腹腔镜辅助下小肠部分切除术的临床应用(附10例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下小肠切除术的治疗价值。方法回顾性分析我院2001年7月至2004年9月期间实施腹腔镜辅助下小肠切除术10例患者的临床资料。结果除1例中转开腹外,余9例均实施腹腔镜辅助下小肠切除。平均手术时间(70.2±18.3)min(60~120 min),术中平均出血量(30.3±12.6)ml(15~50 ml),平均住院时间(6.5±1.6)d(5~8 d)。所有患者均在术后24 h开始下床活动,48 h内恢复胃肠功能。术后无一例使用止痛剂。全组手术无病灶遗漏,无并发症和手术死亡发生。结论腹腔镜辅助下小肠切除术安全、经济并具有良好的治疗效果。     

双镜联合技术在胃间质瘤治疗中的应用体会

目的:总结双镜联合技术治疗胃间质瘤的临床价值及经验体会。方法:回顾分析为27例患者行双镜联合胃间质瘤手术的临床资料。结果:6例行腹腔镜辅助内镜手术,内镜下切除肿瘤,腹腔镜辅助暴露内镜术野、监视并处理内镜手术穿孔、出血等并发症。肿瘤均属腔内型,最大径平均(2.2±0.8)cm,术中出血量平均(20.5±15.5)ml,手术时间平均(90.5±30.0)min,肛门排气时间平均(20.5±12.6)h,术后平均住院(4.5±1.8)d,1例术中胃壁穿孔,腹腔镜下胃壁浆肌层缝合加固,无肿瘤残留、其他并发症发生。21例行内镜辅助腹腔镜手术,腹腔镜下切除肿瘤及部分胃壁,内镜辅助定位并检查吻合口或胃壁闭合口。肿瘤属腔外型12例、壁间型5例、腔内型4例,最大径平均(4.5±2.2)cm,术中出血量平均(60.8±25.4)ml,手术时间平均(102.3±32.4)min,肛门排气时间平均(24.8±15.2)h,术后平均住院(5.2±2.0)d,无肿瘤残留及并发症发生。内镜辅助腹腔镜手术组肿瘤大小、术中出血量显著高于腹腔镜辅助内镜手术组(P0.05),其余指标未见统计学差异。结论:双镜联合技术具有微创优势,其中内镜辅助腹腔镜手术在胃间质瘤治疗中应用更为广泛。     

腹腔镜在小肠出血诊治中的临床应用

目的:评价腹腔镜在小肠出血诊治中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2003年9月至2007年6月行腹腔镜诊治的55例小肠出血患者的临床资料,并对手术时间、术中失血、切口长度、术后排气时间、术后住院天数、并发症、术后病理和随访结果进行统计学分析。结果:腹腔镜探查不仅明确了所有患者小肠出血的原因,而且同时实施了相应的腹腔镜手术,其中包括7例完全腹腔镜下小肠肿瘤局部切除术;10例腹腔镜下小肠憩室切除术;37例腹腔镜辅助下小肠肠段切除术;1例腹腔镜辅助下右半结肠切除术。腹腔镜平均手术时间(70.0±28.6)min,术中平均失血(13.5±10.2)ml,平均切口长度(3.4±1.3)cm,平均术后排气时间为(2.2±0.8)d,术后平均住院(7.8±2.9)d。2例(3.6%)术后分别出现吻合口糜烂出血和束带粘连性小肠梗阻。术后随访29(5~50)个月,无复发病例。结论:腹腔镜技术在小肠出血诊治中具有良好效果,腹腔镜小肠手术是一种安全、有效的微创手术方法,值得临床推广应用。     

