单侧与双侧钢板内固定治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效对比

目的 比较单侧钢板(外侧解剖锁定板)和双侧钢板(外侧解剖锁定板结合内侧重建板)内固定治疗股骨远端干骺端粉碎性骨折的疗效.方法 33例股骨远端干骺端粉碎性骨折根据内固定方式不同分为单侧钢板组(20例)和双侧钢板组(13例),比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、术后膝关节功能评价及术后并发症发生情况.结果 33例均获平均24个月(14～36个月)随访.两组术中出血量、骨折愈合时间及膝关节功能评价优良率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组手术时间及术后膝内外翻情况比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 与单侧钢板固定相比,双侧钢板固定股骨远端干骺端粉碎性骨折遵循生物力学固定原理,固定更稳定,固定强度更高,能早期进行功能锻炼,手术效果更显著.     

股骨远端复杂骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨远端严重粉碎骨折有效治疗方法. 方法在动物实验基础上,我们于2001年3月～2002年8月,应用AO髁支持钢板及自行设计翼状解剖型钢板内固定与同种异体骨移植治疗股骨远端复杂骨折26例,均为AO/ASIF分类中33C3.3.采用AO技术,术中平均植骨46 g. 结果术后24例伤口Ⅰ期愈合,2例伤口感染经换药愈合.24例4～11个月达到骨性愈合,2例过早负重致固定失败而再次手术.随访7～25个月,平均14个月,根据Shelbourne and Brueckmann膝关节功能评定标准,优5例,良18例,可1例,差2例,优良率为88.5%. 结论翼状解剖型钢板远端螺钉孔为长椭圆形且有连续钉孔,适合于严重粉碎骨折;翼状解剖型钢板及髁支持钢板内固定与充分植骨是治疗股骨远端复杂骨折较理想的方法,同种异体骨可以取代自体髂骨植骨.     

胫骨远端前外侧解剖型锁定钢板治疗不稳定性Pilon骨折的生物力学研究

目的探讨胫骨远端前外侧解剖型锁定钢板治疗不稳定性Pilon骨折的生物力学性能。方法将7具新鲜湿润的成人踝关节标本随机分为四组,1具标本作为正常对照组(N组);其余6具均造成胫骨远端不稳定性Pilon骨折,分成3组,每组2具标本,分别采用胫骨远端前外侧解剖型锁定钢板(A组)、三叶草钢板(B组)、重建钢板固定(C组),后两组为对照组,测试各组的远端轴向强度、刚度,扭转生物力学性能,胫距关节面接触特征。结果 A组在胫骨远端不稳定性Pilon骨折的远端轴向强度、刚度,扭转生物力学性能以及胫距关节面接触特征上接近N组(P0.05),优于B、C组(P0.05)。结论胫骨远端前外侧解剖型锁定钢板治疗不稳定性Pilon骨折不但具有优越的生物力学性能,而且操作简便、安全可靠,Pilon骨折固定的关节稳定性明显比其他内固定材料占有较大的优势,是较为理想的选择。     

股骨远端粉碎性骨折双向固定的生物力学研究

目的 为探讨股骨远端粉碎性骨折治疗的新方法、减少其并发症。方法 本研究用10件成人鲜尸股骨,造成股骨远端髁间髁上粉碎性骨折,采用内侧聚乙烯板,外侧钢板双向固定,另取10件标本作单外侧钢板固定对照,分别作压缩、弯曲、扭转刚度的生物力学实验研究。结果 双向固定组,抗弯曲、扭转的应力显著增强(P<0.01),抗压缩应力的能力也较单侧固定组强(P<0.05)。结论 本研究发现,双向固定治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折有明显的价值,利于满意复位,保护碎骨块,防止移位,操作容易。双板固定在生物力学方面有较好的抗弯曲、扭转和压缩应力。本新方法可帮助预防膝内、外翻等并发症,促进骨折愈合。     

