Oxyresveratrol,a Stilbene Compound from Morus alba L. Twig Extract Active Against Trichophyton rubrum

Morus alba L. (mulberry) twig is known to have an inhibitory effect on pathogens in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, the dermophytic fungus, Trichophyton rubrum, was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of total M. alba twig extract and extracts obtained using solvents with different polarities by the method of 96‐well MTT colorimetry. The main active substance was isolated and identified by tracking its activity. In addition, the inhibitory effects of active extracts and a single active substance were investigated in combination with miconazole nitrate. Our data indicated that ethyl acetate extracts of mulberry twig (TEE) exhibited a desired inhibitory activity on T. rubrum with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.000 mg/mL. With activity tracking, the main substance showing antimicrobial activity was oxyresveratrol (OXY), which was isolated from TEE. Its MIC for inhibiting the growth of T. rubrum was 0.500 mg/mL. The combined use of miconazole nitrate and OXY showed a synergistic inhibitory effect, as shown by a significant decrease in the MIC of both components. Based on the OXY content in TEE, the contribution rate of OXY to the inhibitory effect of TEE on T. rubrum was 80.52%, so it was determined to be the main antimicrobial substance in M. alba twig. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同铵盐对山豆根组培苗的影响

目的 以山豆根组培苗为供试材料,评价不同种类铵盐对硝酸铵的替代效果。方法 分别采用氯化铵、碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵或尿素代替硝酸铵的改良MS培养基培养山豆根组培苗,研究其对山豆根组培苗丛生芽继代增殖、丛生芽壮苗和生根诱导的影响,结合山豆根组培苗的生长发育状况,多角度评价改良培养基的组培效果。结果 氯化铵或碳酸氢铵代替硝酸铵的改良MS培养基适合山豆根丛生芽的继代增殖,氯化铵代替硝酸铵的改良MS培养基适合山豆根丛生芽壮苗培养,氯化铵、碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵或尿素代替硝酸铵的改良MS培养基不适合山豆根生根培养。结论 氯化铵可代替硝酸铵用于山豆根丛生芽的继代增殖和丛生芽壮苗培养,碳酸氢铵可代替硝酸铵用于山豆根丛生芽的继代增殖。     

乌头块根浸提液对3种牧草的化感效应

乌头Aconitum carmichaeli是传统的大宗中药材之一,广泛种植于四川省江油市,所释放的化感物质严重影响周围和后茬作物的生长发育。试验以当地种植乌头的后茬牧草白三叶、黑麦草和紫花苜蓿为材料,研究了乌头块根浸提液(ETR)浸种对种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明,牧草品种不同,种子发芽和幼苗生长对ETR浓度的响应也不一样。低浓度的ETR(0.01 g·L^-1)促进紫花苜蓿种子发芽,ETR 1.00 g·L^-1对3种牧草的种子发芽率均有抑制作用。用高浓度的ETR (1.00 g·L^-1)浸种,苗高的最大降幅为:紫花苜蓿(42.05%) ≥白三叶(40.21%)>黑麦草(10.64%)。因此,在乌头-牧草种植体系中,选择对ETR相对不敏感的黑麦草有益于减轻乌头产生的化感效应,提高土地整体生产力。随ETR浸种浓度提高,抑制牧草种子中的蛋白质、淀粉和肌醇磷酸盐水解,降低游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和可溶性磷含量,进而影响种子发芽。此外,高浓度的ETR还显著降低牧草幼苗的根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性和叶绿素含量,说明ETR中的化感成分可抑制养分吸收,硝酸盐同化和光合作用,妨碍幼苗生长。     

Hypoglycaemic Effects of Opuntia ficus-indica Mill., Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm and Opuntia robusta Wendl. in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

The hypoglycaemic activities of Opuntia ficus-indica, O. lindheimeri and O. robusta were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using enteral (oral) and parenteral (intraperitoneal and intravenous) routes of administration. When the aqueous extracts of the three Opuntia species were administred intraveneously, they produced a hypoglycaemic effect. However, when the extracts were administered orally, only O. lindheimeri produced a hypoglycaemic effect. A dilute aqueous (ammonium sulphate) solution of O. lindheimeri dialysate also produced a hypoglycaemic effect when administered intravenously. Intraperitoneal administations of all Opuntia species extracts including O. lindheimeri dialysate failed to produce hypoglycaemic effects. It appears that the concentration and/or potency of the active hypoglycaemic principle in Opuntia cacti is species-specific.     

