癌术后肝转移的预防有明显效果。     

雷替曲塞联合铂类肝动脉持续化疗和栓塞治疗肝转移癌临床观察

目的观察雷替曲塞联合铂类行肝动脉持续灌注化疗和栓塞治疗肝转移癌的近期疗效和安全性。方法 38例经临床和病理确诊的肝转移癌患者,其中胃癌肝转移9例,结肠癌肝转移10例,直肠癌肝转移7例,食管癌肝转移5例,肺癌肝转移3例,卵巢癌肝转移3例,宫颈癌肝转移1例。采用Seldinger技术超选择肝动脉至肿瘤供血动脉,于此留置导管回病房用动脉泵行持续动脉灌注化疗铂类6h,雷替曲塞15min,然后再入导管室于肿瘤供血动脉行超液化碘油和表柔比星混悬液栓塞术。结果 38例患者中CR2例,PR22例,SD10例,PD4例。RR63.2%。副反应主要有骨髓抑制,为Ⅲ0以下,均能耐受,无严重副反应。有2例Ⅳ0胃肠道反应,其余均为Ⅲ0以下,经对症治疗可缓解。栓塞术后综合征主要有疼痛、发热,对症治疗均可缓解。结论雷替曲塞联合铂类行肝动脉持续化疗和栓塞治疗肝转移癌疗效确切,无严重不良反应,患者均能耐受,值得临床进一步探讨。     

胃肠道间质瘤肝转移手术切除的疗效分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤肝转移手术切除的疗效及价值。方法回顾性分析2004年3月至2007年5月57例CD117阳性胃肠道间质瘤肝转移中15例行肝转移灶切除的临床病理资料,并进行生存分析。结果15例胃肠道间质瘤肝转移患者中,同时性肝转移3例,异时性肝转移12例。其中肝转移灶行解剖型切除5例,不规则切除10例。无手术死亡发生。肝切除术后1年、2年、3年无病生存率分别为93．3％、53．3％、26．7％。中位无病生存期27个月。术后再次复发转移率86．7％,其中残余肝转移12例,肝外转移1例。结论局限的同时性或异时性肝转移患者经选择行转移灶切除是安全的,并可获得较长的生存。     

手术加肝动脉置泵化疗治疗肝癌54例体会

目的：探讨手术加肝动脉置泵化疗对肝癌的治疗价值。方法：对54例肝癌患者行肝癌切除（或姑息切除）加肝动脉置泵或单纯行肝动脉置泵，药盒均置于皮下，术后经泵反复给药化疗。结果54例病例均取得良好的治疗效果，肿瘤均不同程度缩小，生活质量得到改善，Ⅱ期手术切除9例。生存期：所有肝癌完全切除（或姑息切除）加置泵47例，1、3、5、5年以上生存率分别2．12、34．04、44．68、19．15；单纯肝动脉置泵7例，1、3、5以上生存率分别为14．29、28．57、57．14。结论：肝癌切除加肝动脉置泵化疗在治疗肝癌尤其是小肝癌效果尤佳，适用范围广。肝动脉置泵操作较简单，并发症及手术风险较少。术后给药方便，减少了病人全身化疗的痛苦。有利于临床推广应用。     

双介入法治疗胃窦癌术后残端复发

目的探讨双介入法治疗胃窦癌胃大部切除术后残端复发的疗效及临床价值。方法11例远端胃癌胃大部切除术后残端复发并狭窄患者，其中2例伴腹水，3例肝转移。均行内支架及腹腔动脉化疗，2例腹水者首次行腹腔化疗，肝转移者行碘油栓塞。根据病人情况重复腹腔动脉化疗。所有病例均获随访。结果6个月生存率63．6％，12个月生存率45％，18个月生存率18％。平均生存期12个月。结论动脉化疗并支架植入治疗残胃癌，可以延长患者的生存期，提高生存质量。     

