SSRIs类药物联合暴露反应/仪式阻断治疗技术对强迫症的效果

目的探讨SSRIs类药物联合暴露反应/仪式阻断治疗技术(ERP)对强迫症的效果,为强迫症的症状缓解、促进患者社会功能恢复和回归社会提供参考。方法选取绵阳市第三人民医院收治的100例符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)强迫症诊断标准的患者,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各50例。两组均接受SSRIs类药物治疗,研究组在此基础上加用ERP,两组均连续治疗8周。于治疗前和治疗第2、4、8周采用耶鲁布朗强迫症状量表(Y-BOCS)评定疗效,于治疗后采用副反应量表(TESS)评定安全性。结果治疗后研究组总有效率高于对照组(90. 00%vs. 54. 00%,χ~2=0. 455,P 0. 05)。治疗第2、4、8周后,研究组Y-BOCS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=1. 112~7. 142,P均0. 05);治疗后研究组与对照组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(4%vs. 6%,P 0. 05)。结论 SSRIs类药物联合ERP对强迫症的效果可能优于单用药物治疗,安全性相当。     

氯丙咪嗪、SSRIs及两者合并治疗强迫症的临床对照研究

目的观察氯丙咪嗪、5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)及SSRIs合并小剂量氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症的远期疗效及其对社会功能的影响。方法分别使用氯丙咪嗪、SSRIs、SSRIs联合小剂量氯丙咪嗪治疗84例门诊强迫症患者,分别在治疗3月末和6月末应用Yale-Brown强迫量表、临床疗效总评(CGI)和Sheehan残疾量表进行疗效评定,并自编问卷了解患者的一般资料。结果与治疗前相比,氯丙咪嗪组(N=31)、SSRIs组(N=22)及SSRIs联合小剂量氯丙咪嗪组(N=31)在3月和6月的Yale-Brown强迫量表、CGI评分均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。治疗前和治疗6月末,三组在Sheehan残疾量表评分均有显著差异。结论氯丙咪嗪和SSRIs对强迫症均有效,长期治疗可改善社会功能,SSRIs联合使用小剂量氯丙咪嗪可能与病情较重的患者有潜在的临床应用价值。     

非典型抗精神病药物联合选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂治疗难治性强迫症的效果与安全性的网状Meta分析

目的采用网状Meta分析的方法评价7种非典型抗精神病药物联合选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)治疗难治性强迫症的效果与安全性。方法计算机检索CNKI、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase和Cochrane Library数据库,按照纳入及排除标准收集非典型抗精神病药物联合SSRIs治疗难治性强迫症的随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至2020年6月,由两名研究者筛选文献、资料提取并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险,对符合标准的研究采用Stata 15.0进行数据分析。结果共纳入36项随机对照研究,包括7种非典型抗精神病药物,共2 362例患者。网状Meta分析结果显示,在总有效率方面,曲线下累计排序概率面积(SUCAR)由高到低依次为奥氮平+SSRIs、帕利哌酮+SSRIs、氨磺必利+SSRIs、利培酮+SSRIs、喹硫平+SSRIs、齐拉西酮+SSRIs、阿立哌唑+SSRIs、单用SSRIs、安慰剂+SSRIs。在汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分方面,SUCAR由高到低依次为氨磺必利+SSRIs、阿立哌唑+SSRIs、喹硫平+SSRIs、利培酮+SSRIs、SSRIs。在副反应量表(TESS)评分方面,SUCAR由高到低依次为氨磺必利+SSRIs、单用SSRIs、帕利哌酮+SSRIs、喹硫平+SSRIs、齐拉西酮+SSRIs、利培酮+SSRIs、阿立哌唑+SSRIs、安慰剂+SSRIs。结论非典型抗精神病药物联合SSRIs治疗难治性强迫症的效果与安全性均优于单用SSRIs类药物,其中奥氮平联合SSRIs的疗效最佳,氨磺必利联合SSRIs的安全性最高。     

氟西汀在强迫症中的应用

强迫症 (OCD)被列为第 4类常见精神障碍 ,其发病机制不明 ,但近年来 5 羟色胺 (5 HT)假说受到重视[1] ,依据来自 :①中枢 5 HT功能的研究成果 ;②选择性 5 HT回收抑制剂 (SSRIs)可减少强迫症症状 ;③ 5 HT能激动剂 (mCPP)可增加强迫症状 ;④ 5 HT拮抗剂 (merergoline)能逆转氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症的症状。 5 HT假说的提出使得氟西汀治疗OCD成为可能。强迫症的短期治疗众多对照研究证实氟西汀对OCD有效。一项为期 8周的双盲对照研究[2 ] 比较了氟西汀 (4 0mg/d)和氯丙咪嗪 (15 0mg/d)的疗效和安全性 ,发现若以强迫症量表 (Y …     