中间入路法腹腔镜辅助结肠癌根治术50例临床分析

目的:总结中间入路法腹腔镜辅助结肠癌根治术的手术经验及应用价值。方法:回顾分析2008年1月至2010年6月利用中间入路法行50例腹腔镜辅助结肠癌根治术的临床资料及短期随访结果。结果:手术时间平均(165±35)min,术中出血量平均(140±61)ml,平均清扫淋巴结(13.0±3.7)枚,17例区域淋巴结阳性,平均切除肠管(18.2±8.0)cm。术后随访12～36个月,肿瘤相关死亡1例,1例局部复发。无切口种植、吻合口出血、吻合口漏等并发症发生。结论:中间入路法腹腔镜辅助结肠癌根治术路径明确,解剖层面清晰,易掌握。中间入路法先结扎肿瘤血管,符合肿瘤根治原则,是腹腔镜辅助结肠癌根治手术的最佳路径。     

腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术105例

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的安全性及可行性。方法对105例胃恶性肿瘤患者行腹腔镜辅助根治性胃切除术,其中根治性全胃切除术7例,近端胃大部切除术27例,近端胃大部联合脾脏切除术3例,远端胃大部切除术68例。结果 105例手术均获成功。手术时间:全胃切除术300～435min,平均(38l±91)min;近端胃切除术212～390 min,平均(279±73)min;近端胃切除联合脾脏切除术265～405 min,平均(312±64)min;远端胃切除术230～360 min,平均(281±69)min。术中出血量:全胃切除术20～900 ml,平均(260±202)ml;近端胃切除术20～400 ml,平均(200±153)ml;近端胃联合脾脏切除术200～400 ml,平均(333±116)ml;远端胃切除术20～450 ml,平均(140±82)ml。平均清扫淋巴结(34.2±20.5)枚。术后胃肠功能恢复时间平均(3.5±1.4)d,下床活动时间平均(3.0±1.6)d,进流食时间平均(4.9±1.7)d。术后近期效果良好。结论腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术安全可行,且具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜小肠切除术的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜小肠切除术的治疗价值。方法总结分析1993年3月至2000年12月施行的腹腔镜小肠切除术31例患者的临床资料。结果术式包括:腹腔镜辅助下小肠切除术25例;全腹腔镜下小肠切除术6例。25例腹腔镜辅助下小肠切除术平均手术时间(101.9±32.8)min;术中平均出血(65.3±28.5)ml;平均住院(5.5±1.6)d。6例全腹腔镜下小肠切除术平均手术时间(97.2±28.1)min;术中平均出血(59.6±22.1)ml;平均住院(5.1±1.3)d。两组各指标比较,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。所有患者均在术后48d内恢复胃肠功能,并开始下床活动。仅3例术后使用止痛剂。全组手术无病灶遗漏,也无并发症、中转开腹和手术死亡发生。结论腹腔镜小肠切除术具有良好的治疗效果,器械的更新和经验的积累将使这项技术日臻完善。     

完全腹腔镜肝切除的临床应用价值(附123例经验总结)

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜肝切除(total laparoscop ic hepatectomy,TLH)的临床应用价值。方法:2002年7月~2006年9月,我院完成完全腹腔镜肝切除123例,其中男83例,女39例,平均48.2(22~69)岁。手术方式包括:解剖性切除65例,局部切除58例。结果:手术时间(105~280)m in,平均(201.5±100.5)m in。出血量50~1 500m l,中位数210m l。123例患者中21例输血,输血量400~1 000m l。切除肝体积最大18 cm×16 cm×12 cm,病灶直径1.8~17.0 cm,平均(7.4±2.5)cm。术后平均住院2~14d,平均(4.5±1.5)d。2例出现少量胆漏,经引流,术后第5天愈合。病理报告恶性病变52例,良性病变71例。结论:TLH在一定条件下是治疗某些疾病安全、有效的方法。     