结直肠癌并发肠梗阻外科治疗的临床分析

目的：探讨结直肠癌并发肠梗阻的急诊外科治疗方法及效果。方法：回顾性分析2000年3月～2006年3月间120例结直肠癌并发肠梗阻行急诊手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果：右半直肠癌并肠梗阻84例,左半结肠和直肠癌并肠梗阻36例,其中一期切除吻合80例（右半结肠一期切除吻合62例,左半结肠直肠一期切除吻合18例）,Hartmann手术12例,Dixon手术7例,回肠乙状结肠或回肠直肠捷径手术10例,肿瘤近端肠管造口11例,术后出现并发症18例（15％）,为切口感染,腹腔感染和肠瘘死亡1例,119例（99．1％）痊愈出院。结论：术中经阑尾残端行结肠灌注并一期切除吻合治疗结直肠瘘并发急性肠梗阻,是方便可行和安全有效的。     

Ⅳ期直肠癌的外科治疗及预后分析

目的:探讨Ⅳ期直肠癌患者原发病灶切除的价值和适应证.方法:回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月在外科治疗的118例Ⅳ期直肠癌患者的临床资料,将118例分为二组,手术切除原发病灶组(105例)和仅行造瘘术组(13例).采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log-rank检验进行统计学比较,应用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析.结果:118例中105例行直肠原发病灶切除,同期行转移瘤切除16例;13例行造瘘术.手术切除原发病灶组总的5年生存率为8.5%.其中同期行转移瘤切除者5年生存率31.2%,行辅助化疗者5年生存率20%.手术切除原发病灶组与造瘘组中位生存期分别为15个月、13个月(x2=0.736.P=0.778).手术切除原发病灶组中转移灶切除和转移灶未切除中位生存期分别为20个月、14个月(x2=5.382,P=0.020).手术切除原发病灶加术后全身化疗为主者中位生存期为21个月,多因素分析显示原发肿瘤分化程度、肝转移瘤最大径和全身化疗是影响直肠原发肿瘤切除预后的最主要因素,结论:对于Ⅳ期直肠癌能同时切除原发及转移病灶的患者,外科手术治疗可延长生存时间.     

30例肺癌合并肝脏转移的双重介入治疗的临床研究

目的：探讨临床双重介入治疗肺癌合并肝转移瘤的临床效果。方法：对30例晚期肺癌合并肝转移的患者，采用经股动脉穿插管选择性经支气管动脉和肝动脉分支进行化疗栓塞术。结果：肺癌原发灶有效率为36．7％（11／30），肝转移灶有效率为40%（12／30）。肺原发灶合并肝转移灶有效率为33．3％（10／30），半年和1年生存率分别为80％和33.3%.结论：临床经支气管动脉和肝动脉双重联合介入治疗肺癌合并肝转移是一种安全、有效的姑息性治疗方法。     

结肠癌伴同时性肝转移手术治疗及预后调查

[目的]探讨结肠癌同时性肝转移患者手术治疗选择和预后的因素。[方法]对某院2006~2008年收治的106例结肠癌同时性肝转移手术治疗患者进行分析,通过单因素分析和Cox比例风险模型多因素分析确定患者预后的影响因素。[结果]106例患者中位数生存期为12个月,1年及3年生存率分别为50.9%和10.4%。肝转移瘤切除患者3年生存率为41.7%。单因素分析结果显示,原发肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、肝转移灶数目、肝转移瘤切除、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平、介入治疗和全身化疗为影响预后因素。多因素分析显示肿瘤分化程度、肝转移瘤切除、肝转移瘤数目、介入治疗和全身化疗与预后有关。[结论]肝转移的结肠癌同时性肝转移患者应尽早积极手术根治原发灶及肝转移灶,配合介入、化疗等综合治疗可延长患者生存期。     

肠癌并肝转移介入治疗与姑息化疗临床对比分析

目的探讨肠癌并肝转移介入治疗与姑息化疗临床对比分析。方法 105例结直肠癌肝转移患者,随机分为两组,治疗组为行肝动脉介入栓塞化疗,对照组为行单纯全身化疗。结果治疗组和对照组在OS、OSL、mTTP中进行比较显示均有显著性统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论患者应用综合治疗后,在OS、OSL、mTTP方面的疗效表现相对于单纯应用全身化疗疗效显著,可以应用于临床治疗。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.