青少年抑郁症5-羟色胺转运体基因多态性与疗效的相关研究

目的 在汉族抑郁症青少年中探索5-羟色胺转运体(5-HTT)基因多态与5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)疗效的关系.方法 研究对象为来自上海市精神卫生中心门诊及病房、符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第四版(DSM-Ⅳ)抑郁症诊断标准、且接受SSRIs治疗的青少年抑郁症患者,平均年龄(15.9±1.7)岁,共有76例患者入组,脱落11例;于入组时和SSRIs治疗第2、4、6周末分别进行17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD17)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定.应用PCR及PCR-RFLP技术对入组患者进行5-HTTLPR、5-HTT3'UTR多态基因分型.结果 SSRIs治疗有效组患者和无效组患者在5-HTTLPR多态及5-HTT3'UTR多态的基因型频率分布无明显差异(χ2=0.12,P=0.94;χ2=0.91,P=0.63)、等位基因频率分布也无明显差异(χ2=0.03,P=0.88;χ2=0.73,P=0.43).结论 在中国汉族青少年抑郁症患者群中5-HTTLPR、5-HTT3'UTR多态可能与SSRIs抗抑郁疗效之间无明显关联.     

哈佛南岸计划2019版强迫症药物治疗流程解读

哈佛南岸计划之精神药理学规范近期发布2019版强迫症药物治疗流程,新版治疗流程共包括7个节点,分别是强迫症的诊断,选用SSRIs氟西汀、氟伏沙明、舍曲林治疗,更换另一种一线SSRIs或氯米帕明治疗,联用第2代抗精神病药增效治疗,联用增效新药,无创物理治疗,神经外科手术。其中检测血药浓度、联用增效药物治疗、无创物理治疗等...     

西酞普兰对恐惧症和强迫症的疗效 --读者来信

编辑先生 :恐惧症和强迫症是两种比较难治的神经症 ,某些选择性 5 羟色胺再摄取阻滞剂 (SSRIs)等抗抑郁药可能有一定疗效。西酞普兰是一种新近引进国内的SSRIs类药物 ,不知对这两种疾病的疗效如何 ?关小明答读者来信关小明先生 :国内尚未见有这方面报道 ,国外报道也不多 ,少数文献报告认为西酞普兰对恐惧症和强迫症都有一定疗效。就恐惧症而言 ,最早报告的是Humble等(HumbleM ,etal.PsychiatryToday ,1989,15 1) ,他们以西酞普兰开放治疗恐惧症患者 8周 ,17例中有 13例见效 ,焦虑、广场恐惧和躯体症状均减轻。 16例继续治疗 15个月 ,…     

强迫症的药物治疗

复习有关比较氯咪帕明与 SSRIs治疗强迫症的文献 ,结果认为两者均是治疗强迫症的选用药物     

高频重复经颅磁刺激辅助治疗难治性强迫症的临床观察

本研究探讨高频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对难治性强迫症的辅助治疗作用及不良反应,现报告如下. 1 对象和方法 为2009年5月至2011年3月我院心理科符合CCMD-3强迫症诊断标准、经至少2种SSRIs药物治疗＞12周以上、疗效不明显或无效、YBOCS评分≥16分的难治性强迫症患者.排除有明显精神病性症状及酒或物质滥用史;慢性躯体疾病和肝肾功能异常;脑外伤、癫(癎)、脑血管疾病、颅内感染及色盲、色弱等.共43例,研究组22例,平均年龄(27.88±12.24)岁;起病年龄(23.16±9.27)岁;受教育年限(11.54±3.77)年;YBOCS总分(23.31±5.75)分.对照组21例,平均年龄(28.79±11.39)岁;起病年龄(21.64 ±8.72)岁;受教育年限(12.70±3.19)年;YBOCS总分(20.87 ±6.22)分.两组以上各项差异无统计学意义.自愿参加并知情同意.     

一例多维整合治疗成人重度强迫症的案例

概述:强迫症(OCD)是一种慢性、痛苦和进行性损害的神经精神疾病,其特点是存在强迫意念或强迫动作.本文报道的一名44岁成年女性强迫症的病例.之前3年治疗中,患者对数个选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)疗效不佳,生活质量受到严重影响.经过6个月的多维整合治疗,包括认知行为治疗(CBT)、舍曲林和低剂量抗精神病药物(阿立哌唑),以及家庭支持和网络支持.每两个月Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS)标准化量表评估显示,强迫意念或强迫动作明显减少,其社会功能和生活质量得到明显改善.本病例初步显示OCD多维整合治疗有助于达到最佳治疗疗效较好治疗效果,期待今后更严格的临床试验验证.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。