急性心肌梗塞患者血清肝细胞生长因子变化的意义

目的:探讨急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者血清肝细胞生长因子(HGF)水平变化的临床意义。方法:入选58例AMI患者(发病<3h组n=22,3-12h组n=36)于入院即刻采静脉血,测心肌酶谱、高敏感性C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP),同时测定20例性别年龄与之相匹配的健康体检者(对照组)的上述指标。结果:入院时AMI组的血清HGF浓度(1635.8±327.0)pg/ml,较正常对照组的(721.8±67.9)pg/ml明显增高(P<0.001),AMI发病3h内血清HGF水平就比正常对照组显著升高(917.6±73.6)pg/mlvs.(721.8±67.9)pg/ml(P<0.001)。AMI患者血清HGF浓度与hs-CRP呈显著正相关(r=0.45,P<0.001)。结论:AMI患者血清HGF浓度升高,可能与AMI的炎症反应有关;有望成为诊断早期AMI的一个新指标。     

经右外侧小切口与正中剖胸切口矫治先天性心脏病的比较

目的 探讨临床急性心肌梗死(Acute myocardial infarction，AMI) 患者Killip功能分级与血浆促心肌素-1 (Cardiotrophin-1， CT-1)浓度变化的关系。方法 入选2008年4月～10月于我院心血管内科住院的急性心肌梗死(AMI) 患者29例并纳入同期正常人20例作为对照组,根据入院时Killip 分级分组, 其中按Killip分级分为KillipⅠ组11人KillipⅡ组10人，KillipⅢ级组8人。用ELISA方法测定CT-1浓度；同期检测血肌酸磷酸激酶同功酶(Creatine kinase isoenzyme ，CK-MB)与血清肌钙蛋白（Cardiac troponinⅠ，cTnI）水平。用SPSS软件包进行统计学分析。结果 (1) 血浆CT-1 浓度AMI各组与正常对照组对比均有显著差异。AMI组的CT-1浓度明显高于正常对照组(419.50±166.32 pg/ml vs 19.05±18.65 pg/ml,P<0.01），AMI组中KillipⅢ组也高于KillipⅠ组及KillipⅡ（613.25±84.85 pg/ml vs 299.36±139.56 pg/ml， P<0.05；613.25±84.85 pg/ml vs 394.11±67.89 pg/ml， P<0.05）。 (2) Killip分级与CT-1血浆浓度（R=0.77, P<0.01）和与CK-MB峰值（R=0.44，P<0.05）及 cTnI峰值（R=0.39，P<0.05）存在良好的相关性。结论 血浆CT-1在AMI患者中有明显升高，其浓度与Killip功能分级有相关性。CT-1可做为AMI严重程度及预后的预测指标。     

糖代谢异常对急性心肌梗死患者血浆B型利钠肽和心功能的影响

【】目的：评价不同糖尿病状态对急性心肌梗死患者血浆B型利钠肽(BNP)和心功能的影响。方法：105例急性心肌梗死患者根据糖尿病史和OGTT检测结果将其分为糖耐量正常(NGT)、糖耐量异常(IGT)和糖尿病(DM)三组。应用美国博适Triage干式快速定量心肌梗死/心力衰竭诊断仪和 BNP检测板,测定三组患者入院时和发病第7天血浆BNP水平,同时对患者的心功能进行评价。结果：AMI＋DM 组患者入院时和发病第 7 天血浆 BNP水平分别为(347.78±122.02)pg/ml和(331.53±108.53)pg/ml,均明显高于AMI NGT组[(158.57±75.32)pg/ml和(102.85±60.52)pg/ml]和AMI IGT组[(167.86±72.56)pg/ml和(145.21±80.61)pg/ml],P＜0.05。AMI＋IGT组患者的BNP 水平亦高于AMI＋NGT 组,但差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05。三组患者发病第7 天血浆 BNP水平较入院时均有下降,但仅有AMI＋NGT组[(158.57±75.32)pg/ml比(102.85±60.52)pg/ml]BNP下降程度有统计学差异, P＜0.05。AMI DM组患者心功能Ⅲ-Ⅳ级比例(29.7%)明显高于其他两组(8.9%和8.7%),P＜0.05。结论：糖代谢异常影响急性心肌梗死患者血浆BNP的分泌,合并糖尿病的急性心肌梗死患者血浆BNP水平明显升高,心功能较差。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血清hs-CRP水平与心电图碎裂QRS波的关系研究