腹膜后腹腔镜结核性无功能肾切除术35例报告

目的:探讨腹膜后腹腔镜切除结核性无功能肾的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2008年7月至2010年12月为35例肾结核患者施行腹膜后腹腔镜结核肾切除术的临床资料。结果:本组35例患者均顺利完成腹膜后腹腔镜肾切除术,无一例中转开放手术。手术时间80~190min,平均(115.0±32.7)min;术中失血量30~200ml,平均(105.1±54.5)ml,均未输血。术后均无并发症发生,切口一期愈合。术后住院3~8d,平均(6.3±1.4)d。术后随访2~30个月,平均(14.9±7.2)个月,对侧肾功能正常。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜结核性无功能肾切除术安全有效,具有出血少、患者创伤小、住院时间短等优点,是结核性无功能肾切除的最佳术式,值得进一步临床推广。     

腹腔镜技术在肠道血管畸形急性出血中的应用体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜技术诊治肠道血管畸形急性出血的临床价值。方法:回顾分析为13例保守治疗无效的小肠血管畸形急性出血患者行腹腔镜辅助手术的临床资料。结果:13例患者术前选择性行肠系膜数字减影血管造影(digital sub-traction angiography,DSA)。造影定位下行腹腔镜辅助小肠部分切除吻合术10例,回盲部切除末端回肠造口术1例;术中造影无法明确,内镜协助探查明确出血部位,腹腔镜辅助下行小肠切除吻合1例;导管造影及内镜协助探查均无法明确出血部位,行小肠双口造瘘观察1例。12例痊愈出院,1例死亡。结论:DSA及术中造影是诊断小肠出血并准确定位的有效方法,为外科手术提供了正确的定位。DSA及术中造影准确定位后行腹腔镜辅助手术切除病变肠段安全、有效。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石(息肉)术的临床分析(附1006例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜行微创保胆取石(息肉)术的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2007年1月至2012年1月为1 039例患者行腹腔镜、胆道镜联合保胆取石(息肉)术的临床资料。结果:1 006例应用腹腔镜、胆道镜成功取净结石、息肉;33例中转行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。695例结石患者中单发176例,多发519例;结石数量1～407颗,平均(14±2.3)颗;直径0.1～3.3 cm,平均(1.1±0.12)cm。311例胆囊息肉样病变,单发79例,直径0.5～2.2 cm,平均(0.7±0.15)cm;多发232例,直径0.4～1.0 cm,平均(0.6±0.13)cm。手术时间30～125 min,平均(50±6)min。术后平均住院4 d。术中、术后均无并发症发生。术后随访0.5～5年,结石复发3例,复发率0.43%,息肉(胆固醇性)复发11例,复发率3.54%。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜保胆取石(息肉)术安全、可行,可提高结石取净率及保胆成功率。     

Laparoscopy-assisted exploration of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding after capsule endoscopy: the Korean experience

BACKGROUND: Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGB) is generally defined as recurrent acute or chronic bleeding for which no source has been identified by routine radiologic and endoscopic examination. The aim of this study was to report our early experiences detecting small bowel bleeding by capsule endoscopy (CE) and the results of laparoscopy assisted surgery for OGB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with OGB were examined by CE. Twelve of 24 patients in the active bleeding group underwent laparoscopic or laparoscopy assisted surgery and we carried out intraoperative enteroscopy to find the focus of the bleeding. RESULTS: Laparoscopic localization of the lesion was successful for 4 patients-those with Meckel's diverticulum, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, lymphoma, and ischemic necrosis. In 3 cases in which there was no natural passage of the capsule endoscope, lesions were identified by small bowel exploration through simple palpation by hand. Intraoperative enteroscopy was performed extracorporeally in 5 cases through a minilaparotomy window using an extended incision of a port site less than 7 cm in length. The lesions that were identified by CE preoperatively were resected successfully, via laparoscopic or laparoscopy-assisted surgery. The gastrointestinal bleeding has not recurred during the postoperative follow-up period (mean, 10.6 months). CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic approach can be chosen for surgical management of OGB patients with active bleeding whose lesions have been identified by CE. This approach allows minimally invasive surgical treatment for ongoing OGB.     