单侧与双侧钢板内固定治疗AO-A3型股骨远端骨折的试验研究

目的对单侧、双侧钢板内固定治疗干骺端粉碎性股骨远端骨折生物力学稳定性进行比较。方法笔者于2016-04—2016-06选取8个配对的经防腐处理的成人股骨标本,建立AO-A3型骨折模型,随机分为2组,单侧钢板组用外侧解剖锁定接骨板固定,双侧钢板组外侧用解剖锁定接骨板、内侧用直型接骨板固定。应用电子万能试验机对单侧与双侧钢板组进行生物力学检测,比较2组垂直加压、循环垂直加压及极限载荷下的稳定性。结果单侧钢板组在垂直加压、循环垂直加压及极限载荷测试中均劣于双侧钢板组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组未出现钢板或螺钉断裂,载荷-位移曲线斜率未发生较大变化。载荷去除后,2组均恢复原来的状态,具有较好的即刻稳定性。结论单侧或双侧钢板固定干骺端粉碎性股骨远端骨折均能达到有效的力学稳定性,一般无需双侧钢板固定来增加固定强度,单侧钢板固定弹性更佳,可能有利于骨折端的微动及骨折愈合。     

大块髂骨结构性植骨加髁支持钢板固定治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折

目的：探讨大块髂骨结构性植骨加髁支持钢板固定治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折应用价值。方法：选择33例股骨远端粉碎骨折病人,用大块髂骨结构性植骨加髁支持钢板固定治疗。结果：8~24个月随访,骨折全部获得愈合。结论：大块髂骨结构性植骨加髁支持钢板固定治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折有利于骨折愈合及关节功能恢复。     

外侧微创内固定系统联合内侧重建钢板内固定治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效观察

目的 观察外侧微创内固定系统(Less invasive stabilization system,LISS)联合内侧重建钢板内固定治疗股骨远端骨折的临床疗效,并与单纯外侧LISS钢板内固定患者进行比较。方法 回顾性分析自2015-01—2019-01诊治的59例股骨远端骨折,单钢板组26例单纯采用外侧LISS钢板内固定治疗,双钢板组33例采用外侧LISS钢板联合内侧重建钢板内固定治疗。比较两组最远骨折线与股骨内髁关节面的距离、内侧皮质粉碎患者比例、骨折愈合时间、并发症发生率、末次随访时膝关节HSS评分。结果 59例均获得随访,随访时间平均13.8(12～36)个月。双钢板组内侧皮质粉碎患者比例高于单钢板组,最远骨折线与股骨内髁关节面的距离小于单钢板组,骨折愈合时间较单钢板组短,末次随访时膝关节HSS评分高于单钢板组,术后并发症发生率低于单钢板组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对于内侧皮质粉碎或最远骨折线与股骨内髁关节面距离4～8 cm的股骨远端骨折患者,采用外侧LISS钢板联合内侧重建钢板内固定也许是更好的治疗方案。     

锁定钢板联合内侧异体骨板内固定治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折

目的探讨股骨远端外侧锁定钢板联合内侧异体骨板内固定治疗老年重度骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2009-01—2016-12采用股骨远端外侧解剖型锁定钢板联合内侧异体骨板内固定治疗的23例老年重度骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折。术中均采用MIPPO技术将钢板、异体骨板分别置入股骨远端外侧和内侧固定。结果23例均获得随访,随访时间平均23(12~39)个月。骨折愈合时间平均6.7(4~12)个月,无内固定松动、骨折不愈合及再骨折。末次随访时按Merchan标准评定膝关节功能:优9例,良11例,可3例,优良率86.9%。结论股骨远端外侧解剖型锁定钢板联合内侧异体骨板内固定为内侧皮质有缺损的重度骨质疏松性股骨远端骨折提供了一种有效的固定方式,配合术后有效抗骨质疏松治疗及积极的康复训练,患者膝关节功能恢复良好,可取得满意疗效。     