L02肝脂肪变性细胞膜快速筛选大黄调血脂活性成分

目的 构建L02肝脂肪变性细胞膜固相色谱耦合脂肪变性模型,并将其应用于大黄调血脂活性成分的快速筛选.方法 利用L02肝脂肪变性细胞膜作为固定相选择性地吸附大黄30％乙醇提取液中的活性成分,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定吸附前后的化学成分;根据对照品的保留时间及紫外光谱信息,对比鉴定各亲和活性成分;并将筛选出的活性成分...     

Evaluation of Hemostatic and Anti‐inflammatory Activities of Extracts from Different Lagochilus Species in Experimental Animals: Comparison of Different Extractives and Sources

Different members of Lagochilus genus have been used in folkloric medicine to treat hemorrhages and inflammation. However, only a few species of them have received scientific attention supporting their efficacy. Here, the hemostatic and antiinflammatory activities of five Lagochilus species were determined and compared by using in vivo assays. The results showed that the extracts of Lagochilus lanatonodus and Lagochilus diacanthophyllus showed better hemostatic activities among five species. The high doses of L. lanatonodus extracts were able to shorten the values of thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time in a rat model. Moreover, the extracts of L. lanatonodus and L. diacanthophyllus showed strong inhibitory effects on the acute phase of inflammation in both xylene‐induced ear edema mouse model and carrageenan‐induced paw edema rat model. In parallel, the treatment of these extracts modulated the expressions of those inflammatory parameters, that is, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E₂, inducible nitric oxide synthase, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. L. lanatonodus and L. diacanthophyllus showed better hemostatic and antiinflammatory activities in several test models: these results therefore supported the folkloric utilization. L. lanatonodus was found to be the most active Lagochilus species. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

10种盐生植物对血管紧张肽Ⅰ-转化酶活性的影响

 目的 对新疆10种盐生植物提取物对血管紧张肽Ⅰ-转化酶（ACE）的抑制活性进行研究。方法 通过HPLC测定马尿酸含量的变化从而推测ACE抑制活性。结果 10种盐生植物的体积分数70%乙醇提取物中,以白刺、苦豆子、芦苇的ACE抑制活性较高,IC₅₀值分别为69.36 ,52.61,56.20 g·L-1;水提取物中,以西伯利亚泡泡刺、琵琶柴、苦豆子、芦苇的ACE抑制活性较高,IC₅₀值分别为55.85,63.87,40.92,10.12 g·L-1。结论 10种盐生植物中部分植物提取物具有一定的抑制ACE活性。     

Polypeptides of Aloe barbadensis miller

Major polypeptide species of proteins have been identified and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in fresh extracts of the whole leaf, leaf gel, root and stalk portions of Aloe barbadensis Miller plants of immature, young and mature ages. Extracts of the fresh Aloe plant portions were prepared by dissection, tissue disruption, differential centrifugation and gel filtration methods. Extracted plant portions analysed by separation electrophoresis were also assayed by biochemical and immunological techniques for the presence of lectin associated reactions, i.e. agglutination or mitogenicity. Results of the separation electrophoresis analysis of extracts prepared from fresh whole leaves and leaf gel of mature Aloe barbadensis Miller plants revealed 23 identifiable different polypeptides. Molecular weights of these polypeptides, calculated from sets of molecular weight reference standards, ranged from 70 000 for the largest to 3000 for the smallest. Electrophoresis profiles of commercially processed and freshly processed Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe saponaria Haw leaf gel extracts revealed similar patterns for major peptides. Treatment of mature whole Aloe leaf extracts with acidic and alkaline conditions revealed distinct changes in pH stability of ten peptides. Comparisons of separation electrophoresis profiles of fresh extracts of Aloe whole leaves and of leaf gel portions revealed marked differences in both molecular weights and concentrations of peptides found in extracts from mature, young or immature plants. This report is the first to describe the nature and types of polypeptides detected in extracts of whole leaf, leaf gel, stalk and root portions of immature, young and mature Aloe plants. Accordingly, information in this report may be of considerable value in helping to identify and characterize Aloe substances present during processing in extracts and in products.     