腔镜下大隐静脉隔绝术治疗大隐静脉曲张

目的:探讨腔镜下大隐静脉隔绝术治疗大隐静脉曲张的可行性及其疗效。方法:随机将2000年1月至2004年1月115例、132条下肢大隐静脉曲张患肢分为A、B两组,A组行腔镜下大隐静脉隔绝术,B组行传统的大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术,对两种方法进行对比研究。结果:平均切口长度A组为(2. 0±0 .6)cm,B组为(8±1 .1)cm,平均切口长度A组明显短于B组(P<0 .05);平均手术时间A组为(35±10)min,B组为(90±17)min,手术时间A组明显短于B组(P<0 .05);术后两组症状消失,均未发生并发症;患者均获随访,随访1~36个月,A组无复发,B组局部复发4例,复发率6. 06%。结论:腔镜下大隐静脉隔绝术高位结扎、电灼大腿段大隐静脉,阻断其小腿段所有属支及交通支,使大隐静脉与体循环隔绝,不需抽剥大隐静脉,患者创伤小,疗效好,复发率低,是治疗大隐静脉曲张的理想术式。     

腹腔镜辅助超低位直肠癌Parks术37例分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下Parks术治疗超低位直肠癌的可行性及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析37例超低位直肠癌患者的临床资料。结果:37例手术均顺利完成,平均手术时间200(170～250)min,术中平均出血110(80～150)ml,术后1～3d胃肠功能恢复,平均住院12(8～15)d,下切缘距肿瘤平均为(2.90±0.50)cm。随访6～40个月,19例随访超过24个月,2例出现吻合口狭窄,3例复发,2年无瘤生存率为84.2%。结论:腹腔镜辅助超低位直肠癌Parks术能在根治的前提下提高保肛率,改善患者生活质量,可推广应用。     

3D腹腔镜与2D腹腔镜在宫颈癌根治术中的临床比较研究

目的:比较3D腹腔镜与2D腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析102例腹腔镜下宫颈癌根治术患者的临床资料,其中3D腹腔镜组55例,2D腹腔镜组47例,对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数量、术后并发症(尿潴留、输尿管损伤、闭孔神经损伤、血栓形成、淋巴囊肿等)的差异。结果:102例手术均获成功,两组手术时间[(203±30.88)min vs.(223±22.63)min]、术中出血量[(119±46.15)ml vs.(156±71.27)ml]、术后并发症发生率(9.09%vs.29.79%)、切除淋巴结数量[(25.0±5.77)vs.(23.0±6.99)]差异有统计学意义(P0.05);切除宫旁宽度[(3.81±0.39)cm vs.(3.75±0.38)cm]、切除阴道长度[(3.59±0.48)cm vs.(3.67±0.39)cm]差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与2D腹腔镜相比,3D腹腔镜在空间定位及深度感觉方面具有明显优势,解剖层次更加清晰,具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后并发症少等优点,能切除更多淋巴结,手术标本切除更彻底,值得临床推广。     

Laparoscopic resection of small gastric submucosal tumors

Background

No consensus exists regarding the necessity of operative resection for patients with small, asymptomatic gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs). The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes of resection by minimally invasive surgery.

Methods

The medical records of 20 consecutive patients who had undergone laparoscopic or robotic wedge resection for small (<5?cm) gastric SMTs between March 2008 and February 2009 were reviewed. Operative indications included all SMTs unquestionably visible by endoscopy, irrespective of symptoms. The operative procedures, clinicopathologic features, and operative results were assessed.

Results

Out of a total of 20 patients, 17 were asymptomatic, and 3 presented with vague abdominal discomfort. One patient had two tumors, therefore 21 total lesions were resected and evaluated (19 by laparoscopy and 2 by robotic procedures). There were 12 exogastric and 9 transgastric wedge resections. Mean operative time was 84?±?28?min, and mean length of hospitalization was 4.7?±?1.6?days. There were no major peri- or postoperative complications or mortalities. Mean tumor size was 2.4?±?1.2?cm (range 0.6?C4.8?cm). All lesions had microscopically negative resection margins. There were 16 gastrointestinal tumors (GISTs) and 5 other benign lesions. Fifteen of the GISTs had mitotic count (MC) <5 per 50 high-power fields (HPFs), and one lesion measuring 2.5?cm in size had MC of 38 per 50 HPFs.