股骨远端粉碎性骨折双向固定的生物力学研究

目的：为探讨股骨远端粉碎性骨折治疗的新方法、减少其并发症。方法：本研究用10件成人鲜尸股骨,造成股骨远端髁间髁上粉碎性骨折,采用内侧聚乙烯板,外侧钢板双向固定,另取10件标本作单外侧钢板固定对照,分别作压缩、弯曲、扭转刚度的生物力学实验研究。结果：双向固定组,抗弯曲、扭转的应力显增强（P＜0．01）,抗压缩应力的能力也较单侧固定组强（P＜0．05）。结论：本研究发现,双向固定治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折有明显的价值,利于满意复位,保护碎骨块,防止移位,操作容易。双板固定在生物力学方面有较好的抗弯曲、扭转和压缩应力。本新方法可帮助预防膝内、外翻等并发症,促进骨折愈合。     

同期植骨髁支持钢板内固定治疗股骨远端C型粉碎性骨折

目的探讨同期植骨髁支持钢板内固定治疗股骨远端C型粉碎性骨折的临床疗效及手术要点。方法 39例股骨远端C型骨折采用解剖型髁支持钢板内固定,骨缺损时同期植骨治疗。结果 39例获6～24个月随访,平均12个月,膝关节功能按Kolmert评分标准:优14例,良21例,可4例,优良率89.7%。结论对股骨远端C型粉碎性骨折,采用解剖型髁支持钢板内固定并同期植骨手术,能达坚强内固定,结合早期CPM关节功能锻炼,骨折愈合率高,疗效满意。     

双钢板内固定治疗股骨髁间粉碎性骨折

目的探讨股骨髁间粉碎性骨折切开复位双钢板内固定的临床价值。方法采用切开复位普通钢板、髁部支撑钢板内固定治疗股骨髁间粉碎性骨折84例。根据术前术后X线片及术后膝关节功能恢复情况评价内固定效果。结果 84例均获得随访,时间8个月～6年。根据Sanders et al评分标准：优45例,良30例,差9例,优良率89.5%。骨折11～18个月均骨性愈合。结论该方法操作简便,固定牢固,可早期活动,有较高的临床实用价值,该术式是治疗股骨髁间粉碎性骨折的理想选择。     

Biomechanics of locked plates and screws

OBJECTIVE: To review the biomechanical principles that guide fracture fixation with plates and screws; specifically to compare and contrast the function and roles of conventional unlocked plates to locked plates in fracture fixation. We review basic plate and screw function, discuss the design rationale for the new implants, and examine the biomechanical evidence that supports the use of such implants. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review of the per reviewed English language orthopaedic literature listed on PubMed (National Library of Medicine online service). STUDY SELECTION: Papers selected for this review were drawn from peer review orthopaedic journals. All selected papers specifically discussed plate and screw biomechanics with regard to fracture fixation. PubMed search terms were: plates and screws, biomechanics, locked plates, PC-Fix, LISS, LCP, MIPO, and fracture fixation. DATA SYNTHESIS: The following topics are discussed: plate and screw function-neutralization plates and buttress plates, bridge plates; fracture stability-specifically how this effects gap strain and fracture union, conventional plate biomechanics, and locking plate biomechanics. CONCLUSIONS: Locked plates and conventional plates rely on completely different mechanical principles to provide fracture fixation and in so doing they provide different biological environments for healing. Locked plates may increasingly be indicated for indirect fracture reduction, diaphyseal/metaphyseal fractures in osteoporotic bone, bridging severely comminuted fractures, and the plating of fractures where anatomical constraints prevent plating on the tension side of the bone. Conventional plates may continue to be the fixation method of choice for periarticular fractures which demand perfect anatomical reduction and to certain types of nonunions which require increased stability for union.     