甘草与昆布配伍对大鼠肝肾功能及血清指标的影响

目的考察甘草与昆布配伍对大鼠肝肾功能及血清指标的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,各组分别ig给予甘草提取物2.8 g/kg(相当于甘草生药材10.0 g/kg)、昆布提取物3.8 g/kg(相当于昆布生药材10.0 g/kg)、甘草-昆布合煎提取物6.8 g/kg(相当于甘草和昆布生药材各10.0 g/kg)和空白溶媒(对照)。连续ig给药17周后,检测各组大鼠体质量、脏器系数、血液生化指标、肝切片病理变化以及甘草次酸血药浓度。结果甘草或昆布单用组较对照组大鼠丙氨酸转氨酶(AST)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)、总胆汁酸(TBA)和总胆红素(TBIL)水平显著降低(P0.05),而甘草-昆布合用可逆转两药单用对AST、ALP、CHE、TBA、TBIL和直接胆红素(DBIL)的降低作用;甘草-昆布合用组大鼠体内甘草次酸血药浓度和暴露量显著高于甘草单用组。甘草、昆布单用或合用还导致大鼠体内电解质水平失衡,表现为血清中钠离子(Na+)、钾离子(K+)、氯离子(Cl-)水平显著高于对照组。结论甘草或昆布单用均具有保肝作用,甘草-昆布合用导致两药单用时的保肝作用减弱可能是其配伍"相反"原因之一,其机制可能与两药合用时甘草次酸血药浓度增加有关。     

Antivectorial Activities of Cashew Nut Shell Extracts from Anacardium occidentaleL.

Sodium salts of cashew nut shell extracts (CNSL) and anacardic acids isolated from Anacardium occidentale demonstrate a potent antivectorial activity against Aedes aegypti larvae and Biomphalaria glabrata snails. The structure–activity relationship is discussed, particularly the hydrogenation of CNSL and anacardic acids which lower dramatically these properties, showing the importance of the double bonds on the side chains of anacardic acids. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

3种重金属对欧洲花楸悬浮细胞生物量的影响

目的： 以欧洲花楸悬浮培养细胞（SASC）为材料,研究非生物诱导子-重金属对SASC生物量的影响。方法： 配制不同浓度的氯化镧、硝酸铜、硝酸铅溶液对SASC进行处理,用电子天平进行SASC生物量测定。结果： 低浓度氯化镧刺激细胞生长而高浓度则抑制细胞生长,对细胞生长的影响表现为Hormesis现象,最适刺激质量浓度为0.01 mg·L^-1;低浓度硝酸铜抑制细胞生长,高浓度刺激细胞生长,0.05 mg·L^-1 硝酸铜处理后细胞生物量最低;基本所有浓度的硝酸铅都表现为刺激细胞生长,最适刺激质量浓度为0.5 mg·L^-1。结论： 重金属诱导子影响了SASC的生物量,且其作用程度和方式与氯化镧、硝酸铜、硝酸铅3种诱导子种类及浓度相关。     

Antimitotic Effects of Hexane Extracts from Viscum cruciatum Sieber Parasitic on Crataegus monogyna Jacq. and Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Parasitized and Non-parasitized and of Triterpenic Fractions Isolated from them,by the Allium test

The hexane extracts of Viscum cruciatum Sieber (Viscaceae) parasitic on Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (I), Crataegus monogyna Jacq. parasitized with Viscum cruciatum Sieber (II), and Crataegus monogyna Jacq. (Rosaceae) non-parasitized (III), and a triterpenic fraction isolated from II and III were screened for their effects on mitotic division in Allium cepa L. (Liliaceae). The chromatographic fractionation of the hexane extracts II and III provided triterpenic fractions (CFII and CFIII) in which cycloartenol was identified as the main component. A mitodepressive effect of the hexane extracts (I, II, III) was observed. The results obtained with the triterpenic fractions showed higher activity than the hexane extracts II and III. Triterpenic fractions isolated from the hexane extract of Crataegus monogyna non-parasitized showed complete inhibition of cell division at 48 h of treatment. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