目的 分析急性冠状动脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS）患者碎裂QRS波（fragmented qrs complex,fQRS）与血清超敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity c-reactive protein,hs-CRP）之间的相关性。方法 根据心电图有无fQRS分将153例ACS患者为fQRS组和非fQRS组,根据hs-CRP水平又分为<2 mg/L组、2~4 mg/L组和>4 mg/L组,检测血清肌酸激酶同工酶（creatine kinase MB,CK-MB）、肌酸激酶（creatine kinase,CK）、肌钙蛋白I（cardiac troponin i,cTnI）及hs-CRP水平,测定患者fQRS波形及数量。结果 fQRS组QRS时限[(98.21±8.92)ms 比 (90.45±7.16)ms]、血清CK-MB[(36.52±5.33)U/L 比 (11.38±2.07)U/L]、CK[(430.24±67.03)U/L 比 (90.41±19.87)U/L]、cTnI[(1.64±0.27)mg/L 比 (0.31±0.10)mg/L]、hs-CRP[(5.09±1.40)mg/L 比 (2.80±1.22)mg/L]水平均高于非fQRS组（P<0.05）;随着血清hs-CRP水平上升,fQRS时限、fQRS导联数、以及血清CK-MB、CK及cTnI水平增加（P<0.05）。血清hs-CRP与fQRS时限、fQRS导联数、血清CK、CK-MB、cTnI水平均呈正相关（r=0.755、0.410、0.386、0.327、0.446,P均<0.05）。结论 ACS患者fQRS与hs-CRP密切相关性,fQRS可能是hs-CRP升高激活系列炎症反应加重动脉粥样硬化而导致心肌细胞缺血加重的原因,fQRS可作为ACS的风险评估因子。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清sCD40L升高的临床价值

目的观察冠心病不同类型患者中可溶性CD40L(sCD40L)水平的变化及其与白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)之间的关系,进一步探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)临床识别和预测的炎症指标。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清可溶性CD40L浓度,采用放免方法测定IL-6和IL-1β浓度。结果急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者sCD40L水平[(4.923±3.41)ng/ml]和不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者sCD40L水平[(5.387±3.04)ng/ml]显著高于稳定型心绞痛(SAP)[(2.856±2.34)ng/ml,P<0.05]和对照组患者[(2.221±2.42)ng/ml,P<0.01]。ACS患者sCD40水平与IL-6呈正相关(r=0.49,P=0.008),与IL-1β无相关性(r=0.258,P=0.183),而SAP和对照组患者sCD40L与IL-6、IL-1β无相关性。同时ACS患者sCD40L水平与低密度脂蛋白有显著相关性(r=0.471,P=0.011)。结论ACS患者血清sCD40L与IL-6、IL-1β水平升高,提示其可能与ACS发生有关,是动脉粥样硬化和斑块不稳定的标志。     

血清肝细胞生长因子测定对不稳定性心绞痛患者的临床意义

目的:探讨不稳定性心绞痛(UA)患者血清肝细胞生长因子(HGF)水平变化的临床意义.方法:用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定比较不稳定性心绞痛组(UA组,n=50)、稳定性心绞痛组(SA组,n=30)和对照组(n=30)心绞痛发作24小时内及治疗2周后血清HGF水平,其中UA组又根据冠状动脉(冠脉)造影时冠脉对硝酸甘油的反应分为有固定狭窄患者与无固定狭窄患者两部分.结果:UA组入院24小时内血清HGF水平比对照组和SA组均高[(1 674.54±1 450.03)pg/ml对(648.90±115.20)pg/ml和(728.53±288.14)pg/ml],有非常显著差异(P＜0.01),而且血清HGF水平与UA分型有关,UA组无固定狭窄患者血清HGF水平显著低于有固定狭窄患者[(848.44±146.49)对pg/ml(1 855.88±1 544.07)pg/m1,P＜0.01].UA组发病2周后血清HGF水平由(1 674.54±1 450.03)pg/ml下降至(880.71±201.75)pg/ml(P＜0.01);其中UA组在3个月内发生冠脉事件的5例患者2周后的血清HGF水平平均为(1 546.80±932.12)pg/ml,明显高于UA组患者的平均水平(880.71±201.75)pg/ml(P＜0.01).SA组经治疗后血清HGF水平变化不大(P＞0.05).结论:UA患者血清HGF动态升高;UA预后不良者血清HGF持续升高,血清HGF水平有可能成为临床上UA与SA鉴别以及对心绞痛危险分层的一个新的血清学指标.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者脑钠肽改变的临床分析

目的探讨不同类型急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者脑钠肽(BNP)差异及临床意义。方法50例ACS患者按临床类型分为:急性心肌梗死(AMI)组18例,不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组32例,正常对照组20例,根据NYHA心功能分级以及超声心动图检测排除症状性心功能Ⅱ级以上患者,检测各组BNP浓度及高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)浓度。结果AMI组、UAP组及对照组BNP浓度分别为:(560±102)pg/ml(、180±80)pg/ml、(34±23)pg/ml,三组之间有显著差异(P<0.01)。同期各组hsCRP均有显著差异,同时多部位梗死组BNP水平明显高于单部位梗死组。结论BNP可作为ACS患者判断病情轻重及预后的指标。     