High incidence of varus deformity in association with condylar buttress plates used to treat supraintercondylar fracture of the femur

PurposeSupraintercondylar fractures of the femur are rare. Generally, the use of plate systems is the favored method of treatment, but the optimal plate for treatment is not well defined. Therefore, we carried out a retrospective study to investigate the outcome of using condylar buttress plates to treat supraintercondylar fracture of the femur.Materials and MethodsWe treated 45 patients with supraintercondylar fractures from 2003–2008. Thirty-four fractures in 34 patients were treated using the open reduction technique with condylar buttress plate fixation. All 34 fractures were classified as type C fractures according to classification guidelines of the Association for the Study of Internal Fixation/Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA). The clinical and functional outcomes of the knee were assessed on the basis of the Knee Society score (including knee score and functional score), and knee function was evaluated based on the criteria provided by Mize et al.ResultsThirty patients were followed up for at least 1 year (range: 13–89 months; average: 29 months). The union rate of the fractures was 90% (27/30), and the average union time was 6.4 months (range: 2–12 months). Complications included deep infection (2 cases; 6.7%), knee stiffness (4 cases; 13.3%) and varus deformities (5 cases; 16.7%). Functional knee function outcomes included satisfactory Knee Society functional score, satisfactory Knee Society knee score, and satisfactory score based on the criteria suggested by Mize et al, which were 50% (15), 73% (22), and 50% (15) of patients, respectively.ConclusionA union rate of 90% can be achieved in cases of supraintercondylar fracture of the femur when treated with condylar buttress plates; however, the functional outcome can be fair to poor. Furthermore, the stability of fixation achieved with this technique is insufficient, which leads to a high rate of malunion.     

股前侧Y形切口双钢板内固定治疗AO-C3型股骨远端骨折

目的探讨股前侧Y形切口双钢板内固定治疗AO分型中C3型股骨远端骨折的可行性及临床疗效。方法自2009-10—2011-08诊治AO分型中C3型股骨远端骨折7例,经股前侧Y形切口入路,直视下复位,以双侧钢板（外侧解剖锁定钢板结合内侧支撑钢板）内固定。结果所有患者均获得平均18.3（12-24）个月随访,术后切口均一期愈合,骨折愈合时间平均18.9（12-28）周,无骨折畸形愈合或不愈合。末次随访时根据Schatzker-Lambert膝关节功能评分评定疗效：优2例,良4例,可1例。结论对于AO分型中C3型股骨远端骨折采用Y形切口双钢板内固定治疗具有关节面显露清晰、骨折解剖复位、内固定强度高等优点。     

髁支持钢板治疗股骨髁间、髁上骨折疗效

目的探讨髁支持钢板治疗股骨髁间、髁上骨折的疗效。方法采用髁支持钢板内固定治疗股骨髁间、髁上骨折34例。结果随访14～26个月,术后6～14个月全部愈合,膝关节功能恢复良好,采用Merchan et al提出的功能评定标准：优18例,良10例,中3例,差3例,优良率82.35%。结论采用髁支持钢板治疗股骨髁间、髁上骨折,固定牢靠,膝关节功能恢复好,是治疗股骨髁间、髁上骨折的理想选择。     

角度钢板与解剖钢板治疗股骨髁部 C型骨折疗效对照研究

目的探讨应用股骨髁部角度钢板与解剖钢板治疗股骨髁部C型骨折的疗效差异。方法对我院1993年12月～2003年6月间治疗的股骨髁部C型骨折患者56例进行回顾性研究。将患者分两组,一组为切开复位角度钢板内固定(23例),另一组为切开复位解剖钢板内固定(33例)。通过随访收集56例患者相关临床资料、临床表现及影像学资料,并进行膝关节活动度测定,应用t检验和χ2检验比较两组关节活动度差异和患膝功能康复情况。结果术后患者的膝关节平均活动度:角度钢板内固定组为57.17°±17.63°,解剖钢板内固定组为86.09°±26.55°;解剖钢板内固定组患膝功能康复的优良率为90.9%,而角度钢板内固定组的优良率为73.9%。t检验和χ2检验结果证明,两组膝关节术后平均活动度及患膝功能康复程度差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。应用解剖钢板组术后膝关节平均活动度及患膝功能康复明显优于角度钢板组。结论应用解剖钢板内固定比角度钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部C型骨折在术后可获得更好的膝关节活动度和功能康复。     