火绒草降糖有效成分的筛选

目的:通过对火绒草不同提取物处理高血糖小鼠血糖的测定,探讨火绒草提取物降血糖的有效部位和剂量。方法:火绒草用70%乙醇回流提取,提取物上D101大孔树脂柱,依次用50%,70%,95%的乙醇洗脱,得到50%,70%,95%的乙醇提取物。采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导高血糖小鼠,7 d后分别用二甲双胍(300 mg·kg-1),50%乙醇提取物(100 mg·kg-1),70%乙醇提取物(100 mg·kg-1)和95%乙醇提取物(100 mg·kg-1)ig给药,模型组和空白组以等量的蒸馏水代替给药,10 d后测定高血糖小鼠的空腹血糖。将筛选出的有效降糖部位分为高、中、低(400,200,100 mg·kg-1)剂量处理高血糖小鼠,10 d后测定空腹血糖。结果:与空白组比较,模型组血糖显著升高(P0.01)。与模型组比较,火绒草的不同提取物均能降低高血糖小鼠血糖,50%乙醇提取物具有显著的降血糖效果,且以中剂量为佳(P0.01)。结论:火绒草的降血糖有效部位为50%乙醇提取物。     

Inhibition of Proinflammatory Biomarkers in THP1 Macrophages by Polyphenols Derived From Chamomile,Meadowsweet and Willow bark

Antiinflammatory compounds in the diet can alleviate excessive inflammation, a factor in the pathogenesis of common diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and diabetes. This study examined three European herbs, chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria L.) and willow bark (Salix alba L.), which have been traditionally used to treat inflammation and their potential for use as antiinflammatory agents. Aqueous herbal extracts and isolated polyphenolic compounds (apigenin, quercetin and salicylic acid, 0–100 μM) were incubated with THP1 macrophages, and interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were measured. At concentrations of 10 μM, both apigenin and quercetin reduced IL‐6 significantly ( p < 0.05). Apigenin at 10 μM and quercetin at 25 μM reduced TNF‐α significantly ( p < 0.05). Amongst the herbal extracts, willow bark had the greatest antiinflammatory activity at reducing IL‐6 and TNF‐α production. This was followed by meadowsweet and then chamomile. The lowest effective antiinflammatory concentrations were noncytotoxic (MTT mitochondrial activity assay). The Comet assay, which was used to study the protective effect of the isolated phenols against oxidative damage, showed positive results for all three polyphenols. These are the first findings that demonstrate the antiinflammatory capacity of these herbal extracts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects on arterial blood pressure of the methanol extracts from different Teucrium species

Methanol extracts of the leaves and stems of two Teucrium species (T. pumillum L. and T. buxifolium L.) have been tested for their effects on resting arterial blood pressure. Both T. pumillum L. and T. buxifolium L. extracts reduced mean arterial blood pressure in a dose dependent manner when administered i.v. to urethane anaesthetized normotensive rats. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Herbal Plants used in the Traditional Medicine of Bahrain

Petroleum ether, methanol, hexane, butanol and aqueous crude extracts of the whole aerial parts of Suaeda vermiculata, Prosopis farcta, Capparis spinosa and Salsola villosa exhibited variable degrees of antimicrobial activity. Extracts had low to moderate actvity against four bacterial and two fungal species compared with that exerted by antibiotics. The petroleum ether extract of S. vermiculata and the butanol extract of S. villosa had high antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum comparable to the antifungal miconazole nitrate.     