缺血性修饰白蛋白在急性冠脉综合征患者中的改变及临床意义

目的观察缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者中的变化及临床意义。方法选择本院166例ACS患者,其中不稳定型心绞痛(UA)68例,ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)56例,非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTE-MI)42例,在入院后30min内采静脉血检测其IMA水平,并与40例正常对照组进行比较分析。结果 ACS组血清IMA水平显著高于对照组[(69.71±11.56)U/ml vs(42.91±7.54)U/ml,P<0.01],STEMI组均显著高于UA组[(76.27±11.91)U/ml vs(65.05±9.25)U/ml,P<0.01]和NSTEMI组[(76.27±11.91)U/ml vs(68.53±10.56)U/ml,P<0.01],血清IMA水平与年龄无相关性(ACS组r=-0.07,对照组r=-0.11,两组联合r=-0.05;均P>0.05),对照组IMA的阴性率为100%,ACS患者中阳性预测值为100%,阳性率为89.2%,其在UA、STEMI和NSTEMI组中的阳性率分别为97.10%、85.70%和81.00%,本组中阴性预测值为69%。结论血清IMA显著升高对诊断ACS有一定的临床价值。     

阿托伐他汀对急性冠脉综合征患者血清高敏C反应蛋白和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A水平的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀干预对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)水平的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP,n=37)、急性心肌梗死患者(AMI,n=24)、稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP,n=29)和健康体检者(n=32)的hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平。同时将ACS患者(包括UAP和AMI组,n=61)随机分为常规治疗组(n=30)和阿托伐他汀干预组(阿托伐他汀10mg/d,n=31),并于治疗前后分别测定血清hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平。结果(1)hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平在UAP组[(16.7±1.24)mg/L,(63.88±1.82)μg/L]、AMI组[(18.52±1.96)mg/L,(66.41±1.24)μg/L]比SAP组[(4.6±1.16)mg/L,(47.56±0.72)μg/L]、正常对照组[(3.2±0.88)mg/L,(45.17±1.28)μg/L]显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)2周后,阿托伐他汀干预组血清hs-CRP和PAPP-A水平较治疗前明显降低[hs-CRP(18.52±2.37)mg/Lvs.(3.58±1.33)mg/L;PAPP-A(67.83±2.15)μg/Lvs.(45.62±1.58)μg/L,P<0.05],且较常规治疗组治疗2周后亦有显著降低[hs-CRP(3.58±1.33)mg/Lvs.(5.23±1.98)mg/L;PAPP-A(45.62±1.58)μg/Lvs.(51.35±2.15)μg/L,P<0.05]。结论阿托伐他汀干预可以减少急性冠脉综合征患者动脉粥样硬化斑块的炎症反应,具有稳定斑块的作用。     

冠心病患者分泌型磷脂酶A2的变化及其与白细胞介素8、溶血磷脂酸的关系

目的了解冠心病患者分泌型磷脂酶 A2(sPLA2)的变化,并通过测定 IL-8、LPA 等相关细胞因子,对 sPLA2的作用机制进行初步探讨。方法冠状动脉造影确诊的262例患者,其中急性冠脉综合征(ACS)110例,稳定性冠心病(SCHD)63例,正常患者89例,分别测定 sPLA2、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、高敏 C 反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和溶血磷脂酸(LPA)水平,并进行对比分析。结果冠心病患者sPLA2[(68±17)U/ml]、IL-8[(182±80)pg/ml]以及 LPA[(2.85±0.36)μmol/L]均明显高于对照组[sPLA2:(55±12)U/ml,IL-8:(119±33)pg/ml,LPA:(2.34±0.36)μmol/L,均 P<0.01],其中ACS 组的 sPLA2[(71±18)U/ml]、IL-8[(195±78)pg/ml]也明显高于 SCHD 组[sPLA2:(63±12)U/ml],IL-8:[(159±79)pg/ml,均 P<0.01;sPLA2与 IL-8(r=0.203,P=0.007)、LPA(r=0.658,P<0.01)、hs-CRP(r=0.231,P=0.005)均呈正相关;sPLA2≥63.75 U/ml 时,患冠心病的相对危险度为6.248(P<0.01)。结论冠心病患者 sPLA2明显升高,它可能与 IL-8共同参与冠心病的炎症发展过程,并与下游相关产物 LPA 进一步加速其进展。提示 sPLA2升高是冠心病的独立危险因素之一。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.