Outcome of tibial plateau fractures managed with calcium phosphate cement

OBJECTIVES: To compare the use of an injectable calcium phosphate cement (Skeletal Repair System (SRS), Norian corporation, Cupertino, CA) and minimal internal fixation with buttress plating and bone grafting for lateral tibial plateau fractures. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis with 13 age, sex and fracture matched pairs of tibial plateau fractures. METHODS: Thirteen patients with lateral tibial plateau fractures treated with buttress plating and bone grafting were matched with 13 patients treated using minimal internal fixation and an injectable calcium phosphate cement (SRS). All patients were followed for a minimum of one year. The operative time, quality of reduction, maintenance of reduction and development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis was compared in both groups. RESULTS: The mean duration of surgery was 101 min in patients treated with buttress plating and bone grafting and 55 min in patients treated with SRS (P < 0.0001). Nine patients in the internal fixation and bone graft group had excellent anatomical reductions as judged on post-operative radiographs but some loss of reduction was observed in 8 of the 13 (61%) cases. All 13 patients from the SRS group had an excellent reduction on post-operative radiographs but 3 (23%) demonstrated some loss of reduction of the plateau. The mean residual plateau depression at one year was 4mm in the buttress plate group and 0.7 mm in the SRS group (P < 0.005). Two patients (15%) in the buttress plate group developed post-traumatic osteoarthritis and required knee arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The use of SRS was associated with more favourable anatomical results than conventional treatment with buttress plating and bone grafting for lateral tibial plateau fractures.     

Plating treatment for tibial plateau fractures: a biomechanical comparison of buttress and tension band <Emphasis Type="Italic">positions</Emphasis>

Introduction The load tolerance of conventional plate treatment for bicondylar tibial plateau fractures with the buttress and the tension band positions was compared from biomechanical viewpoints. Materials and methods Fourteen left synthetic tibiae divided into two groups were tested. T-plates in the buttress group were placed on the medial tibial subcondyle and T-plates in the tension band group were placed on the lateral tibial subcondyle. All specimens were evaluated with a Material Testing System (MTS) machine. A linear variance displacement transducer gauge was placed on the medial tibial subcondyle. The anatomic axis of the synthetic femur and the tibia was maintained at 6° varus in the frontal plane. The MTS actuator was set to increase displacement at 3 mm/min. All specimens were evaluated to failure. The relative motion and the ultimate failure load (UFL) between both groups were compared. Results The buttress group had significantly less displacement than the tension band group following the incrementally increased loading (p < 0.001). At failure, the buttress group also had a higher UFL (p < 0.001) and less displacement (p = 0.009) than the tension band group. Conclusion All medial tibial condylar fragments achieved improved stabilization from the medial aspect of the proximal tibia by conventional plates. When conventional plates cannot be placed medially due to skin ailments, lateral placement of conventional plates may have the insufficient stability. Protected weight bearing should be followed strictly.     

解剖型胫骨髁钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折

[目的]探讨胫骨平台骨折内固定的方法，评估内固定手术的疗效。[方法]对本科2000～2006年收治的22例胫骨平台骨折手术内固定患者进行随访，并进行回顾性分析，全部患者均采用德国LINK解剖型髁钢板内固定。[结果]本组患者平均随访33．3个月，骨折均于3个月愈合。膝关节功能恢复情况根据关节活动度、疼痛、关节稳定性进行HSS评分，平均89．5分。[结论]解剖型胫骨髁钢板可很好的治疗各型胫骨平台骨折，手术操作简单，治疗效果满意，是治疗胫骨平台骨折的良好的内固定材料。