Conclusions

Small size cannot guarantee a specific malignant risk for gastric SMTs. Laparoscopic/robotic wedge resection is safe and effective in treating small, asymptomatic lesions. Therefore, an active surgical approach should be considered for management of patients with small gastric SMTs.     

腹腔镜下结肠脾曲游离的手术技巧

目的:总结腹腔镜左半结肠切除术中结肠脾曲的游离方法及技巧。方法:回顾分析2013年6月至2014年6月为20例患者行腹腔镜左半结肠切除术的临床资料。结果:20例手术均获成功。手术时间平均(180±30)min,术中出血量平均(90±60)ml。切除肠管长度平均(25.0±2.3)cm,肿瘤直径平均(4.4±1.5)cm,平均检出淋巴结(16.0±3.6)枚。术后肛门排气时间平均(3.0±1.5)d,1例患者于术后第10天发生吻合口瘘,经局部双套管冲洗引流后痊愈;2例患者出现肺部感染、胸腔积液,经抗感染治疗后痊愈;2例患者出现辅助切口脂肪液化,经切口引流换药后痊愈。均无围手术期死亡病例,术后平均住院(13.0±3.5)d。术后平均随访(24.0±5.5)个月,发生肝转移1例,行肝转移灶切除术,患者恢复良好。结论:腹腔镜下结肠脾曲游离是安全、有效的,通过正确的Toldt间隙、合理的分离顺序,可顺利完成腹腔镜下结肠脾曲的游离。     

基层医院急诊腹腔镜在腹部外伤中的应用体会

目的:探讨急诊腹腔镜手术诊治腹部外伤的有效性。方法:2011年1月至2016年8月应用急诊腹腔镜诊治腹部创伤患者187例,并与同期186例传统剖腹探查病例进行对比,分析急诊腹腔镜在腹部创伤诊治中的及时性、诊断率、治疗率、非治疗性手术率等。结果:腔镜组187例均在腹腔镜下明确诊断或治疗,诊断率100%,139例(74.3%)在腹腔镜下完成治疗,16例(8.6%)未发现明显病灶无需处理,32例(17.1%)中转开腹。术后肠鸣音恢复时间平均(2.5±0.9)d,较剖腹组[(3.5±1.4)d]短(P0.05)。未发生腹腔镜相关并发症。结论:急诊腹腔镜诊治腹部损伤安全、可行,可及时做出正确诊断并予以治疗,提高抢救时效,加快康复。     

腹腔镜与开腹脾切除加断流术的疗效对比

目的对比腹腔镜与开腹行脾切除加断流术的疗效。方法选择武汉大学中南医院2014年1月至2015年12月期间住院的肝硬化门静脉高压症病人60例,均行脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术,根据手术方式不同分为两组,腹腔镜治疗组35例,开腹治疗组25例。运用统计学方法,对比两组病人手术时间、切口长度、住院时间、术中出血量、术后镇痛次数、住院费用及并发症等。结果腹腔镜组手术时间为(189.3±58.4)min,切口长度为(9.3±3.3)cm,术后平均禁食时间为(68.33±24.57)h,术中出血量为(120.3±40.4)ml,住院时间为(12.4±0.8)d,术后镇痛次数为(1.3±0.3)次,无一例术后并发症;开腹组手术时间为(203.5±61.4)min,切口长度为(22.4±5.5)cm,术后平均禁食时间为(108.25±32.48)h,术中出血量为(485.6±115.2)ml,住院时间为(15.8±1.2)d,术后镇痛次数为(2.9±0.8)次,术后并发症4例,以上指标腹腔镜组均少于开腹组(P0.05)。但在住院费用方面腹腔镜组高于传统开腹组[(54 200.5±98.5)元比(39 985.5±120.8)元,P0.05]。结论随着科技进步及术者水平的不断积累,腹腔镜手术适应证越来越广,腹腔镜行脾切除加断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压脾功能亢进创伤小,术后并发症少,具有安全性及可行性,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Laparoscopic repair of incarcerated ventral abdominal wall hernias