Antiinflammatory,Analgesic and Antipyretic Activity in Rodents of Plant Extracts used in African Medicine

Antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities and toxicity of different extracts (decoction, petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts) of: Afrormosia laxiflora (Benth. ex Bak.) Harms (leaves), Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume (whole plant), Ficus glomerata Roxb. (leaves), Lantana camara L. (leaves), Lippia geminata H.B.K. (leaves), Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. (leaves) and Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (whole plant), were evaluated in pharmacological tests using rats and mice.     

Antiprotozoal,antimycobacterial and cytotoxic potential of twenty‐three British and Irish red algae

As part of our continuing research on seaweeds, we have screened the crude extracts of 23 red marine algae collected from England and Ireland. The clinically important blood‐stage life forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as test organisms in the in vitro assays. The selectivity of the extracts was determined by using mammalian skeletal myoblast (L6) cells. All algal extracts showed activity against T. brucei rhodesiense, with Corallina officinalis and Ceramium virgatum being the most potent (IC₅₀ values 4.8 and 5.4 μg/ml), whilst none of the algal extracts inhibited the growth of T. cruzi. Except for Porphyra leucosticta, extracts from all seaweeds also showed leishmanicidal activity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 16.5 to 85.6 μg/ml. Only the crude extract of Calliblepharis jubata showed some weak activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC value 256 μg/ml), while the others were inactive at this concentration. Corallina officinalis was the only seaweed that displayed some marginal cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ value 88.6 μg/ml), and all remaining extracts were non‐toxic towards L6 cells at 90 μg/ml concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activity of British and Irish red algae. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云南特色中药臭灵丹体外抗甲型H1N1 流感病毒的实验研究

臭灵丹Laggera pterodonta,一种民间常用的治疗感冒的具有民俗特色的中药。为了检测臭灵丹不同溶剂萃取物对甲型H₁N₁流感病毒在体外的中和杀伤作用和增殖抑制作用,本研究采用中和抑制实验和增殖抑制实验,用狗肾传代MDCK细胞培养法观察臭灵丹萃取物抑制甲型H₁N₁流感病毒的致细胞病变作用(CPE),观察2种实验中臭灵丹萃取物在体外对甲型H₁N₁流感病毒血凝效价的影响,同时采用Real time RT-PCR定量检测流感病毒的拷贝数,比较臭灵丹不同溶剂萃取物对甲型H₁N₁流感病毒在体外增殖的影响。结果显示,臭灵丹乙酸乙酯萃取物及石油醚萃取物作用72 h后,中和实验组H₁N₁病毒血凝效价下降了8倍,而增殖抑制组,H₁N₁病毒血凝效价也分别下降了2倍和4倍;Real time RT-PCR的检测结果表明,臭灵丹乙酸乙酯萃取物中和H₁N₁病毒的抑制率为72.5%,而增殖抑制组的抑制率为25.3%,石油醚萃取物中和H₁N₁病毒的抑制率为60.2%,增殖抑制组为81.4%。由此可以得出,臭灵丹乙酸乙酯萃取物和石油醚萃取物在体外对甲型H₁N₁流感病毒有明显的中和作用及直接的抑制增殖作用。     

Antiprotozoal,antimycobacterial and cytotoxic potential of some british green algae

In the continuation of our search for natural sources for antiprotozoal and antitubercular molecules, we have screened the crude extracts of four green marine algae (Cladophora rupestris, Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides, Ulva intestinalis and Ulva lactuca) collected from the Dorset area of England. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as test organisms in the in vitro assays. The selective toxicity of the extracts was also determined toward mammalian skeletal myoblast (L6) cells. The crude seaweed extracts had no activity against M. tuberculosis, but showed antiprotozoal activity against at least two protozoan species. All algal extracts were active against T. brucei rhodesiense, with C. rupestris being the most potent one (IC₅₀ value 3.7 μg/ml), whilst only C. rupestris and U. lactuca had moderate trypanocidal activity against T. cruzi (IC₅₀ values 80.8 and 34.9 μg/ml). Again, all four extracts showed leishmanicidal activity with IC₅₀ values ranging between 12.0 and 20.2 μg/ml. None of the extracts showed cytotoxicity toward L6 cells, indicating that their antiprotozoal activity is specific. This is the first study reporting antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activity of British marine algae. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.