Background  The role of laparoscopy in the management of incarcerated (irreducible) ventral hernia remains to be elucidated. We present our experience of the laparoscopic repair of incarcerated primary ventral and incisional hernias over an 8-year period. Methods  A retrospective review of the records of 112 patients undergoing laparoscopic repair for incarcerated primary ventral and incisional hernias from January 1998 to February 2006 was performed. The patient demographics, perioperative data, and postoperative complications were assessed. Results  The procedure was completed entirely laparoscopically in 103 patients (91.9%) with the placement of intraperitoneal mesh. A sutured tissue repair (without mesh) was performed in seven patients and hernia repair was abandoned after laparoscopy in two patients. Five patients required limited conversion by a targeted skin incision for the resection of nonviable bowel (three patients) and to complete adhesiolysis within multiloculated hernial sacs (two patients). The contents of the hernial sacs were incarcerated omentum (42 patients), small bowel (28 patients), large bowel (six patients), and omentum and small bowel (34 patients). Of these, seven patients presented with signs of acute small-bowel obstruction. The mean size of the largest defect through which incarceration occurred was 3.5 ± 1.6 cm (range 1.5–7.5 cm) and the mean size of the mesh used was 379 ± 210 cm² (range 225–780 cm²). The mean operative time was 96 ± 40.8 min (range 50–170 min). Inadvertent enterotomy occurred in four patients during bowel reduction and adhesiolysis. In two patients, the enterotomy was repaired by total laparoscopy followed by mesh placement, and two patients required conversion to formal laparotomy due to long-segment tears and peritoneal contamination. The average postoperative hospital stay was 2.8 ± 1.5 days (range 1–6.5 days). Postoperative complications occurred in 20.5% patients. There was no mortality. Hernia recurred in three patients at a mean follow-up of 48 ± 28.3 months (range 1–84 months). Conclusion  Laparoscopic ventral abdominal wall hernia repair can be safely performed with a low complication rate, even in incarcerated hernias. Careful bowel reduction with adhesiolysis and mesh repair in an uncontaminated abdomen with a 5-cm mesh overlap remain key factors for a successful outcome.     

急性肠系膜上动脉血栓形成的腔内溶栓治疗：附24例报告

目的:探讨急性肠系膜上动脉血栓形成(ASMAT)行腔内导管接触溶栓(CDT)治疗的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月—2017年2月中国人民解放军第九七〇医院应用CDT治疗24例ASMAT患者的临床资料。结果:24例患者中男14例,女10例;平均年龄为(68.6±11.2)岁;发病到就诊平均时间为(8.2±3.4)h。所有患者均实施CDT或CDT联合其他腔内治疗,CDT平均时间(42.8±8.3)h。治愈18例(75.0%,18/24),包括发病6 h以内的10例,发病时间为6～12 h的8例,其中单纯CDT 14例,CDT+经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)2例,CDT+PTA+支架置入2例。有效4例(16.7%,4/24),包括发病时间为6～12 h的3例,发病时间为20 h的1例,均施行CDT+PTA治疗。无效2例(8.3%,2/24),发病时间分别为9 h和19 h,其中1例在CDT溶栓治疗30 h后出现腹膜刺激征,行肠切除+肠吻合术,切除小肠长度为150.0 cm,术后腹痛症状消失,恢复良好;另1例在CDT治疗10 h后出现腹膜刺激征,行肠切除+肠吻合术,剩余小肠约200 cm,出现短肠综合征,术后第7天死于心肌梗死。23例获随访(43±17)个月,无复发及加重情况;1例支架植入术后患者复查CTA提示支架内再狭窄,程度约50%,因无临床症状未行治疗。结论:CDT在ASMAT的治疗中安全、有效、微创。